Ngaba umntwana wakho akasafani nangaphambili? Ngaba uhlala edakumbile kwaye enomsindo? Okanye ngaba uyacaphuka ngenxa yezinto ezincinci? Ngaba imidlalo nezinto azithandayo azisamncedi nganto? Njengabazali, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba sizive soyika kwaye sikhathazekile xa sibona utshintsho olunjalo. Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga, "Oku yinto eyenzekayo xa ukhula." Kodwa akunjalo rhoqo. Le meko inokuba luphawu lwesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba kukudandatheka ebantwaneni.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukudakumba kwaba bantwana?
Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana bazive belusizi kwaye benokutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo. Cinga ngale nto, xa befumana amanqaku amabi kwiimviwo okanye belwa nomhlobo, baziva belusizi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, olo sizi luyaphela, baze baqale ukonwaba kwakhona.
Kodwa ukudakumba yinto eyahlukileyo. Asikuko nje ukudakumba, yimeko yempilo. Umntwana oxinezelekileyo uziva edakumbile, enomsindo, kwaye engenamdla kwinto engaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukulala kwakhe, ukutya, kunye nolwalamano nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Basenokuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto ababezithanda ngaphambili, njengokudlala imidlalo okanye ukuzoba. Kwiimeko ezinzima, banokuba neengcinga zokuzilimaza.
Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo. Nangona ukudakumba kuyinkinga enkulu, kukho unyango olusebenzayo lokuyinyanga.
Ziziphi iintlobo zoxinzelelo abantwana abanokuzifumana?
Uxinzelelo aluzi ngohlobo oluthile okanye olunye. Luza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zezona zixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni.
| Uhlobo loxinzelelo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ingxaki Enkulu Yokudakumba | Le yimeko esiyaziyo sonke njenge "depression". Umntwana uhlala elusizi kwaye engenathemba. Uba nomsindo nakwizinto ezincinci. Indlela yakhe yokulala iyatshintsha (nokuba akalali okanye ulala kakhulu). Ufuna ukuba yedwa, kude nabahlobo nosapho. |
| Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Ngaphambi Kokuya Exesheni (PMDD) | Le meko iyenzeka kumantombazana, ingakumbi emva kokuba exesheni okokuqala. Malunga neveki ngaphambi kokuba exesheni, afumana iimpawu zokudakumba nokuxhalaba. Akhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, anomsindo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye anengxaki yokugxila. Iimpawu zomzimba zingabandakanya iintlungu zesisu, iintlungu zomzimba, ukuthamba kwamabele, kunye nokudinwa. |
| Isifo Sokuchaphazeleka Kwexesha Lonyaka (SAD) | Iimpawu ziyafana nezo zokudakumba okukhulu, kodwa ziyafika zidlule ngokuhamba kwexesha. Zihlala zibonakala xa lina, linamafu, okanye limnyama. Nangona kunjalo, zinokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha. |
| Ingxaki Yokuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo Eziphazamisayo | Aba bantwana badla ngokuba neengxolo eziqatha baze benze izinto ngendlela engafanelanga iminyaka yabo. Basenokuhlasela abanye ngamazwi okanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Xa umntwana wakho enomsindo, usenokungacingi ukuba ulusizi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale ndlela yokuziphatha. Esi simo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala. |
| I-Dysthymia | Le yimeko engembi kangako kune-major depression, kodwa ihlala ixesha elide. Iimpawu zinokuvela zize zidlule ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, unokucinga, "Kunjalo kanye ebantwaneni." Kodwa kukho nonyango loku. |
Kutheni abantwana bexinezeleka?
Akukho sizathu sinye soxinzelelo ebantwaneni, kodwa iingcali zikholelwa ukuba indibaniselwano yemfuza kunye nezinto ezingqongileyo zinegalelo kule meko.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko:
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwabo noodadewabo) linesifo sokudakumba, umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nalo.
- Iziganeko zobomi ezibuhlungu: ukwahlukana kwabazali, ukufa kwelungu losapho, ukufuduka kwindlu, ukutshintsha isikolo, njl.
- Ukuxhaphaza esikolweni: Ukuxhaphaza ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwengqondo kwabanye abantwana kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu engqondweni yomntwana.
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Abantwana abaphila neemeko zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sokuwa, kunye ne-asthma basengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo.
- Utshintsho lweekhemikhali engqondweni: Uxinzelelo lunokubangelwa kukungalingani kweekhemikhali (ii-neurotransmitters) engqondweni yethu ezilawula iimvakalelo ezifana nolonwabo kunye nosizi.
- Ukufikisa: Iimeko zengqondo zabantwana zinokutshintsha ngotshintsho lweehomoni ezenzeka ngeli xesha.
Uyazi njani ukuba umntwana une-depression?
Ukuba unenkxalabo ngomntwana wakho, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho. Ugqirha uza kuqala ajonge ukuba kukho unobangela wotshintsho lwengqondo lomntwana wakho.
Kuba iimpawu zezinye izifo zinokufana nokudakumba. Umzekelo:
- I-anemia
- Iingxaki ze-thyroid (i-Hypothyroidism)
- Ukunqongophala kweVithamin D
- Isifo seswekile
Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho sizathu somzimba, ugqirha uza kukuthumela wena nomntwana wakho kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, efana nengcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana okanye ingcali yezengqondo.
Apho, ingcali iya kukubuza imibuzo wena nomntwana wakho, kwaye ifumane ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye neemvakalelo zakhe. Banokufumana nolwazi kootitshala bomntwana wakho. Konke oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokudakumba okanye akunjalo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lokudakumba?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lokudakumba ebantwaneni: unyango lokuthetha kunye namayeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphumo ezilungileyo zifumaneka xa zombini iindlela zonyango zisetyenziswa kunye.
1. Unyango lokuthetha
Oku kusebenzisa kakhulu indlela ebizwa ngokuba yiCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Ngamafutshane, kunceda umntwana ukuba abone iipatheni zengcinga ezimbi aze azitshintshe zibe zezakhayo. Kufundisa umntwana iindlela zokulawula iimvakalelo zakhe, ukujongana neengxaki, kunye nokuzola.
2. Amayeza
Ukuba ugqirha ugqiba kwelokuba kuyimfuneko, uza kunika amayeza okunyanga ukudakumba. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwamayeza anikwa abantwana yi -SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). La mayeza asebenza ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin, ikhemikhali engqondweni echaphazela ulonwabo lwethu. Ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zamayeza anikwa abantwana zezi:
- I-Fluoxetine (Prozac®)
- I-Sertraline (iZoloft®)
- I-Paroxetine (iPaxil®)
Njengazo zonke amayeza, le inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ungaze uyeke ukunika umntwana wakho amayeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Ukwenza njalo kunokwenza imeko yomntwana wakho ibe mandundu.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza kunye nento omawuyenze | |
|---|---|
| Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyenzeka, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. | |
| - Ukusabela kwe-allergy | - Umkhuhlane ophezulu |
| - Igazi esitulweni | - Intlungu yesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla |
| - Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okungahambelaniyo | - Isiyezi, ukuba nentloko ekhaphukhaphu |
| - Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni, iintlungu zamehlo | - Iingcinga zokuzilimaza okanye ukuwohloka kwengqondo yakho |
| Ezi zifo zihlala ziphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa (kodwa yazisa ugqirha wakho). | |
| - Utshintsho ekutyeni | - Ukungalali okanye ukozela kakhulu |
| - Umlomo owomileyo | - Intloko ebuhlungu |
| - Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, urhudo | - Iingxolo |
Njengomzali, ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam?
Inkxaso nothando lomntwana wakho lubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha linzima. Zininzi izinto ezibalulekileyo onokuzenza.
- Mamela umntwana wakho: Mamela ngononophelo oko akuthethayo. Hlonipha iimvakalelo zakhe. Musa ukuyityeshela imibuzo yakhe ngokumbuza ukuba "Yintoni leyo?"
- Yiba nomonde: Unyango luthatha ixesha ukubonisa iziphumo. Ngoko ke yiba nomonde. Musa ukumnyanzela umntwana wakho.
- Gcina irekhodi lotshintsho lomntwana wakho: Gcina ijenali yokulala komntwana wakho, ukutya kwakhe, indlela aziphatha ngayo, kunye nemiphumo emibi yamayeza. Oku kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu xa undwendwela ugqirha.
- Yenza imeko-bume ilungileyo: Yenza imeko-bume yasekhaya ibe yindawo ekhuselekileyo nexhasa umntwana. Musa ukuvusa iingxabano zosapho phambi komntwana.
- Mfundise imikhwa emihle: Mqeqeshe umntwana wakho yonke imihla, mnike ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye umncede alale ngokwaneleyo.
- Zikhathalele: Eli lingaba lixesha elinzima kuwe. Ngoko ke cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo. Funa ingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ndifanele ndifune nini unyango ngokukhawuleza?
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba imeko yomntwana itshintsha ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, ukuba uneengxaki zokulala ezinzulu, okanye ukuba uyala ukuya esikolweni iintsuku ezingaphezu kwesihlanu, bonana nogqirha.
Kwakhona, ungaze ulibazise kwiimeko ezilandelayo ezigqithisileyo:
Ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha, ubhala, okanye ubonisa ezo ndlela zokuziphatha, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ungamsa umntwana wakho kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane. Okanye utsalele umnxeba kwi-National Institute of Mental Health's hotline ku-1926 ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
Le meko ayilotyala lakho okanye lomntwana wakho. Sisifo esinokuchaphazela nabani na. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nothando lwakho kunye nenkxaso, umntwana wakho angaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo kwakhona.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba ebantwaneni akupheleli nje ekubandezelekeni, kodwa yimeko yezonyango efuna unyango.
- Nika ingqalelo kutshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo nakwimo yakhe yeemvakalelo oluthatha iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini.
- Asikuko oku okubangelwa ngumntwana okanye nguwe. Ngoko ke ungazibeki tyala.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungalibazisi kwaye udibane nogqirha womntwana wakho. Kukho unyango olusebenzayo.
- Uthando lwakho, umonde, kunye nenkxaso yakho ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango zibalulekile ukuze umntwana wakho aphile ngokukhawuleza.
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