"Andazi ukuba ndinesifo seswekile..." Ngaba wakha waba nalo mbuzo okanye uloyiko? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ngolu hlobo xa uziva izinto ezifana nokuchama rhoqo, ukunxanwa kakhulu, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kodwa ungoyiki. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukucinga ngesifo engqondweni yakho kuba nje umntu ethetha into ethile, masithethe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa imeko yeswekile ngokwezonyango. Oku kuya kukunika ukuqonda okucacileyo.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo seswekile?
Ngamafutshane, isifo seswekile sisifo apho inqanaba leswekile (iglucose) egazini lethu liphezulu kunesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukujonga ukuba unayo na le nto okanye akunjalo. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho usenokungoneliseki luvavanyo olunye kuphela aze afune ukwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi mvavanyo.
1. Uvavanyo lweGlucose yePlasma yokuzila ukutya (FPG)
Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku kufuna ukuba uzile ukutya ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampuli yegazi. Kulungile ukusela amanzi amancinci. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa nakusasa olandelayo. Iziphumo kulula kakhulu ukuzitolika.
2. Uvavanyo lokunyamezela iGlucose yomlomo (OGTT)
Olu vavanyo lunobuthathaka ngakumbi kune-FPG, oko kuthetha ukuba lunokubona kwanangaphambi kwesifo seswekile. Kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza oko.
Nantsi into eyenzekayo:
- Okokuqala, uzila ukutya ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-8 uze emva koko unike isampuli yegazi (njengoko kunjalo kwi-FPG).
- Emva koko, uza kunikwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo olune-75 grams yeglucose enyibilikiswe emanzini ukuze ulusele.
- Emva kweeyure ezimbini emva kokusela, kuthathwa enye isampuli yegazi.
Isigqibo senziwa ngokujonga amanqanaba eswekile kwezi sampuli zimbini zegazi. Olu vavanyo lwe-OGTT lukwasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, lubandakanya ukuthatha igazi izihlandlo ezininzi kwiiyure ezininzi.
3. Uvavanyo lweGlucose yePlasma engacwangciswanga
Olu vavanyo alunamsebenzi nokuba uzila ukutya okanye uyatya. Isampulu yegazi ithathwa nangaliphi na ixesha losuku ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo lodwa aluqinisekisi isifo seswekile. Ukuba umntu oneempawu ezicacileyo zeswekile (ezifana nokuchama rhoqo, ukoma kakhulu) unezinga eliphezulu kakhulu leswekile egazini kolu vavanyo, ugqirha uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwe-FPG okanye lwe-OGTT ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
4. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lweenyanga ezi-3 (iHemoglobin A1c - HbA1c)
Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Alulinganisi iswekile yegazi lakho ngexesha elinye. Lungumndilili wokuba iswekile yakho yegazi ilawulwe kakuhle kangakanani kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo.Nasi into oyifumanayo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzile ukutya ngenxa yoku. Ungayenza nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni isifo seswekile, kunye nokujonga ulawulo lomntu osele enesifo seswekile.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungathembeli kuphela kwiziphumo zalo naluphi na uvavanyo, kodwa kuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwaye ulandele icebiso lakhe.
Ungaziqonda njani iziphumo zovavanyo?
Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba ixabiso lezi mvavanyo lithetha ukuthini. Ungazifumana ngokwakho ngokujonga ezi theyibhile.
| Ukuchonga isifo seswekile kunye nesifo seswekile esingaphambi kwexesha | |
|---|---|
| Igama lovavanyo | Isiphumo (mg/dL okanye %) |
| Inqanaba elisempilweni (eliqhelekileyo) | |
| I-HbA1c | Ngaphantsi kwe-5.7% |
| Ukuzila iGlucose yePlasma (FPG) | Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL |
| Uvavanyo Lokunyamezela Iswekile Yomlomo (OGTT) - Emva kweeyure ezi-2 | Ngaphantsi kwe-140 mg/dL |
| I-Prediabetes - umngcipheko | |
| I-HbA1c | Phakathi kwe-5.7% kunye ne-6.4% |
| Ukuzila iGlucose yePlasma (FPG) | Phakathi kwe-100 mg/dL kunye ne-125 mg/dL |
| Uvavanyo Lokunyamezela Iswekile Yomlomo (OGTT) - Emva kweeyure ezi-2 | Phakathi kwe-140 mg/dL kunye ne-199 mg/dL |
| Uxilongwe ngesifo seswekile* | |
| I-HbA1c | 6.5% nangaphezulu |
| Ukuzila iGlucose yePlasma (FPG) | 126 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu |
| Uvavanyo Lokunyamezela Iswekile Yomlomo (OGTT) - Emva kweeyure ezi-2 | 200 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu |
| Iimpawu zeGlucose yePlasma engacwangciswanga | 200 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu |
*Qaphela: Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba kufunyenwe ixabiso eliphezulu kolunye uvavanyo, ugqirha uya kuliqinisekisa ngokwenza olunye uvavanyo ngolunye usuku.
Ungazi njani ukuba le yiType 1 Diabetes?
Uninzi lwabantu lunesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Kodwa abanye abantu, ingakumbi abantu abaselula nabantwana, banokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Izizathu kunye nonyango lwezi ntlobo zimbini zahlukile. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba ufunyenwe unesifo seswekile, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo oluthile.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Autoantibodies: Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli kwipancreas ezenza i-insulin. Olu vavanyo lukhangela ii-antibodies (`autoantibodies`) egazini ezihlasela esi sifo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-C-peptide: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani be-insulin eveliswa yipancreas yethu. Kwi-`Type 1`, imveliso ye-insulin iphantsi kakhulu okanye iyeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Uvavanyo lweeKetones zomchamo:Xa i-insulin ilahlekile, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa iswekile ukuze ufumane amandla. Emva koko umzimba utshisa amafutha ukuze ufumane amandla. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, kuveliswa ii-asidi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Ketones'. Ukujonga ezi zinto kumchamo kunokunceda ekufumaneni 'isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1'.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile asisosifo esoyikwayo nesicingelwayo. Kukho iimvavanyo zonyango ezicacileyo ezinokusiqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo.
- `Isifo seswekile sangaphambi kwexesha` sisilumkiso. Ukuba wenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukutya, umthambo) ngeli xesha, unokuthintela okanye ulibazise uphuhliso lwesifo seswekile esipheleleyo.
- Ukuba uneempawu zesifo seswekile, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.
- Ungakhathazeki ukuba uvavanyo olunye lubonisa ixabiso eliphezulu kancinci. Ugqirha wakho uza kuyalela olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa oko.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile, asikokuphela kobomi bakho. Lithuba lokucinga ngempilo yakho ngendlela entsha kwaye uyilawule kakuhle. Ngokulandela iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni.
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