Ngaba uhlala uziva unzima, udakumbile, okanye unesizungu? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukufumanise ukuba unesifo sokudakumba waza wakuyalela ukuba uqale ukuthatha amayeza aso. Abanye abantu bayoyika kancinci xa besiva ngale mithi. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngaba ndiza kuba likhoboka lale mithi?" kunye nokuthi "Ngaba kukho iziphumo ezininzi ebezingalindelekanga?" ifika engqondweni. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngala mayeza okudakumba, okanye `(Antidepressants)`, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Lithini eli yeza lokunyanga ukudakumba?
Ngamafutshane, la ngamayeza anikwa ngugqirha wakho ukunyanga uxinzelelo. Xa ugqirha wakho efumanise ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo esiphakathi ukuya kwesikhulu, la mayeza anokunikwa eyedwa okanye adityaniswe nonyango/ingcebiso yokuthetha.
Kwakhona, la mayeza awasetyenziselwa kuphela ukudakumba, kodwa asetyenziselwa nezinye iingxaki ezininzi zempilo yengqondo.
- Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)
- Ukoyika Abantu
- Ingxaki yoXinzelelo
- Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Okuqhelekileyo (i-GAD)
- Ingxaki yoXinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD)
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha basebenzisa la mayeza kwezinye iimeko zempilo ngaphandle kwezo bavunyelweyo kuzo. Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo ezindala zemithi yokudakumba (iiTricyclic Antidepressants) ngamanye amaxesha zinikwa iintlungu, ukungalali, kwanentloko ebuhlungu.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zala mayeza?
La mayeza awela kwiindidi ezininzi eziphambili. Udidi ngalunye lusebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
1. Ii-SSRI (Ii-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwamayeza anikwa oogqirha abaninzi ehlabathini ngoku. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uza kunikwa elinye lala mayeza kuqala kuba alinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kangako.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza kakuhle | Iyanyusa amanqanaba e-chemical messenger serotonin engqondweni, nto leyo ephucula imeko yengqondo. |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Ukucaphuka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu, ukungalali okanye ukozela, ukuncipha komnqweno wesondo. (Oku kudla ngokuphela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa zokuqala). |
| Imizekelo | I-Fluoxetine, iSertraline, iCitalopram, i-Escitalopram |
2. Ii-SNRI (iiSerotonin kunye neeNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Olu lolunye uhlobo lwamayeza, njengee-SSRI, adla ngokunikezelwa njengonyango lokuqala.
Ukunciphisa isicaphucaphu esivela kula mayeza, ukuthatha amayeza kunye nokutya licebo elihle.
- Isenzo: Oku kunyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine ebuchotsheni.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo: isicaphucaphu, umlomo owomileyo, ukubila, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu.
- Imizekelo: iVenlafaxine, iDuloxetine, iDesvenlafaxine.
3. Ii-TCA (iiTricyclic Antidepressants)
La luhlobo lwamayeza oludala. Oogqirha abawasebenzisi rhoqo kule mihla. Isizathu kukuba anezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye umngcipheko wokusebenzisa kakhulu amayeza uphezulu ukuba idosi inyusiwe.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha ujonga olu hlobo lwamayeza kubantu abanesifo sokudakumba okukhulu abangaphenduliyo kumayeza anjengee-SSRI kunye nee-SNRI.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo: umlomo owomileyo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuqhina, ubunzima bokuchama, ukozela, ukutyeba.
- Imizekelo: i-Amitriptyline, i-Imipramine, i-Clomipramine.
4. Ii-MAOI (ii-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Eli yayiliyeza lokuqala lokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko ukufunyanwa. Eli lisetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba kufuneka ulandele imithetho engqongqo malunga nokutya nokusela xa usebenzisa la mayeza.
Khumbula, ezinye izinto zokutya eziqhelekileyo (umz. itshizi, ezinye iintlobo zesoseji, isosi yesoya) zinokusabela kule mithi, nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka okungalindelekanga nokuyingozi koxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngoko ke ukuba unikwa le mithi, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika uluhlu olude lwezinto ezilungileyo nezimbi onokuzitya. Kwakhona, le mithi ayinikwa kunye nezinye izidambisi-ntlungu.
Iqala njani ukusebenza iyeza?
Lo ngumbuzo onomdla kakhulu. Izazinzulu azikayazi ngokupheleleyo indlela eli yeza elisebenza ngayo. Kodwa le yeyona ndlela ingcono esiyiqondayo ngoku.
Ii-neurotransmitters zezona zithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yethu.Ngeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. Zicinge ezi njengezithunywa ezincinci. Engqondweni yomntu oxinezelekileyo, umsebenzi wezinye zezi zithunywa ezilawula imood (umz., iSerotonin, iNorepinephrine, iDopamine) unokuncipha.
Amayeza okudakumba asebenza ngokwenza ezi zithunywa zihlale kwindawo ephakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (i-synapse) ixesha elide. Oko kukuthi, zonyusa ukusebenza kwezo zithunywa. Oku kukuphucula kancinci kancinci isimo sengqondo kwaye kunciphise iimpawu zokudakumba.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awufumani ziphumo ngoko nangoko ngale mithi. Kungathatha iiveki ezi-6-8 ukuba uninzi lwamayeza lusebenze ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde kwaye uqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela.
Ezona ngozi zinkulu nezinto ekufuneka uzilumkele
Nangona uninzi lwala mayeza lukhuselekile, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka siziqaphele ngokuqinisekileyo.
| Amanqaku akhethekileyo ekufuneka aqatshelwe | |
|---|---|
| Iingcinga zokuzibulala (Umngcipheko wokuzibulala) | Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Amanye amayeza okudakumba, ingakumbi kubantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25, afunyenwe enyusa iingcinga zokuzibulala kwiiveki zokuqala zokuqala zokuqalisa amayeza okanye xa idosi itshintshiwe . Yiyo loo nto benayo 'iBlack Box Warning'. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi ngcinga, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwisebe lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU). Ungatsalela umnxeba inombolo yoncedo lwezempilo yengqondo kazwelonke engu-1926 ukuze ufumane uncedo. |
| Isifo sokuyeka ukuzibandakanya | Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha eli yeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukungaboni kakuhle, ukungakwazi ukulala, kunye nokuziva unomsindo. Le meko ingabuya kwakhona. Ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa eli yeza, yenza njalo phantsi kweliso likagqirha wakho, uze unciphise kancinci umthamo. |
| Isifo seSerotonin | Oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba e-serotonin engqondweni enyuka ngokungeyomfuneko. Ukuba iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukungcangcazela komzimba, ixhala elingachazekiyo, ukubila, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza kuvela, yingxamiseko. Kufuneka uye kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko. |
| Oomama abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo | Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, ukhulelwe, okanye uncancisa, qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngale mithi nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Isigqibo esifanelekileyo kukuxoxa ngemingcipheko kunye neenzuzo kuwe nakumntwana wakho. |
Ndingayikhetha njani iyeza elifanelekileyo kum?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Usenokungafumani amayeza afanelekileyo kwangoko. Kufana nokukhetha izihlangu. Ezinye zixinene kakhulu, ezinye zinkulu kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka uzame ezimbalwa ude ufumane ezifanelekileyo.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akhethe amayeza emva kokuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, ezifana nohlobo lweempawu zakho, ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo, amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokunyamezela kwakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ukuba awukaziva bhetele emva kweeveki ezi-6-8, okanye ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezikhathazayo, ungabi nantloni okanye woyike ukuxelela ugqirha wakho. Usenokukwazi ukulungisa umthamo, ukongeza elinye iyeza, okanye ukutshintshela kwelinye iyeza ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuqhelekile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amayeza okudakumba lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu loxinzelelo oluphakathi ukuya kolunzima. Alukhobokisi.
- Eli yeza lifanele lisetyenziswe kuphela xa kucetyiswe ngugqirha. Musa ukulithatha ngokungaziyo iyeza elithathwa ngumhlobo wakho okanye ulithenge kwikhemesti.
- Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe. Ngoko ke yiba nomonde, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho, kwaye unamathele kunyango lwakho.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukuba uyeka, yeka kancinci kancinci.
- Ukuba uneengcinga zokuzibulala ngexesha lokuqala ukusebenzisa amayeza, musa ukuzama ukuzifihla.Funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1926. Awuwedwa, uncedo luyafumaneka.
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