Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala ebaleka, etsiba, engaphulaphuli into oyithethayo, engawunaki umsebenzi wesikolo? Njengomzali, usenokuziva uxhalabile kwaye mhlawumbi ungenakuncedakala ngenxa yezi zinto. Ngokwezonyango sibiza le meko ngokuthi
yi-ADHD , emele
i-Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha le meko ye-ADHD ayizi yodwa. Kusenokubakho ezinye iingxaki zengqondo okanye zokuziphatha ezihambisana nayo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba
yi-complex ADHD .
I-ADHD "inzima" njani?
Ngamafutshane, xa umntwana efunyaniswa ene-ADHD kwaye enesinye okanye ezinye iimeko, sibiza ngokuba yi-ADHD eyenzeka kunye. Enyanisweni, uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga
nabantwana ababini kwabathathu abane-ADHD banesinye isifo ubuncinane esinye. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuqonda nokunyanga umntwana wakho. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezinye iimeko eziqhele ukubonwa kwi-ADHD.
| Imeko enokwenzeka nge-ADHD | Ukuchaza ngokulula... |
|---|
| Ingxaki Yokuchasana Nokuchasana (ODD) | Iindlela zokuziphatha ezifana nokusoloko uxabana nabantu abadala, ukwenza izinto ngaphandle kwemithetho, ukukhathaza abanye ngabom, kunye nokucaphuka ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba | Ndihlala ndiziva ndinoloyiko kwaye ndixhalabile ngokungeyomfuneko. Ndihlala ndiziva ndinoloyiko ngekamva, ngabantu, ngawe. |
| Uxinzelelo | Ukuziva ulusizi kwaye udandathekile ixesha elide. Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela. |
| Iingxaki ze-Autism Spectrum | Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye abantu, ukugcina ubudlelwane nabantu, nokuphindaphinda izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. |
| Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo | Ukungabikho kwezakhono zokucinga ezifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka, izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nomsebenzi wokuzimela. |
| I-Tics/Tourette Syndrome | Ukushukumisa amalungu omzimba ngokuphindaphindiweyo (umz., amehlo, izandla) okanye ukwenza izandi abangenakukwazi ukuzilawula. |
| Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi | Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngenxa yokungakhathali okubangelwa yi-ADHD. |
Indlela iimpawu ezidibana ngayo kunye nendlela yokuzibona
Nawuphi na umntwana uyagungqa kwaye kunzima ukunikel’ ingqalelo ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa kwi-ADHD, ezi mpawu zidlula ukugungqa okuqhelekileyo.
Zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumsebenzi wesikolo womntwana, ubomi basekhaya, kunye nolwalamano lwakhe nabahlobo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa kumntwana one-ADHD ziquka:
- Ukuthetha kakhulu.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala kwindawo enye unikel’ ingqalelo.
- Zibangela iingxaki kwabanye abantwana nakubantu abadala.
- Izinto zihlala zilityalwa kwaye zilahlekile.
- Ukuthatha amanyathelo anobungozi ngaphandle kokucinga ( ukungxama ).
- Ndisoloko ndenza iimpazamo ezincinci.
Ingxaki kukuba iimpawu zezinye iimeko esizixubushileyo apha ngasentla zifana kakhulu nezi mpawu ze-ADHD, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlula phakathi kwazo.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana akaqhubi kakuhle esikolweni, kusenokuba ngenxa yengxaki yokungakwazi ukuqwalasela izinto kakuhle (ADHD), okanye kusenokuba kukukhubazeka kokufunda. Ngokufanayo, ukuba umntwana uhlala enomsindo kwaye esokola, kusenokuba luphawu lwe-ADHD, okanye kusenokuba luphawu lwe-ODD.
Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo le meko?
Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga i-ADHD enzima. Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni. Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ingcali enamava akhethekileyo kwezi meko. Ngoobani aba ngcali?
Le ngcali iza kukubuza wena nomntwana wakho malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nembali yakhe yempilo. Baza kusebenzisa imibuzo ekhethekileyo kunye novavanyo oluyilelwe ukufumanisa i-ADHD kunye nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko.
Ulwazi oluvela kuwe, kootitshala bomntwana wakho, kunye nabanye abamazi kakuhle umntwana wakho lubaluleke kakhulu apha. Uyazi kakuhle indlela esi sifo esichaphazela ngayo ubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntwana wakho.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Ukunyanga umntwana one-ADHD enzima ngumzamo weqela. Akunakwenziwa ngugqirha omnye eyedwa. Iingcali ezahlukeneyo zisebenza kunye ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esijongana neemfuno zomntwana ezizodwa. Unyango ludla ngokuqala
ngemeko ebangela iingxaki ezininzi kumntwana. Isenokuba yi-ADHD, okanye isenokuba yenye imeko, efana ne-ODD okanye ixhala. Isicwangciso sonyango sidla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yezi zinto.
1. Amayeza
Ayinguye wonke umntwana ofuna amayeza, kodwa kwabanye abantwana, amayeza ayinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwisicwangciso sonyango.
- Amayeza okuvuselela ingqondo: Amayeza afana ne- 'Methylphenidate ' (umz. iRitalin, iConcerta) kunye ne- 'Amphetamine ' (umz. iAdderall ) anceda kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD, ezikukungakhathali, ukusebenza kakhulu , kunye nokungakhathali. La mayeza ngamanye amaxesha anokunceda kwiimpawu ze-ODD.
- Amayeza okudakumba: Ukuba uneemeko ezifana nokuxhalaba nokudakumba, la mayeza angasetyenziswa kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba onke la mayeza afanele anikwe kuphela phantsi kweliso lengcali .
2. Inkxaso Yengqondo Nezentlalo
Oku kubhekisa kwiindlela zokuziphatha nezokufundisa ezinceda umntwana ukuba asebenze kakuhle kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Ukubonelela ngokuqonda: Umntwana kunye nosapho banikwa ukuqonda okucacileyo ngemeko kunye nonyango.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha: Lufundisa umntwana ukuqonda nokulawula iimvakalelo zakhe kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe.
- Uqeqesho lwezakhono zokulungelelanisa: Lunceda umntwana ukuba ahlele imisebenzi yakhe nezinto zakhe.
- Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo: Uqeqesho lunikezelwa ngendlela yokunxibelelana kakuhle nabanye, ukwenza abahlobo, kunye nokuziphatha eluntwini.
3. Amaqhinga eSikolo
Zininzi izinto ezinokwenziwa ngootitshala ukunceda aba bantwana. Banokunceda ekulawuleni ukuziphatha komntwana wabo ngokubonisa ngokucacileyo imithetho yeklasi, babancome xa beziphatha kakuhle, baze bathethe ngokucacileyo ngemiphumo yokuziphatha kakubi. Ukongeza, kwabanye abantwana, isikolo sinokuphuhlisa into efana
neNkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye (IEP) .
4. Uqeqesho lwabazali
Ungoyena mntu ubalulekileyo kolu hambo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufumane uqeqesho malunga nendlela yokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wakho. Ungafunda ezi zinto zilandelayo kwezi nkqubo:
- Indlela yokulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha komntwana wakho ekhaya, esikolweni, nasekuhlaleni.
- Indlela yokwenza iseti yemithetho eqinileyo kunye neenkqubo ekhaya.
- Indlela yokumncoma nokukhuthaza umntwana wakho ngendlela eyakhayo xa esenza into elungileyo (umz., ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo, ukungalwi nomntakwabo) (Ukuqinisa Izinto) .
- Xa wenze impazamo, ungayifumana njani imiphumo efanelekileyo.
Yintoni esinokuyilindela kwixesha elizayo?
Ukunyanga i-ADHD enzima luhambo olude. Abanye abantwana abaphumi ngokupheleleyo kwezi meko njengoko bekhula. Basenokuqhubeka bejongene nemingeni yeemvakalelo, yentlalo, neyokufunda xa bebadala. Kodwa
iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngenkxaso efanelekileyo neqhubekayo, aba bantwana banokufunda ukuphila nale mingeni. Ngokujonga indlela yonyango kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula komntwana, ukuyilungisa njengoko kufuneka, nokubonelela ngenkxaso eqhubekayo, umntwana unethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela esikolweni nangaphaya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD enzima kukubakho kwe-ADHD kunye nenye okanye ezinye iingxaki zengqondo okanye zokuziphatha.
- Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ziyafana, ukufumanisa le meko kunzima kwaye kufuna uncedo lweengcali.
- Unyango luyinzame yeqela. Luquka amayeza, unyango lokuziphatha, inkxaso yesikolo, kunye noqeqesho lwabazali.
- Nangona olu luhambo olude, ngenkxaso eqhubekayo nefanelekileyo, umntwana wakho angaphila ubomi obunempumelelo.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, nceda uthethe nogqirha wakho.
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