Xa unomntwana omtsha, ithemba elikhulu onalo njengomama okanye utata kukubona umntwana wakho ephilile. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka sikhathazeke kancinci ngenxa yeengxaki ezithile eziphakamayo ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngotshintsho okanye iziphene ezithile kwinkqubo yomchamo yomntwana ezizalwa ukususela ekuzalweni. Ngokwezonyango, ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-'Congenital Urinary Abnormalities'. Musa ukoyika xa usiva igama, ukuba uyazi kakuhle oku, kuya kuba lula kuthi ukujongana nayo nantoni na.
Ngamafutshane, zeziphi ezi ngxaki zenkqubo yomchamo wokuzalwa?
Igama elithi 'congenital' lithetha 'ukususela ekuzalweni'. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi meko zikhona ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni okanye ekuzalweni. Zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yomchamo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yokuzala.
Cinga ngenkqubo yomchamo emzimbeni wethu njengenkqubo ehluza amanzi, iwaqokelele etankini, ize iwakhuphe ngepayipi. Kukho iindawo ezimbalwa eziphambili kule nkqubo:
- Izintso: Ezi zizihluzo ezimbini eziphambili emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi ophambili wezintso kukucoca iityuwa ezingafunekiyo, amanzi, iityhefu kunye nenkunkuma egazini zize zivelise umchamo . Ngokwesiqhelo, wonke umntu uneentso ezimbini.
- Isinyi Somchamo: Esi sisingxobo esincinci, esithambileyo esigcina umchamo oveliswa zizintso okwethutyana.
- Ii-ureters: Ezi ziityhubhu ezimbini ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.
Ngoko ke, ezi ngxaki zokuzalwa esizithethayo ziinguqu ezithile okanye iziphene ezenzeka kwiindawo ezifana nezintso, isinyi, okanye urethra xa zenzeka.
Ziziphi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuzalwa kwenkqubo yomchamo?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko ezinjalo. Ezinye zixhaphakile kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zinqabile kakhulu. Masiqonde nje iintlobo eziphambili. Ndibeke olu lwazi kwitheyibhile ukuze kube lula ukuliqonda.
| Igama leMeko | Kwenzeka ntoni kule meko? |
|---|---|
| I-Hydronephrosis | Ngamafutshane, amatye ezintso ayadumba. Ngenxa yokuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo, umchamo awukwazi ukuphuma kwizintso uye kwisinyi. Emva koko, umchamo uzala ngaphakathi kwizintso, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izintso zidumbe. Oku kunokwenzeka kwintso enye okanye zombini. |
| Amasende Angathotywanga (i-Cryptorchidism) | Le yimeko echaphazela abafana. Amasende adla ngokukhula ngaphakathi esiswini somntwana. Emva koko ehla kancinci aye kwi-scrotum, ingxowa engasemva kwepenis. Kule meko, elinye okanye omabini amasende anamathela kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba endaweni yokuba ehle. |
| I-Hypospadias | Oku kukwachaphazela namakhwenkwe. I-urethra yityhubhu apho umchamo kunye nesidoda ziphuma khona emzimbeni. Ngokwesiqhelo, umngxuma okule tyhubhu usekupheleni kwepenisi. Kodwa kumakhwenkwe anale meko, umngxuma ungaphantsi kwepenisi. |
| I-Spin Bifida | Oku kwenzeka kuba ingqondo, umqolo, kunye neenwebu ezingqongileyo azivali ngokupheleleyo ngelixa umntwana ekhula esibelekweni. Kwiimeko ezinzima, oku kungonakalisa imithambo-luvo kwaye kubangele iimeko ezifana nokukhubazeka. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokulawula isinyi (isinyi se-neurogenic). |
| I-Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) | Ngokwesiqhelo, umchamo uphuma kwizintso uye kwisinyi. Kodwa kule meko, umchamo osuka kwisinyi ubuyela umva, unyuke kwi-ureters, uze ungene kwizintso. Njengamanzi aphuma emlanjeni. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane zomchamo rhoqo (UTIs) kunye nomonakalo wezintso. |
| Ukukhupha iSinyi | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba isinyi somntwana sijika singene ngaphakathi, sishiye umngxuma eluswini lwesisu. Ngoko ke, endaweni yokuphuma nge-urethra eqhelekileyo, umchamo uphuma ngale mngxuma esiswini. |
| Isifo sesisu sePrune | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Eyona nto iphambili koku kukuba izihlunu zesisu zibuthathaka kakhulu okanye azikho. Ngenxa yoko, ulusu lwesisu lubonakala lushwabene njengeediliya. Ukongeza, amasende awahla kwaye nezinye iingxaki kwinkqubo yomchamo nazo ziyabonakala. |
| Ivalvu ye-Urethral yangasemva (i-PUV) | Oku kukwayinto eyenzeka kuphela kwiintsana ezingamaduna. Ngasemva kwe-urethra, kwakheka into efana ne-membrane eyongezelelweyo, evala indlela yomchamo. Emva koko, umchamo awukwazi ukuphuma kwaye ubuyela umva, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinyi sidumbe. Oku kungonakalisa i-urethra kunye nezintso. |
Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo ebonwa kubantwana abangamakhwenkwe kukungakhuli kakuhle kwamathambo .
I-Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) yimeko eqhelekileyo kumantombazana .
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu ezivela kwezi meko ziyahluka. Ezinye iimeko azibangeli ntlungu okanye iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Zinokubonwa kuphela ngovavanyo olufana neeskeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa.
- Intlungu esiswini, esiswini, okanye emqolo.
- Ukutsha okanye intlungu xa uchama (i-dysuria).
- Umchamo ujikiswa uye kwelinye icala endaweni yokuba ugeleze ngqo.
- Ukuchama kakhulu okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo.
- Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria).
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
- Iimeko zeHernia.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs).
- Umntwana akakhuli njengoko bekulindelwe.
Kutheni iimeko ezinje zenzeka?
Kunzima kakhulu ukuchonga unobangela omnye. Kunzima kancinci. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba kudla ngokubangelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto ezisingqongileyo kunye nefuthe lemfuza .
Izinto ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo:
- Umama unesifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukungafumani ngokwaneleyo iivithamini ezibalulekileyo kunye neeminerali ezifana ne-folate kunye ne-iron ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Amanye amayeza athathwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ingakumbi lawo asetyenziswa xa umntu enesifo sokuwa, anokonakalisa izintso.
Ngokwemfuza, oku kunokubangelwa lutshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwiimfuza oluchaphazela ukukhula komntwana. Kodwa akufuneki ukhathazeke kakhulu ngezi zinto. Into ebalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba oku akulona ityala lakho okanye enye into.
Ungaziqonda njani ezi meko?
Olu hlobo lweengxaki zokuzalwa ludla ngokubonwa ngexesha le-ultrasound yokukhulelwa . Xa bejonga ukukhula komntwana, oogqirha bajonga nolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze umntwana. Emva kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, uninzi lolulwelo lwe-amniotic lwenziwe ngumchamo womntwana. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho inani elincinci lolulwelo, oogqirha banokukrokrela ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yomchamo.
Ukuba ayifunyaniswanga ngaphambi kokuzalwa, oogqirha banokukrokrela oku ngexesha lobuntwana okanye ebuntwaneni ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomntwana. Emva koko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa imeko.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Oku kuthatha imifanekiso yamalungu omzimba.
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Jonga ukuba akukho zifo zomchamo.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Linganisa ukuba izintso zihluza igazi kakuhle kangakanani.
- I-CT Scan: Isebenzisa inani elikhulu lee-X-rays ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezipheleleyo zangaphakathi lomzimba.
- I-MRI Scan: Isebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yamalungu omzimba.
- I-VCUG (i-Voiding Cystourethrogram): Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray. Lunceda ukubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa isinyi sizaliswa kwaye siphuma. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga i-VUR.
- I-Renal Scan: Inani elincinci lezinto ezine-radioactive lifakwa kwizintso ukuze kujongwe ngokweenkcukacha ukusebenza kwezintso kunye nokuhamba komchamo.
Iphathwa njani?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwimeko ethile yomntwana kunye nobunzima bayo.
Ayizizo zonke iimeko ezifuna unyango. Ezinye iingxaki ezincinci zinokuzilungisa ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye zisenokufuna unyango oluqhelekileyo.
Kwelinye icala, ezinye iimeko zifuna unyango. Ezi zingabandakanya:
- Ii-antibiotics: Thintela okanye unyange usulelo lomchamo.
- Utyando: Kusenokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe imiqobo, kulungiswe i-urethra, okanye kulungiswe ezinye iziphene.
- I-Dialysis: Ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso), kufuneka kusetyenziswe umatshini ukususa inkunkuma emzimbeni.
- Ukufakelwa kwezintso: Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokungasebenzi kwezintso, ukufakelwa izintso okunempilo kunokuba sisisombululo.
Iqela lezonyango elinyanga umntwana wakho liza kuyihlola ngononophelo imeko yomntwana wakho lize lenze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuye.
Yintoni onokuyilindela kwikamva lomntwana wakho?
Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yomntwana kunye nendlela ebachaphazela ngayo. Abanye abantwana banokufuna unyango ubomi babo bonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Iqela lezonyango liza kusebenzisana nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sokunceda umntwana wakho aphile ubomi obukhuselekileyo, obusempilweni, nobokuzimela .
Njengoko umntwana ekhula, iingxaki ezinje ngobunzima bokulawula umchamo kunye nendle, usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo, kunye nomonakalo wezintso unokuvela. Kukwakho nomngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu wezintso.
Kwakhona, ezi meko zinokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo yomntwana. Umntwana unokuziva exhalabile ngomzimba wakhe kunye noko abanye bakucingayo ngaye. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umntwana inkxaso yengqondo efunekayo kunye nokufuna uncedo kwiqela lezonyango.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Ndifanele ndiye nini kwi-ETU?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, qiniseka ukuba uyaya kwimihla yekliniki enikiweyo ngugqirha. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukukhula kunye nemeko yomntwana.
Kwakhona, ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zongxamiseko ezilandelayo ezibonakala, mthathe umntwana umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) ekufutshane ngoko nangoko.
- Intlungu ekhawulezileyo okanye enganyamezelekiyo esiswini, emqolo, okanye emqolo.
- Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-100.5 Fahrenheit (38 Celsius).
- Utshintsho ekuchameni: ukuchama kakhulu okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo, ukungakwazi ukuchama, iintlungu xa uchama, okanye igazi emchameni .
Kwimeko ezinjalo, musa ukulinda ekhaya. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- 'Iingxaki zomchamo ezizalwa nazo' ziimeko ezenzeka ngexesha umntwana esakhula esibelekweni sikanina. Asikuko konke konke oku okubangelwa yingxaki yabazali.
- Uninzi lwale miphumo lunokubonwa kwangethuba ngokusebenzisa iiskeni ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuchama, unezifo ezixhaphakileyo, okanye ubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, musa ukuzityeshela . Yisa umntwana wakho kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ayizizo zonke iimeko ezifuna utyando okanye unyango oluqatha. Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwimeko ethile yomntwana.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango oluhlala ixesha elide, uninzi lwabantwana abanezi meko banokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda wenze loo nto.
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