Ngaba wakha weva ngemeko apho uxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi emincinci ngaphakathi emiphungeni lunyuka ngequbuliso? Kufana nento ebhajwa kumbhobho wamanzi kwaye uxinzelelo luyanda. Yiyo loo nto i-CTEPH iyiyo. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lide kancinci, kulula ukuliqonda. Yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa ibalulekile ekufuneka sonke siyiqaphele.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-CTEPH?
I-CTEPH luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni. Ngokwezonyango, silubiza ngokuba yi-`(Pulmonary Hypertension)`. Kodwa oku kwahlukile kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Kukho isizathu esithile sokuba i-CTEPH ivele. Oko kukuthi, amahlwili egazi abekade ebambeke kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga `(Pulmonary Embolism)` awanyibiliki kakuhle .
Khawucinge nje ngomntu onegazi elijiyileyo emiphungeni yakhe. Ngokwesiqhelo, iindlela zomzimba wethu ziyawanyibilikisa la mahlwili egazi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, la mahlwili egazi awanyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, aba zizicubu ezindala, ezifana nezikrweqe ezihlala kwimithambo yegazi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zicubu zibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ijiyile.
Xa imithambo yegazi incipha, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi kuloo mithambo inciphayo. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi emiphungeni lunyuke kakhulu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-CTEPH (Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension) .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba esi sifo senzeka kuphela kubantu abanembali ye-pulmonary embolism. Ukuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu emiphungeni lungenalo imbali enjalo, isenokuba yenye imeko yezonyango.
I-CTEPH iyichaphazela njani umzimba wakho?
Icala lasekunene lentliziyo yethu lihambisa igazi elingcolileyo nelingenawo umoya-mpilo ukuya emiphungeni ukuze licoceke. Ngoku, xa imithambo yegazi emiphungeni incipha ngenxa ye-CTEPH kwaye uxinzelelo lusanda, icala lasekunene lentliziyo kufuneka lijongane nomqobo omkhulu ekutyhaleni eli gazi emiphungeni.
Oku kubangela iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ukuthwala intliziyo kakhulu: Xa usebenza nzima ngolu hlobo ngalo lonke ixesha, icala lasekunene lentliziyo liqala ukuba buthathaka. Oku kufana nepompo yamanzi esebenza nzima ukugcwalisa indawo evalekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ipompo iba buthathaka.
2. Ukwehla kwamanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni: Igazi alikwazi ukudlula kakuhle emiphungeni lize lithathe ioksijini. Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni ehle. Oku kubangelwa ziimpawu ezifana nokudinwa kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana i-CTEPH?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko kukuba amahlwili egazi emiphungeni awanyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto zinobungozi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwegazi | Ukuba nohlobo lwegazi olungelulo 'O'. |
| Izifo zokuqunjelwa kwegazi | Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo sokugalela igazi (umz. i-Antiphospholipid Syndrome ). |
| Ukususwa kwepleen | I-Splenectomy (ukususwa kwe-spleen ngotyando) . |
| Usulelo lwexesha elide | Izifo ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nosulelo lwamathambo (i-osteomyelitis) . |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kunye nezifo ezifana neSifo seMilo esiVuthuzayo . |
| Ezinye izinto | Ukuba ngumfazi, ukuba ne -pacemaker entliziyweni, kunye nokuthatha unyango lwe-thyroid hormone zizinto ezinokubangela usulelo. |
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu ze-CTEPH zisenokungabonakali ekuqaleni. Zikhula kancinci kancinci. Usenokucinga ukuba oku kukudinwa nje okuqhelekileyo. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Kwenzeka ngakumbi xa uzibhokoxa, njengaxa uhamba okanye unyuka izinyuko. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, oku kungakhululeki kunokwenzeka nokuba umi nje. |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa | Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha nangona ungenzi msebenzi. |
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana | Le ntlungu inokwenzeka kuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima. |
| Ukudumba kwemilenze namaqatha (i-Edema) | Ngenxa yokusebenza kwentliziyo okungasebenzi kakuhle, ulwelo luyaqokelelana emzimbeni, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba emilenzeni. |
| Ukudinwa kunye nokuquleka (iSyncope) | Oku kunokwenzeka xa ingqondo ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Uziva ngathi unokuva ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho. |
| Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iCyanosis) | Imilebe kunye neminwe yeminwe ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa ye-oxygen ephantsi egazini. |
Ukuba unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba unembali yokuqhekeka kwegazi emiphungeni, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-CTEPH?
Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukurhaneleka kokuba une-CTEPH, baza kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Iskeni se-V/Q: Oku kujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ukuya emiphungeni kunye nendlela umoya ohamba ngayo kuyo. Esi skeni sinokubona iindawo apho kukho khona amahlwili egazi, njengoko ukuhamba kwegazi kuncipha.
- I-Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE): Oku kunokujonga uxinzelelo kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo kunye nokuba intliziyo ibuthathaka kangakanani.
- I-CT Pulmonary Angiogram: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-CT olunokubonwa ngokucacileyo amahlwili egazi amadala kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi emiphungeni.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lokuqinisekisa
Nje ukuba isifo siqinisekiswe, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuchongwe ubukhali baso kunye nocwangciso lonyango.
- I-Catheterization yentliziyo ekunene: Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemiphunga. Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni iye kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo kunye nomthambo wegazi ophambili okhokelela emiphungeni, kwaye uxinzelelo luyalinganiswa.
- Uvavanyo Loxinzelelo Lokuzilolonga: Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe ukubona indlela intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga esebenza ngayo xa uzilolonga.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Iindaba ezimnandi malunga ne-CTEPH zezokuba sisifo esinyangekayo. Uninzi lwezigulane lunokukhululeka ngotyando okanye olunye unyango. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.
1. Utyando lwe-Pulmonary Endarterectomy (PTE):
Olu lutyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo. Kule nkqubo, oogqirha bavula imithambo yegazi ephambili emiphungeni baze bakhuphe nawaphi na amahlwili egazi amadala kunye nezicubu ezinokuba ziqokelelene ngaphakathi. Nangona olu tyando luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukuba luphumelele, lunethuba elikhulu lokunyanga ngokupheleleyo esi sifo.
2. I-Pulmonary Balloon Angioplasty (BPA):
Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kubantu abanegazi eliqhekekileyo kwimithambo emincinci kakhulu ukuba batyandwe. Kolu nyango, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) kumthambo osemlenzeni kwaye kusetyenziswa ibhaluni encinci ekupheleni ukuze kuvuthelwe kwaye kwandiswe umthambo onciphileyo. Oku akuyonto inkulu njengotyando.
Nokuba loluphi na unyango lunokuyiphilisa ngokupheleleyo i-CTEPH. Emva konyango, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kwabo bangakwaziyo utyando okanye abasenoxinzelelo oluphezulu emiphungeni yabo emva kotyando, kunikwa amayeza akhethekileyo (umz., iRiociguat) ukulawula olo xinzelelo.
Izinto ekufuneka uzazi xa uhlala ne-CTEPH
Ubomi bakho buza kuphucuka kakhulu emva konyango, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi.
- Izithambisi-gazi zobomi bonke: Kuya kufuneka uthathe izithambisi-gazi ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uthintele ukuqhekeka kwegazi okungakumbi. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukutya: Ukuba usela amayeza afana ne-'Warfarin', kufuneka ulumke ngokutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin K (njengekhaphetshu, ispinatshi, ibroccoli). Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu emiphungeni yakho. Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuzilolonga okulula: Ukuzilolonga okulula, njengokuhamba, kunokukunceda ukonyusa amandla akho. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na inkqubo yokuzilolonga. Ungathunyelwa kwinkqubo yokubuyisela umzimba elawulwa ngugqirha ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Pulmonary Rehabilitation."
- Impilo yengqondo: Ukuphila nesi sifo esifana nesi ixesha elide kunokubangela iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo, ixhala, okanye ukudakumba. Ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, musa ukuba neentloni ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye nomntu osondeleyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-CTEPH yimeko yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olubangelwa kukunamathela kwamahlwili egazi amadala kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga.
- Musa ukubhidanisa oku noxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci, ukudinwa kakhulu, okanye ukudumba kwemilenze yakho, ingakumbi ukuba unembali yokuqhekeka kwegazi, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Esi sifo sinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando okanye ngezinye iindlela.
- Kwanasemva konyango, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi malunga nokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi.
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