Masifunde yonke into malunga neDiabetes Mellitus ngokulula nangokuchanekileyo!

Isifo seswekile sisifo esithethwa ngabantu abaninzi namhlanje, mhlawumbi sisoyikisa kancinci engqondweni yakho. Abanye abantu basibiza ngokuba 'sisifo seswekile'. Yintoni kanye kanye isifo seswekile? Masithethe ngaso ngokucacileyo, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Musa ukoyika, wakuba usiqonde kakuhle, ukusilawula asiyonto inkulu.

Ngamafutshane, isifo seswekile sisifo apho amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho (okanye iglucose ) ehlala ephezulu. Oku kwenzeka kuba i-pancreas yakho ayivelisi ngokwaneleyo i-hormone insulin , okanye kuba iiseli zomzimba wakho aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin eyenzayo. Ingakhula nangaliphi na ixesha. Iintlobo ezininzi zesifo seswekile zihlala ixesha elide (zihlala ixesha elide), kodwa zonke iintlobo zinokulawulwa ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Imizimba yethu ifumana uninzi lweglucose yayo, okanye iswekile, ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukutya okuqulethe iicarbohydrate (ezifana nerayisi, isonka, kunye neelekese). Le glucose yeyona fuel iphambili enika amandla kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Ifana nepetroli yemoto. Ngoko ke, le glucose kufuneka ingene kwiiseli ezivela egazini ukuze yenze amandla. Cinga ngeglucose njengomntu ozama ukungena endlwini, kwaye ufuna isitshixo ukuze angene kuloo ndlu. Eso sitshixo yi-insulin. Le hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin yenziwa sisitho sethu esibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas.

Ngoku, ukuba i-pancreas yakho ayivelisi esi sitshixo se-insulin ngokwaneleyo, okanye ukuba iyayenza, kodwa iiseli zomzimba wakho azivuli ucango ngokufanelekileyo (oko kukuthi, aziphenduli kwi-insulin ngokufanelekileyo), loo glucose ayinakungena kwiiseli. Emva koko yonke loo glucose iyaqokelelana egazini, kwaye inqanaba leswekile egazini liyanyuka. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiswekile ephezulu egazini (i-hyperglycemia) .

Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini ahlala ephezulu ixesha elide, iingxaki ezininzi zempilo zinokuvela, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, kunye neengxaki zamehlo.

Igama lezonyango lesifo seswekile yiDiabetes Mellitus . Kukho esinye isifo esinegama elithi 'iswekile' kuso, esibizwa ngokuba yiDiabetes Insipidus . Kodwa sahluke kakhulu kwisifo seswekile esithetha ngaso. Igama elithi 'iswekile' linikwe bobabini kuba bobabini babangela ukoma kakhulu kunye nokuchama rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, iDiabetes Insipidus ayifumaneki lula.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zesifo seswekile

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili zesifo seswekile. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngala magama.

Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo seswekile. Luvela xa umzimba wakho ungavelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo, okanye iiseli zomzimba wakho zingaphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungavumi i-insulin.Khawuthelekelele ukuba unesitshixo, kodwa isitshixo socango sinomhlwa kwaye asisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka nakubantwana abancinci.

I-prediabetes

Eli linqanaba elingaphambi kokuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho aphezulu kunesiqhelo, kodwa akaphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Kufana nokukhanya okumthubi, uphawu lwesilumkiso . Ukuba uyilawula kakuhle kweli nqanaba, unokuthintela okanye ulibazise ukuphuhliswa kwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.

Uhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo seswekile

Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba . Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela, ngesizathu esingaziwayo, ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas yakho. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela inkampu yethu. Malunga ne-10% yabantu abanesifo seswekile banalo olu hlobo. Sihlala sifunyanwa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci, kodwa sinokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

Isifo Seswekile Sokukhulelwa

Olu luhlobo lwesifo seswekile esikhula kubafazi abathile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Sihlala siphela emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini ebomini bakho.

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo ziphambili, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zesifo seswekile. Zinqabile kancinci, kodwa kulungile ukuzazi.

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c: Oku kwenzeka xa kukho umonakalo (hayi umonakalo we-autoimmune) kwi-pancreas yakho, nto leyo echaphazela amandla ayo okwenza i-insulin. Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-pancreatitis, umhlaza we-pancreas, i-cystic fibrosis, kunye ne-hemochromatosis zinokubangela le meko. Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile lunokwenzeka nokuba i-pancreas isuswe ngotyando (pancreatectomy).
• Isifo Seswekile Esizimele Sokuzikhusela Kwabantu Abadala (i-LADA): Oku kubangelwa nayimpendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba, njengesifo Seswekile Sohlobo 1, kodwa sikhula kubantu abadala kakhulu kunohlobo 1. Abantu abafunyaniswe bene-LADA badla ngokuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
• Isifo Seswekile Sokukhula Kwabantwana Abaselula (MODY): Esi sikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esibangelwa yi-monogenic . Sibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okudlulela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Olu tshintsho luchaphazela indlela umzimba wakho ovelisa kwaye usebenzisa ngayo i-insulin. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ze-MODY. Malunga ne-5% yabantu abanesifo seswekile banokuba nolu hlobo, kwaye luhlala lusenzeka kwiintsapho.
• Isifo Seswekile Seentsana Ezisandul’ Ukuzalwa:Olu luhlobo lwesifo seswekile olungaqhelekanga kakhulu oluvela kwiintsana ezincinci kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi. Olu luhlobo lwesifo seswekile esibangelwa yi-monogenic.
• Isifo seswekile esibizwa ngokuba yiBrittle Diabetes: Olu luhlobo olubi lwesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Sibonakaliswa ziziganeko ezixhaphakileyo nezinzima zeswekile ephezulu egazini kunye neswekile ephantsi egazini.

Ixhaphake Kangakanani Isifo Seswekile?

Isifo seswekile sisifo esixhaphakileyo kunokuba unokucinga. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela ziphila nesifo seswekile. Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba inani labantu abanesifo seswekile liyanda nakwilizwe lethu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo seswekile? (Zithini iimpawu zesifo seswekile?)

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo seswekile. Kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo onokuthi uzibone. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukoma okugqithisileyo rhoqo (i-polydipsia) kunye nomlomo owomileyo.
• Ukusoloko ufuna ukuchama (ingakumbi ebusuku)
• Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa nangona ulele kakuhle.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo (ingakumbi kwisifo seswekile sohlobo 1)
• Ukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelela kwamalungu omzimba.
• Amanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola.
• Usulelo lwe-yeast oluhlala lusenzeka kulusu kunye/okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba iimpawu zahluka njani kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo seswekile:

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1:

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 zingabonakala ngokukhawuleza, kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ziqala ngeempawu zengxaki eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi -Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . I-DKA yimeko esongela ubomi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Iimpawu ze-DKA ziquka ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, ivumba leziqhamo ekuphefumleni, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye ne-prediabetes:

Kwezi ntlobo, usenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke. Okanye usenokungaziboni kuba iimpawu ziqala kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo olulula lwegazi lunokubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini. Olunye uphawu lwesifo seswekile sangaphambi kokuba sivele kubumnyama besikhumba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho (ezifana nentamo yakho namakhwapha). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -acanthosis nigricans .

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa:

Usenokungaziboni iimpawu zesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuvavanya phakathi kweeveki ezingama-24 nezingama-28 zokukhulelwa.

Yintoni Ebangela Isifo Seswekile?

Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo seswekile, isifo seswekile senzeka xa amazinga eswekile egazini lakho ephezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, unobangela wale nqanaba liphezulu leswekile egazini uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweswekile.

Nazi izizathu eziphambili:

• Ukuxhathisa i-insulin: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Ingabangelwa kukutyeba kakhulu, ukungazilolongi, ukutya okungafanelekanga, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, iimpembelelo zemfuza, kunye namayeza athile.
• Isifo Sokuzikhusela Ngokwasemzimbeni: Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile kunye ne-LADA zenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas yakho.
• Ukungalingani kweeHormonal: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iihomoni ezikhutshwa yi-placenta zinokubangela ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin. Kwakhona, ezinye izifo ezinxulumene neehomoni ezifana ne -acromegaly kunye ne-Cushing's syndrome zinokubangela isifo seswekile.
• Umonakalo wePancreatic: Umonakalo obonakalayo kwipancreas unokuchaphazela amandla ayo okuvelisa i-insulin, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c.
• Utshintsho kwiGenetic: Utshintsho oluthile kwiGenetic lunokubangela isifo seswekile seMODY kunye nosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa.

Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile (umz., amayeza e-HIV/AIDS, ii-corticosteroids) nako kunokubangela isifo seswekile.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo seswekile? (Zithini iingxaki zesifo seswekile?)

Ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezininzi ezibukhali nezihlala ixesha elide zinokwenzeka.

Iingxaki eziqatha zesifo seswekile:

Ezi zinokuba yingozi ebomini kwaye zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo:

• Imeko yeHyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS): Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aba phezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu kunye nokudideka.
• I-Ketoacidosis enxulumene nesifo seswekile (i-DKA): Xa umzimba ungenayo i-insulin, amafutha ayatshiswa ukuze kwenziwe ii-ketones, nto leyo eyenza igazi libe ne-asidi.
• I-hypoglycemia enzima: Inqanaba leswekile egazini eliphantsi kakhulu. Ixhaphakile kubantu abasebenzisa i-insulin. Unyango lwe-glucagon olukhawulezileyo lunokufuneka.

Iingxaki zexesha elide zesifo seswekile:

Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini ahlala ephezulu ixesha elide, imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo ziyakonakala.

• Iingxaki zenkqubo yentliziyo: Isifo semithambo yegazi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, istroke, i-atherosclerosis.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (i-Neuropathies): ukungaziva, iintlungu.
• I-Nephropathy: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Isifo samehlo (i-Retinopathy): ubumfama.
• Iingxaki zeenyawo ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile, usulelo lolusu, kunye nokunqunyulwa kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo, i-gastroparesis, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, iingxaki zempilo yomlomo (umz., isifo se-periodontal).

Ukuphila nesifo seswekile kunokuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile banamathuba amaninzi okufumana uxinzelelo .

Ifunyanwa Njani Isifo Seswekile?

Oogqirha baxilonga isifo seswekile ngokujonga amanqanaba eglucose yakho ngesampuli yegazi. Kukho iimvavanyo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Uvavanyo lweGlucose egazini lokuzila ukutya: Uvavanyo olwenziwe emva kokuzila ukutya iiyure ezisi-8.
• Uvavanyo lweGlucose egazini olungaqhelekanga: Lungenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha.
• Uvavanyo lwe-A1c (uvavanyo lwe-HbA1c): Lubonisa amanqanaba aphakathi eswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo.

Uvavanyo lokunyamezela i-glucose ngomlomo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Iphathwa njani isifo seswekile?

Kukho iinkalo ezine eziphambili zolawulo lwesifo seswekile:

• Ukujonga iswekile egazini: Oku kungenziwa nge-glucose meter okanye i-continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
• Amayeza esifo seswekile somlomo: Amayeza afana neMetformin, adla ngokunikwa isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye nesifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba sisetyenziswe.
• I-Insulin: Ibalulekile kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Abanye abaguli bohlobo lwesibini nabo bayayidinga. Ingathathwa njengesirinji, ipeni, ipompo, okanye i-insulin ephefumliweyo.
• Ukutya: Ukutya okunempiloKwaye ukubala iicarbohydrate kubalulekile.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kwandisa uvakalelo lwe-insulin.

Kwakhona, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili isifo seswekile

Ikamva lesifo seswekile lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo, indlela esilawulwa ngayo, ubudala bokuxilongwa kwaso, ezinye izifo, kunye neengxaki.

Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni xa unesifo seswekile. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka utshintshe indlela ophila ngayo, wenze umthambo rhoqo, ulawule indlela otya ngayo, kwaye uvavanye iswekile rhoqo egazini.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukugcina amanqanaba e-A1c angaphantsi kwe-7% kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Ndingayithintela njani isifo seswekile?

Iintlobo zesifo seswekile ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni kunye nezofuzo azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, unganciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile sangaphambi kwexesha, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, kunye nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo (umz. ukutya kwaseMeditera ).
• Yiba nomdla womzimba (ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki).
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Lawula uxinzelelo.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo.
• Yeka ukutshaya.

Ndifanele Ndimbone Nini Umboneleli Wam Wezempilo?

Ukuba awukafumani zimpawu zesifo seswekile, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu zesifo seswekile (umz., ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo).

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, bonana nogqirha okuncedayo ukulawula isifo sakho seswekile (umz., ingcali ye-endocrinologist) rhoqo.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukufunyaniswa unesifo seswekile sisiganeko esitshintsha ubomi. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba awunakuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo. Ukulawula isifo seswekile kufuna unonophelo oluqhubekayo kunye nengqalelo. Nangona kunokubonakala kunzima ekuqaleni, ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kuqonda ngcono indlela yokulawula esi sifo kwaye uqale ukuziva ngcono ngomzimba wakho.

Qiniseka ukuba ubona oogqirha bakho rhoqo. Ukulawula isifo seswekile ngumzamo weqela. Uya kufuna inkxaso yeengcali zonyango, abahlobo kunye nosapho. Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo ukuba uyalufuna. Khumbula, awuwedwa!

Isifo seswekile , isifo seswekile, i-insulin, iswekile yegazi, iimpawu zeswekile, ulawulo lweswekile, iintlobo zesifo seswekile