Ngaba ngequbuliso uqalile ukuba nentlungu ebuhlungu esiswini? Ngaba isitulo sakho asinambala kwaye sinamanzi? Ngaba nawe uziva ubuthathaka kwaye uhlanza? Ngamaxesha anje, sihlala sicinga ukuba yintlungu yesisu eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuba yiCholera . Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye ufumana unyango ngexesha, esi sisifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Ke namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeCholera ngendlela elula kakhulu, oko kukuthi, indlela eyenzeka ngayo, iimpawu, iindlela zokuthintela, kunye nonyango.
Yintoni kanye kanye iCholera?
Ngamafutshane, ikholera lusulelo lwebhaktiriya oluvela emathunjini ethu. Xa iibhaktiriya eziyibangelayo zingena emizimbeni yethu, ibangela urhudo olunzima nolunamanzi. Oku akufani norhudo oluqhelekileyo. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa, amanzi amaninzi kunye nee-electrolytes , eziyityuwa ebalulekileyo ukuze umzimba wethu usebenze, ziyalahleka.
Oku kulahleka kolwelo emzimbeni, esikubiza ngokuba yi-dehydration , yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha, iingxaki ezibangelwa yile ngxaki yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zingabulala.
Ngoko ke khumbula, ukuba unesifo sorhudo esinzima, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukusela ulwelo oluninzi, ingakumbi ulwelo olufana noJeevani. Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba unesifo sorhudo esigqithisileyo, ukuhlanza, okanye uzive ubuthathaka, yiya kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) yesibhedlele ngaphandle kokuthandabuza.
Ikholera idla ngokusasazeka kwiindawo ezingenamanzi acocekileyo okusela kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Ingafunyanwa nangokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okungaphekwanga kakuhle, ingakumbi iintlanzi. Kwilizwe lethu, kukho umngcipheko wokuba esi sifo sisasazeke emva kweentlekele zemvelo ezifana nezikhukula kunye nokudilika komhlaba.
Zithini iimpawu zekholera?
Uphawu oluphambili noluyingozi kakhulu lwekholera kurhudo olunamandla, olunamanzi. Kukho uphawu olukhethekileyo lwale nto. Oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba “yindle yamanzi erayisi.” Oko kukuthi, indle ayinambala kangako, kodwa lulwelo olumhlophe. Olu rhudo lunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okusongela ubomi kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
Ukongeza kolu phawu luphambili, kunokubakho nezinye iimpawu ezininzi. Jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Urhudo oluqatha | Ukukhupha amanzi rhoqo. Inkangeleko ifana "namanzi erayisi". |
| Ukuhlanza | Inokwenzeka ngakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo. |
| Ukoma okugqithisileyo | Kubangelwa kukulahleka okukhulu kolwelo emzimbeni. |
| Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha | Ukulahleka kweetyuwa ezifana nesodium kunye nepotassium emzimbeni kubangela ukuba inyama esemilenzeni nasezingalweni ibe mdaka. |
| Ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka | Ukuziva ungenabomi. |
| Isiyezi | Isenokubangwa kukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Uphawu oluphambili lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kusenokubakho phantse ukuba akukho mchamo. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ngenxa yokwehla kwamanqanaba olwelo emzimbeni. |
Kodwa kukho enye into ebalulekileyo apha. Abantu abaninzi abosulelwe yi-cholera ababonisi zimpawu . Kodwa banokuba nebhaktheriya endle yabo. Ngoko ke banokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.
Ikhula njani ikholera? Yintoni unobangela wayo?
Ikholera ibangelwa yiVibrio cholerae.Ibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi. Le bhaktheriya ithanda ukuhlala emanzini afudumeleyo kancinci, anetyuwa encinci.
Siyifumana njani ikholera?
Le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu ngamanzi esiwaselayo okanye ngokutya esikutyayo.
- Ukusela amanzi angcolileyo: Eyona nto ibangela kukusela amanzi angcoliswe lindle lomntu onekholera.
- Ukutya okucutshungulwe ngamanzi angcolileyo: Ukuhlamba imifuno neziqhamo ngolu hlobo lwamanzi okanye ukupheka ukutya.
- Ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza: Le ntsholongwane inokufumaneka kwizilwanyana ezifana neeoyster kunye neenkala ezityiwa ngaphandle kokuzipheka kakuhle.
Xa le ntsholongwane ingena esiswini sethu, inamathela eludongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancinci. Ukusuka apho, le ntsholongwane ivelisa ityhefu. Loo tyhefu ivuselela iiseli zamathumbu ethu kwaye ibangele ukuba zikhuphe amanzi amaninzi kunye neetyuwa emathunjini. Yiyo loo nto sifumana urhudo olunzima.
Ikholera ayisosifo sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Sisasazeka ngokungangqalanga. Oko kukuthi, sisasazeka phakathi koluntu ngomthombo wamanzi ongcoliswe lindle lomguli.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana ikholera?
Nabani na ongenawo amanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko angafumana ikholera, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi O: Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abanegazi lohlobo O banokuba neempawu eziqatha ngakumbi xa befumana ikholera kunabantu abanezinye iintlobo zegazi.
- Abantu abane-asidi ephantsi esiswini: I-asidi esesiswini sethu sisikhuseli esibulala iintsholongwane ezininzi ezingenayo. Abantu abathatha amayeza exesha elide e-gastritis (umz., ii-Proton Pump Inhibitors ezifana ne-Omeprazole) bane-asidi ephantsi esiswini. Ngenxa yoko, banamathuba amancinci okusinda kule ntsholongwane.
- Abantu abanosulelo lwe-H. pylori: Olu lusulelo lwebhaktiriya oluvela esiswini.
- Abantu abaye basuswa isisu ngotyando (i-Gastrectomy).
Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwesifo
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, ukuba kukho i-cholera erhanelwayo, kuya kuthunyelwa isampulu yendle ukuze ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikholera ifunyenwe. Oku kungafumanisa ukuba ikholera iVibrio ifumaneka na. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukujonga ukuba ayinamanzi emzimbeni na kunye namanqanaba etyuwa.
Wenza ntoni njengonyango?
Eyona nto iphambili neyona ibalulekileyo xa unyanga ikholera kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ulwelo kunye neetyuwa ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni.
1. Ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo: Ukuba isigulana asisaziva kwaye asihlanzi, nika isisombululo sokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (i-ORS) kuqala.Ukupha. Kwilizwe lethu, sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "yiJeevani." Kuqulathe umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamanzi, iswekile, kunye neetyuwa ezifunekayo emzimbeni.
2. Ulwelo Olufakwa Emthanjeni: Ukuba isigulana siphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, asizi nto, okanye siqhubeka nokuhlanza, ulwelo olusemlonyeni alunakunikwa. Kwimeko ezinjalo, i-saline (IV fluids) inikwa ngemithambo yegazi.
3. Ii-antibiotics: Ukuba ugqirha ugqiba kwelokuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana neDoxycycline kunye neAzithromycin aya kunikwa. La mayeza anokunciphisa ixesha lorhudo kunye nokususwa kweentsholongwane emzimbeni.
4. Izongezo zeZinc: Ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala iZinc kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kunciphisa ubukhali kunye nobude bexesha lorhudo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kwimeko efana nekholera , ungaze usebenzise amayeza okulwa norhudo (umzekelo, amayeza aneLoperamide) ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukwenza njalo kunokuthintela iintsholongwane kunye neetyhefu zazo ekuphumeni emzimbeni, nto leyo enokwenza ukugula kube mandundu.
Sifanele siye nini kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko?
Urhudo lunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
| Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu |
|---|
| - Ukujika kwenyama kakhulu (ingakumbi emilenzeni) |
| - Unxano olugqithisileyo olungenakucinywa nokuba usela amanzi angakanani na |
| - Ukuchama kuncitshiswe kakhulu okanye kuyeke ngokupheleleyo |
| - Isiyezi esigqithisileyo kunye nokuba nomsindo ophantsi |
| - Isantya sentliziyo sikhawuleza kakhulu |
| - Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, ukungazinzi, okanye intetho engacacanga |
Ungazikhusela njani kwikholera? Iindlela zokuthintela
Ikholera sisifo esinokusithintela ngokupheleleyo. Akufuneki senze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukuyithintela. Kwanele ukwenza utshintsho oluthile kwimikhwa yethu yemihla ngemihla.
Yintoni esifanele siyenze thina ngabanye?
- Ukusela amanzi acocekileyo: Sela amanzi abilayo okanye asebhotileni rhoqo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nobunyulu bamanzi, musa ukuwasela.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi acocekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokutya, ukulungiselela ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Pheka ukutya kakuhle: Pheka yonke inyama, intlanzi, kunye nemifuno kakuhle. Ingakumbi pheka ukutya kwaselwandle (ii-mussels, ii-shrimp, i-squid) kude kuphekwe kakuhle.
- Lumka ngokutya okuluhlaza: Hlamba ukutya okuluhlaza okufana neesaladi kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo. Lumka ngezi zinto xa usitya ngaphandle.
- Ukuhlamba Iziqhamo: Hlamba iziqhamo kakuhle phambi kokuba uzitye. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, susa ulusu ngaphambi kokuba uzitye.
- Ukugcina izindlu zangasese zicocekile: Ukusebenzisa izindlu zangasese ezifanelekileyo nokuzigcina zicocekile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo.
Ukuba uya kwindawo eyingozi...
Ukuba usiya kwindawo apho ikholera ixhaphake khona okanye uhlala kwindawo esengozini ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nezikhukula, kukho ezinye izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukongeza kwezi zingasentla.
- Igonyo leKholera: Kukho igonyo lomlomo lokukhusela kwikholera. Ukuba usiya kwindawo esengozini, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane ingcebiso.
- Amanzi asebhotileni: Sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni rhoqo. Kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni nokuba uhlamba amazinyo akho.
- Iipilisi zokucoca amanzi: Gcina izinto ezifana neepilisi zeklorini kufutshane. Ezi zingongezwa emanzini ukubulala iintsholongwane.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ikholera sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili noluyingozi kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okubangelwa kurhudo oluqatha.
- Ukuba unesifo sorhudo esifana "namanzi erayisi," oko kusenokuba luphawu oluphambili lwekholera.
- Inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukutshintsha ulwelo kunye neetyuwa ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni. Iziselo ezifana ne-ORS zibaluleke kakhulu koku.
- Ungaze uthathe amayeza okulwa norhudo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Oku kungayenza imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi.
- Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha ezifana nokuhlanza kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kunye nokuncipha kokuchama, yiya kwi -ETU yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ikholera ingathintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokusela amanzi abilayo, ukuhlamba izandla kakuhle ngesepha, nokupheka ukutya kakuhle.
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