Ngaba wakha woyika xa ubona igazi esitulweni sakho okanye ubona amabala egazi kwiphepha lakho langasese? Okanye uhlala unentlungu engaqhelekanga esiswini sakho, uzive ugcwele? Abantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu bacinga ukuba ezi mpawu ziqhelekile njengee "piles" kwaye abazinaki kangako. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi zisenokungabi zizinto zincinci njengoko sicinga. Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Musa ukoyika okanye ukhathazeke ngoku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngokupheleleyo esi sifo kwaye uhlale uphaphile. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Kalula nje, yintoni umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu?
Umhlaza we-Coloral Eclipse, okanye ngokwezonyango, umhlaza we-Coloral Eclipse, ngumhlaza okhula kwi-colon okanye kwi-rectum, inxalenye yokugqibela yenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Asinto ekhula ngobusuku obunye.
Khawucinge nje, eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwekholoni yethu, kuvela amaqhuma amancinci, njengee-moles ezincinci. Siwabiza ngokuba yi-"Polyps" ezi. Ayizizo zonke ezi qhuma eziba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zamaqhuma zinokutshintsha kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi (ngokufuthi malunga neminyaka eli-10) zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba la maqhuqhuva anokufunyanwa aze asuswe ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumhlaza, umhlaza unokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, amathuba okuba unyangwe kwaye unyangeke ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu.
Qaphela ezi mpawu!
Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wamathumbu ukhula kancinci, usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Xa kuvela iimpawu, zinokufana nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Okungakumbi malunga noku |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu | Urhudo okanye ukuqhinwa okuhlala iintsuku ezininzi. Indle ebhityileyo kunangaphambili, njengepensile. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Igazi elibomvu okanye elimnyama elimnyama esitulweni. Ukubona amabala egazi kwisitya sendlu yangasese okanye kwiphepha lendlu yangasese. |
| Ukungonwabi kwesisu | Iintlungu zesisu rhoqo, ukudumba, kunye nokungakhululeki esiswini. |
| Ukuziva ngathi kusekho indle emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese | Nokuba sele uphumile, usaziva ngathi amathumbu akho akakaphumi ngokupheleleyo. |
| Ukudinwa nobuthathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu nangona uphumle ngokwaneleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umhlaza unokubangela ukulahleka kwegazi elininzi emzimbeni, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-anemia. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba ubunzima bomzimba wakho buyehla ngendlela engalindelekanga ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukutya okanye ukwenza umthambo, xhalaba. |
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onomhlaza. Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu kunye norhudo kunokubangelwa yintsholongwane yesisu. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu zihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ingakumbi ukuba unegazi endle yakho, nceda ungalibazi kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza uvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Akukho sizathu sithile sikhethekileyo somhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka xa utshintsho oluthile kwiijini zeeseli eziphilileyo kumathumbu amakhulu lusenzeka (iiGenetic Mutations), nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezo seli zahlulwe kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo. Iiseli zomhlaza ezibunjwa ngale ndlela ziyahlangana ukuze zenze iipolyps kunye neethumba.
Uphando lwezonyango lufumanise izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nalo mhlaza. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala | Esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje, kukho ukwanda kwenani lamatyala abikiweyo kubantu abancinci kunoko. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba omnye wezalamane zakho ezisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu, abantwana) ukhe waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye iipolyps ezinkulu, nawe usengozini enkulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba ufumene esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engama-45 ubudala. |
| Iimeko zofuzo | Iimeko zemfuza ezifana neLynch syndrome kunye neFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) ziyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza. |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abane-body mass index (BMI) engaphezulu kwama-25 basengozini enkulu. |
| Ukutshaya nokusela utywala | Ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala rhoqo (nokuba kuncinci kangakanani) kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko. |
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu zakho, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho ngokweenkcukacha. Emva koko uza kuhlola umzimba wakho. Ukongeza, uza kucebisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise unobangela wesifo sakho.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Igazi lakho liza kuhlolwa ukuba alina-anemia na ngokwenza ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC). Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo, olufana nophawu lomhlaza (CEA assay), lunokwenziwa.
- Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Uvavanyo olufana ne-CT scans (Computed Tomography) kunye ne-MRI scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lunokusetyenziswa ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na iithumba ezinomhlaza emzimbeni kunye nokuba zisasazeke kangakanani.
- I-Diagnostic Colonoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo noluchanekileyo lokufumanisa umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wezifo zamathumbu ufaka ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo) nge-anus aze ahlole i-colon yonke ngesikrini.
- Ngeli xesha, ukuba kukho iqhuma elirhanelekayo (i-polyp), linokususwa ngokupheleleyo okanye iqhekeza elincinci lalo (i-biopsy) lingathathwa lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
Xa esi sifo siqinisekisiwe ngezi mvavanyo, inqanaba lomhlaza limiselwa ngokusekwe kwindawo umhlaza okhoyo kuyo, nokuba usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, nokuba usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Unyango lucwangcisiwe ngokusekwe kweli nqanaba.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ungakhathazeki, ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo noluphucukileyo lwesi sifo. Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho, indawo okuyo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Unyango oluphambili lutyando .
- I-Polypectomy: Ukususwa kwee-grows ezingaphambi komhlaza (ii-polyps) ngexesha le-colonoscopy.
- Ukususwa kwe-Colectomy: Ukususwa kwenxalenye yekholoni apho umhlaza ukhoyo ngotyando.
Ukongeza kutyando, okanye ngaphambi nasemva kotyando, olu nyango lunokufuneka:
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Unyango olujoliswe kuko: Ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezichaphazela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe aze agqibe ngesicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.
Inganyangwa njani le sifo?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawucingayo. "Izinga Lokusinda" lipesenti yezigulane eziphila emva kweminyaka emi-5 zifunyaniswe zinesifo. Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba apho isifo sifunyaniswe khona.
- Kwinqanaba lokuqala (Localized): Ukuba umhlaza ukhawulelwe kwikholoni, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 liphezulu ukuya kuma -91% .
- Ingingqi: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph nodes, eli nani limalunga ne- 73% .
- Ukude: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ezifana nesibindi nemiphunga, eli nani lehla liye kwi- 13% .
Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Ezi ziingqikelelo nje eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwidatha evela kumawaka ezigulane. Imeko yakho inokuba yahlukile kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba kangangoko kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo. Emva koko amathuba okuchacha aphezulu kakhulu.
Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kumhlaza?
Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela umhlaza nge-100%, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukutya okulungileyo: Nciphisa ukutya kwakho ioyile, iswekile, umgubo, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu), kunye nenyama elungisiweyo (isoseji, ibhekoni). Endaweni yoko, yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi njengemifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo .
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, fumana uncedo lokuyeka. Le yenye yezona zibonelelo zinkulu kwimpilo yakho iyonke.
- Nciphisa utywala: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo okanye ukubusebenzisa kancinci kakhulu.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Lawula ubunzima bomzimba wakho ngokwenza umthambo rhoqo nokutya ukutya okunesondlo.
- Fumana Uvavanyo Xa Uneminyaka Efanelekileyo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane i-colonoscopy yokuhlola umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu uneminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise uhlolo kwangethuba.
Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa nokususa iipolyps ezinokuba ngumhlaza kwangethuba, ngaloo ndlela luthintele ukukhula komhlaza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokutshintsha kwendlela odla ngayo amathumbu, iintlungu zesisu, ingakumbi igazi eliphuma esitulweni. Ukuba ziyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Musa ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa ngenxa yoloyiko.
- Ukuba unezinto ezibangela umngcipheko okanye ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza, nokuba awunazo iimpawu.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya notywala) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
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