Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci unento ethile engqondweni yakhe afuna ukuyithetha, kodwa kunzima ukuyikhupha emlonyeni wakhe? Mhlawumbi uzama ukubiza igama elinye izihlandlo ezininzi, alithethe ngenye indlela, okanye adibanise amazwi akhe. Ngamaxesha anje, sicinga ukuba umntwana udiniwe okanye unenkani nje. Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Oku akuyonto yahlukileyo nje, kusenokuba kukho isizathu sezonyango soku. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?
Ngamafutshane, i-Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) sisifo sokuthetha esibangela ukuba kube nzima ebantwaneni ukuthetha. Khawuthelekelele oku: Uqhuba imoto. Uyazi ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo. Uyazi ukuba kufuneka ugcine ivili lokuqhuba lithe tye. Kodwa izandla zakho azikwazi ukwenza loo myalelo. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo apha.
Ingqondo yomntwana iyazi ukuba leliphi igama ekufuneka alithethe. Umntwana uyazi ukuba kufuneka athi "mama." Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo wokuhambisa umlomo, imilebe, nolwimi ukuze kuthiwe igama "mama" awuveli engqondweni. Kukho ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwindlela yemithambo-luvo ethwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni iye kwimisipha yomlomo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umntwana unobunzima bokwenza iintshukumo ezifunekayo ukuze abize amagama ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, le ayingongxaki yokuqonda ngomntwana wakho. Uyazi kakuhle into afuna ukuyithetha. Ingxaki kukuba ingqondo ixelela izihlunu zomlomo wakhe ukuba zishukume ngolu hlobo.
Le meko ibizwa ngamanye amagama aliqela.
- Uphuhliso lwe-apraxia yentetho
- I-dyspraxia yokuphuhlisa intetho
Akukho nyango lwale meko, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo lokuthetha lunokuphucula kakhulu amandla okuthetha abantwana abaninzi.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zale meko?
Ezi mpawu zokuqala zihlala zibonakala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Usenokungabi nazo zonke, kodwa ukuba unazo ezimbalwa, kufuneka ukhathazeke.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukungabikho okanye ukuncipha kokubhibhidla/ukucula | Ukungenzi izandi ezifana no-"gu-gu" okanye "ba-ba" njengoko zifanele ubudala babo, okanye ukuba bayazenza, benze izandi ezimbalwa ezifanayo kuphela. |
| Ubunzima bokuhlanganisa izandi | Ubunzima bokubiza igama elithi "ma" ngokudibanisa izandi ezifana no "m" kunye no "ah". |
| Ukulibazisa ukuthetha amagama okuqala | Ukuqala ukuthetha amagama emva kwexesha kunabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo. |
| Ukuthetha amagama ngalinye | Ukubiza igama elithi "ibhola" kube kanye njenge "ibhola", ngelinye ixesha njenge "boba", kwaye ngelinye ixesha njenge "ole". Akukho kufana. |
| Ukushiya izithuba ezinkulu phakathi kwezandi | Ukuma okude phakathi koonobumba xa kubizwa igama. Umzekelo: "Um.....ma". |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwezandi okulinganiselweyo | Intetho yomntwana isebenzisa iikhonsonanti kunye nezikhamiso ezimbalwa kuphela. |
| Ubunzima bokutya | Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa izihlunu zomlomo zinokubangela ukuba abanye abantwana babe nobunzima bokuhlafuna nokuginya. |
Iimpawu ezinokubonakala kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala
Xa umntwana ekhula kancinci aze aqale ukuthetha izivakalisi, ezi mpawu zibonakala ngokucacileyo.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda kwabanye: Kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngumntwana, ingakumbi kumntu ongamboni rhoqo umntwana.
- Ukushukumisa umlomo ngokungathi ufuna amagama: Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe igama, umlomo uhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo izihlandlo ezininzi, ngokungathi ulungiselela lona.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuthetha: Intetho isenokuvakala ngathi ayithandeki, ithambile, okanye ikrunekile.
- Kunzima ukuthetha amazwi amade:Umntwana uyasokola ukubiza igama elide njenge "banana" ngokucacileyo.
- Ukuthetha kuba nzima ngakumbi xa uxhalabile: Xa umntwana esoyika okanye exhalabile, kuba nzima nangakumbi ukuthetha.
- Ubunzima bokulinganisa: Xa ecelwa ukuba aphinde (alinganise) into ethethwa ngabanye, umntwana uba nobunzima bokwenza njalo.
- Ukuzama ukubiza igama elinye amaxesha amaninzi: Ukuzama ukubiza igama elinye amaxesha amaninzi ude ukwazi ukulibiza ngokuchanekileyo.
Kutheni abantwana benale meko?
Isizathu esichanekileyo sale meko asikaziwa okwangoku . Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kweendlela ezithile zemithambo-luvo engqondweni. Ezi ndlela zemithambo-luvo zinoxanduva lokucwangcisa iintshukumo ezifunekayo ukuze bathethe. Kubantwana abane-CAS, imiyalezo ekufuneka isuke ebuchotsheni iye kwiindawo zomlomo ayithunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, ezi ndlela zemithambo-luvo zinokuphazanyiswa kukwenzakala kwengqondo okufunyenweyo, okufana nestroke. Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba izinto zemfuza zinokudlala indima. Izazinzulu ngoku zichonge ii-genes ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezinxulumene nale meko.
Ungayiqonda njani le nto?
Umntu okuphela kwakhe onokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo le meko ngumntu ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Simbiza ngokuba yiSpeech-Language Pathologist (SLP) . Ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kumntu onjalo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
I-SLP yenza izinto ezinje ukuze ichonge le meko:
1. Siza kujonga imbali yomntwana wakho: Siza kukubuza malunga neerekhodi zonyango zomntwana wakho ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe, indlela umntwana wakho adlule ngayo kwiindlela ezibalulekileyo zokukhula, nokunye.
2. Uvavanyo lwezakhono zomlomo: Kuvavanywa iintshukumo zomlomo ezingezizo ezomlomo. Umzekelo, zivavanyelwa ukukwazi ukuvuthela, ukuncuma, ukutyhala imilebe, kunye nokushukumisa ulwimi ngasemva nangasemva.
3. Uvavanyo lwezandi zentetho: Ujonga indlela ezibizwa ngayo izandi zesikhamiso kunye nezandi zekhonsonanti.
4. Ukujonga isandi kunye nesingqisho sentetho: Jonga ubukhulu belizwi lomntwana kunye nendlela elitshintsha ngayo ithoni njengoko ethetha.
5. Ubuchule bokuqonda abanye: Ubungakanani abanye abanokuqonda ngabo oko kuthethwa ngumntwana bukwaqwalaselwa.
6. Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe isampuli yegazi kunye novavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba imbangela yingxaki yemfuza.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango lwe-CAS lufuna ingqalelo engaphezulu kunye nonyango oluqatha kunezinye iingxaki zokuthetha.Unyango lokuthetha luyinxalenye ephambili yonyango.
- Imfuneko yonyango oluqhubekayo: Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukubona ingcali yokuthetha kathathu ukuya kahlanu ngeveki ukuze baphucule izakhono zabo zokuthetha.
- Ithatha ixesha: Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, unyango lungathatha iminyaka, ingakumbi kubantwana abaphoswe ziindlela zophuhliso lolwimi ebuntwaneni.
- Imithambo ephindaphindwayo: Ingcali yezonyango inika umntwana ithuba lokuziqhelanisa noonobumba, amagama, nezivakalisi ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Le mithambo ivumelekile ukuba iqheliswe ekhaya nabazali.
- Iindlela zonxibelelwano ezizezinye: Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuthetha, angaqeqeshwa okwethutyana ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla okanye izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki ukuze aziveze.
Khumbula, oku akuyonto eza kutshintsha ngobusuku obunye. Olu luhambo olude. Kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yakho, umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo angaphucuka.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-CAS esithethe ngazo.
- Ukuba izinto ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi ezifana nokubiza amagama okuqala nokubiza izinto eziqhelekileyo azikho .
- Ukuba umntwana ucaphuka kakhulu xa abanye bengayiqondi into ayithethayo.
Ngokukodwa, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokutya okanye ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomlomo, ukongeza ekuthetheni, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ndingenza ntoni njengomzali?
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo onokumnika umntwana wakho kolu hambo luthando lwakho, inkxaso kunye nenkuthazo .
1. Sebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wengqondo: Hlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wengqondo womntwana wakho (SLP). Thetha ngenkqubela yomntwana wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda imisebenzi yasekhaya.
2. Ziqhelise ekhaya: Yenza umthambo owunikwa yingcali yezonyango kunye nomntwana wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kubaluleke njengomsebenzi wesikolo kwizibalo zesikolo. Ukubekela ecaleni imizuzu eli-10-15 ngosuku ukwenza ezi zinto kunceda kakhulu.
3. Yiba nomonde: Xa umntwana wakho ezama ukuthetha, mnike ixesha. Musa ukuxakeka, ukuhleka, okanye ukuzama ukugqibezela amagama akhe.
4. Khuthaza umntwana:Mncome umntwana wakho nokuba uphucule kancinci. Mkhuthaze ngokuthi, "Ngoku ulithetha kakuhle elo gama."
Khawucinge ngentloni ozivayo xa ngequbuliso ungasakhumbuli igama lomntu omazi kakuhle. Umntwana uvakalelwa ngendlela efanayo. Unelizwi afuna ukulithetha entlokweni yakhe, kodwa uyasokola ukulikhupha emlonyeni wakhe. Inkxaso yakho iya kuba ngamandla akhe amakhulu okuphumelela kuloo mlo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) ayiyongxaki ngobukrelekrele bomntwana. Yingxaki yokulungelelanisa indlela imiyalezo edluliselwa ngayo isuka engqondweni iye emlonyeni.
- Yiba nexhala xa umntwana wakho ebiza amagama ngalinye ngexesha, ethetha kade, kwaye ebonakala ngathi ufuna amagama ngelixa ethetha.
- Nangona kungekho ndlela ipheleleyo yokunyanga oku, ukubhaqwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olunzulu lokuthetha phantsi kwesikhokelo sengcali yokuthetha nolwimi (SLP) kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
- Inkxaso yabazali, umonde, kunye nenkuthazo zibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, ungalibazisi kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
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