Ingaba imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni yakho ivaliwe? Masifunde ngesifo semithambo yegazi!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo kodwa esinokuba sibi kakhulu. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngaso, okanye umntu osapho lwakho usenokuba naso. Makhe sijonge ukuba siyintoni isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) , kutheni sisenzeka, kwaye sinokuzikhusela njani. Sifana nombulali ongathethiyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele.

Yintoni isifo semithambo yentliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, yimeko apho imithambo yegazi yentliziyo , enika igazi elinomoya-mpilo entliziyweni yakho, incipha okanye ivaleke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha , i-plaque , ingakumbi i-cholesterol, iqokelelana kule mithambo yegazi, nto leyo ethintela inani legazi elifikelela kwimisipha yentliziyo.

Khawucinge nje, kukho imizila emibini yezithuthi endleleni, kwaye ngequbuliso indlela iyakhiwa, ngoko ke incitshiswa ibe ngumzila omnye. Emva koko izithuthi ziya kuhamba kakuhle, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto. Usenokungaqapheli nto de le plaque yenze ihlwili legazi kwaye ivale ngokupheleleyo umthambo. Ihlwili legazi lifana nomqobo wekhonkrithi embindini wendlela. Emva koko izithuthi ziyema ngokupheleleyo. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwenzeka xa igazi lingakwazi ukuya entliziyweni.

Le meko idla ngokuqhubeka iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kweempawu, de kube kuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngequbuliso. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba "ngumbulali ongathethiyo."

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiCoronary Heart Disease (CHD) kunye neIschemic Heart Disease . Oku ngabantu abaninzi abakubiza ngokuba "yingxaki yentliziyo."

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iintlobo eziphambili zale nto?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo semithambo yentliziyo:

1. Isifo sentliziyo esizinzileyo se-Ischemic: Olu luhlobo olungapheliyo, okanye oluhlala ixesha elide. Imithambo yakho yentliziyo iyancipha kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inani legazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi elifunyanwa yintliziyo yakho liyancipha. Usenokuba neempawu ezithile, kodwa uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ngokuqhelekileyo.

2. I-Acute Coronary Syndrome: Le yimeko eyingozi eyenzeka ngequbuliso kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. I-plaque kwi-coronary artery iyaqhekeka ngequbuliso, yenze i-blood clot ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni. Oku kuvinjelwa ngequbuliso kubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Isifo semithambo yegazi sixhaphake kakhulu . E-United States kuphela, abantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-18 banaso esi sifo. Kubonakala ngathi le meko iyanda imihla ngemihla kwilizwe lethu. Isifo semithambo yegazi yegazi sesona sibangela ukufa kwihlabathi liphela.

Zithini iimpawu?

Usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu zesifo semithambo yegazi ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuthatha iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka, ukuba le plaque yakheke. Kodwa njengoko imithambo yakho iqala ukuncipha, unokuqala ukuqaphela iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo. Ezi ziimpawu zokuba intliziyo yakho isebenza nzima kunesiqhelo ukupompa igazi elineoksijini emzimbeni wakho.

Iimpawu ze-CAD ezingapheliyo zingabandakanya:

• I-Stable Angina: Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. I-Stable angina yintlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki. Iza kwaye ihambe ngendlela efanayo. Uhlala uyiva xa uzilolonga, usebenza nzima, okanye xa uxinezelekile. Iyaphela xa uphumle okanye xa usela i-nitroglycerin (iyeza elisetyenziselwa i-angina).
• Ukuphefumla kancinci/Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Abanye abantu bakufumanisa kunzima ukuphefumla nangona besenza imisebenzi elula.

Ngamanye amaxesha, uphawu lokuqala lwesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo luhlaselo lwentliziyo , ngoko ke kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Yintoni ebangela oku?

Eyona nto ibangela isifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -atherosclerosis . I-atherosclerosis kukwakheka kancinci kancinci kwe-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yomzimba wakho. Xa ezi plaque zivala ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi, uba nesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi.

Le plaque yenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-cholesterol, inkunkuma, i-calcium, kunye ne-fibrin (into enceda ukujiya kwegazi). Xa ezi zinto ziqokelelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ziyancipha kwaye ziqine.

Ezi ntsalela zinokunciphisa okanye zonakalise imithambo yegazi. Oku kunokuthintela okanye kuthintele ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwinxalenye yomzimba. Xa ezi ntsalela ziqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo, imisipha yentliziyo ayifumani gazi laneleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo ayifumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-myocardial ischemia . Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zesifuba (i-angina) kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Abantu abanesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni yentliziyo badla ngokuba ne-plaque eyakhayo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, nto leyo enokubangela izifo ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni ye-carotid (esichaphazela imithambo yegazi entanyeni) kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni ye-peripheral (i-PAD) (esichaphazela imithambo yegazi emithanjeni yengalo nemilenze).

Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ewe. Imbali yosapho ichaphazela umngcipheko wakho wesifo semithambo yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezingenanto yakwenza nemfuza yakho. Izigqibo ozenzayo yonke imihla zinempembelelo enkulu kumngcipheko wakho we-CAD.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Zininzi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Awunakuzitshintsha zonke, kodwa ezinye zingalawulwa ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo okanye amayeza. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento onokuyenza ngezi zinto zibangela umngcipheko:

• Ukuba uyindoda, uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala, kwaye ukuba ungumfazi, uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala.
• Ukuba nelungu losapho elinesifo sentliziyo (ingakumbi utata okanye umntakwabo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-55, okanye umama okanye udade ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65).
• Ukutya amafutha amaninzi agcweleyo okanye iicarbohydrate ezicociweyo (ezifana nesonka, irayisi, ipasta).
• Ukungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukutshaya, ukuvasa, okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokutshaya.
• Ukuba ne -atherosclerosis .
• Igazi elonyukayo .
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e -cholesterol embi (i-LDL cholesterol) .
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e -cholesterol elungileyo (i-HDL cholesterol) .
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride ( hypertriglyceridemia ).
• I-anemia .
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni ezifana ne -lupus kunye ne -rheumatoid arthritis .
• Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo .
• Isifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus) .
• I-HIV/AIDS .
• Isifo seMetabolic .
• Isalathisi soBunzima boMzimba (i-BMI) engaphezulu kwama-25.
• Iingxaki zokulala ezifana ne -sleep apnea .
• Ukuya exesheni kwangethuba (ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40).
• I-Endometriosis .
• Ukuba nembali yeemeko ezifana nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, i-eclampsia , okanye i-preeclampsia .
• Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa kwama-hormone.

Ngaba iingxaki zinokwenzeka?

Eyona ngxaki iphambili yesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo . Le yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi. Imisipha yentliziyo iqala ukufa kuba ayifumani gazi laneleyo. Ukuze usindise ubomi bakho, udinga unyango olukhawulezileyo ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-CAD ingenza intliziyo ibe buthathaka kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ii-Arrhythmias (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, umz. i-atrial fibrillation ).
• Ukufa ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuma kwentliziyo .
• Ukothuka okubangelwa yintliziyo .
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo .

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?

Oogqirha baxilonga isifo semithambo yegazi ngokuhlolwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangovavanyo olwahlukeneyo.

Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho:

• Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyalinganiswa.
• Ukumamela intliziyo nge-stethoscope.
• Bayakubuza ukuba zeziphi iimpawu onazo kwaye ixesha elide kangakanani unazo.
• Ukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango.
• Ndibuza ngendlela ophila ngayo.
• Buza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho (ingakumbi ukuba abazali bakho okanye abantakwenu banesifo sentliziyo).

Lonke olu lwazi lunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo sentliziyo.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo yakho nokuqinisekisa i-CAD, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi .
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo .
• I-CT coronary angiogram (i-computed tomography (CT) coronary angiogram) .
• I-MRI yentliziyo (i-magnetic resonance imaging) .
• Iskeni ye-calcium ye-coronary .
• I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - i-echo) .
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) .
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca .
• I-X-ray yesifuba .

Iphathwa njani?

Unyango lwesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo ludla ngokubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, ulawulo lwezinto ezinobungozi, kunye namayeza. Abanye abantu banokufuna utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokuchanekileyo ukuze unciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu ezivela kwi-CAD.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ludlala indima enkulu ekunyangeni isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Oku kuquka:

• Musa ukutshaya, ukuvasa, okanye ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imveliso yecuba .
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo okune-sodium encinci (ityuwa), amafutha agcweleyo, amafutha e-trans, kunye neswekile . Ukutya kweMeditera yindlela eqinisekisiweyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukuzilolonga : Zama ukuhamba (okanye ukwenza omnye umsebenzi) imizuzu engama-30, iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki.
• Nciphisa utywala .

Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga. Ugqirha wakho unokukukhokela kuyo nayiphi na indlela onokuyitshintsha ngayo indlela ophila ngayo. Banokucebisa neendlela zokukunceda uyeke ukutshaya okanye bathethe nengcali yesondlo malunga nesicwangciso sokutya esinempilo.

Ulawulo lwezinto ezinobungozi

Ukulawula izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko we-CAD kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuba imeko yakho ingabi mandundu. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukulawula ezi meko:

• Isifo seswekile .
• Igazi elonyukayo .
• I-cholesterol ephezulu .
• Ii-triglycerides eziphezulu (i-hypertriglyceridemia) .
• Ixabiso le-BMI elingaphezulu kwama-25 .

Amayeza

Amayeza anokunceda ukulawula izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kwaye anyange iimpawu zesifo semithambo yegazi. Ugqirha wakho angakunika elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwala mayeza alandelayo:

• Ezo zithoba uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Abo banciphisa i-cholesterol.
• Ezo zilawula i-angina ezinzileyo, ezifana ne -nitroglycerin kunye ne-ranolazine .
• Ezo zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Utyando kunye nezinye iinkqubo

Abanye abantu banokufuna iinkqubo okanye utyando olufana nolu ukuze kulawulwe isifo semithambo yentliziyo:

• Ukungenelela kweCoronary Percutaneous (PCI): Le yinkqubo engaphantsi kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi -coronary angioplasty . Umthambo wakho ovalekileyo uyavulwa kwakhona kwaye igazi lihamba kakuhle. Kunokufakwa i -stent ukunceda ukugcina umthambo uvulekile.
• Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG): Olu tyando ludala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lijikeleze ukuvaleka. Olu "tyando" lubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni. Utyando lweCABG lunceda abantu abavalekileyo kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi emininzi yentliziyo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Unyango lwesifo semithambo ye-coronary lunokubangela iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nezi:

• Ukopha.
• Urhudo.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi.
• Umonakalo wemithambo yentliziyo.
• Iintsholongwane.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• I-tamponade yentliziyo ( ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze intliziyo).

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Emva kwe -PCI (angioplasty) , ungaphinda uqalise imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kwiveki enye. Emva kwe -CABG (utyando lwe-bypass) , kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ixesha elingaphezu kweveki. Emva koko, kuya kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa?

Isifo semithambo yentliziyo asinakuthintelwa rhoqo kuba ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zingaphaya kwamandla akho. Kodwa ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo semithambo yentliziyo kwaye uncede ekuthinteleni ukuba siqhubeke sibi ngokuthi:

• Yenza isigqibo sokuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zecuba .
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunempilo entliziyweni.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Lumka ngengozi yokuba nesifo sentliziyo.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Shukumisa ngakumbi, sebenza.
• Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinesi sifo?

Ugqirha wakho ngoyena mntu ulungileyo onokukuxelela ngemeko yakho. Iziphumo ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela yonke into ukususela kwiminyaka yakho, ezinye iimeko zempilo, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye neempawu ukuze enze isigqibo. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye nolunye unyango lunokukunceda uphucule amathuba akho okuba ngcono.

Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Awunakukwazi "ukunyanga" ngokupheleleyo isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Kodwa ungayilawula imeko yakho kwaye uyithintele ukuba ingabi mandundu . Ngokusebenzisana nogqirha wakho kwaye ulandele isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokusondeleyo, unokwandisa amathuba akho okuphila unamandla kwaye usempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukulandela isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kungabandakanya utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye namayeza. Kungabandakanya notyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokuchacha emva koko.

Kunye nonyango, ugqirha wakho angacebisa inkqubo yokulungisa intliziyo . Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luluncedo kakhulu kubantu abachachayo kwisifo sentliziyo okanye abaphila nokusilela kwentliziyo. Ikunceda ngokuzilolonga, ukutshintsha indlela yokutya, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo.

Isifo seMithambo yeCoronary kunye nempilo yengqondo

Xa ufunyaniswa une-CAD, usenokuqala ukucinga ngakumbi ngentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi kunokuba ubuya kucinga ngenye indlela. Oku kunokuba kukudinisa kwaye kukucinezele. Usenokuziva uxhalabile kakhulu ngeempawu zakho okanye oko kuya kwenzeka kuwe. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo bafumana ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba . Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxhalabile xa uphila nesimo esisongela ubomi.

Kodwa musa ukuvumela loo nkxalabo ilawule ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ungaphila ubomi obukhutheleyo nobanelisayo nokuba unesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba ukuxilongwa kwakho kuyayichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo, thetha nomcebisi. Fumana iqela lenkxaso apho unokudibana khona nabantu abadlula kwizinto ezifanayo nezakho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzigcine kuwe zonke ezi zinto, kwaye akufuneki uzive ngathi kufuneka ube namandla kwabanye. I-CAD luxilongo olutshintsha ubomi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda konke oku kwaye uzinike ixesha lokufumana iindlela zokuhlala usempilweni, emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi na ukuze ufumane uvavanyo kunye nolandelelwano. Ukongeza ekuboneni ugqirha wakho oqhelekileyo, ungabona neengcali (umzekelo , ingcali yentliziyo ).

Thetha nogqirha wakho kule meko:

• Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu.
• Ukuba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwiyeza.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nemeko yakho okanye isicwangciso sonyango.

Ufanele ufune nini unyango olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi, fowunela ku-1990 okanye kwinombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni. Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango ezisongela ubomi ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kungaluncedo ukuprinta uluhlu lweempawu uze uzigcine apho unokuzibona khona. Kwakhona, xelela usapho lwakho nabahlobo ngezi mpawu ukuze bakwazi ukufowunela ku-1990 ukuba bafuna njalo.

Ndingayibuza ntoni ugqirha/ugqirha?

Ukuba awukafumani ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo, cinga ngokuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba ndibe sengozini yokufumana isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wam?
• Zeziphi iinguqu zendlela yokuphila ezibaluleke kakhulu kum?
• Ngawaphi amayeza anokunciphisa umngcipheko wam, kwaye zithini iziphumo zawo ezingalindelekanga?
• Ndingalithatha ixesha elingakanani eli yeza?

Ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi, le mibuzo inokukunceda:

• Ndingenza ntoni ukulawula esi sifo ukuba singabi mandundu?
• Yeyiphi isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kum?
• Zeziphi iinguqu zendlela yokuphila ekufuneka ndizenze?
• Ngawaphi amayeza endiwadingayo kwaye zithini iziphumo zawo ezingalindelekanga?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango? Ndingaphila njani?
• Ngaba kukho amaqela enkxaso okanye izixhobo onokuzicebisa?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo kunokuba yingqokelela yeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Usenokudideka malunga nendlela eyenzeke ngayo le nto. Usenokuziva ulusizi, okanye ungathanda ukuba ubuwenze izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuze uphephe olu xilongo. Kodwa eli asiloxesha lokucinga ngexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa kukucamngca ngekamva. Yeka ukuziva unetyala okanye ityala. Endaweni yoko, qala ukwenza icebo lokunceda intliziyo yakho namhlanje.

Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo olunokulawuleka. Funda ngeendlela zonyango, kuquka amayeza, kunye nendlela anokunceda ngayo impilo yentliziyo yakho. Xelela usapho lwakho nabahlobo bakho ngeenjongo zakho kunye nendlela abanokubanceda ngayo. Olu luhambo lwakho, kodwa akufuneki uhambe wedwa. Khumbula, ngolwazi olufanelekileyo, inkxaso, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle, ungaphila kakuhle nale meko.

Isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo , isifo sentliziyo, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, i-angina, i-cholesterol, imithambo yegazi evalekileyo, impilo yentliziyo