Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda? Masithethe nge-dyslexia!

Ngaba umntwana wakho akawuthandi umsebenzi wesikolo, ingakumbi izifundo ezifana neSinhala nesiNgesi? Ngaba uchitha ixesha elininzi efunda kwaye ebhala kunabanye abantwana? Okanye udibanisa oonobumba? Ngamanye amaxesha isizathu soku asikobuvila, kodwa kukukhubazeka kokufunda okubizwa ngokuba yi-dyslexia. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni iDyslexia?

Ngamafutshane, i-dyslexia sisifo sokukhubazeka ekufundeni esenza kube nzima ukufunda kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nolwimi . Iyenzeka kuba kukho ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziswa yingqondo yakho ukuqonda umbhalo obhaliweyo. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa lunale meko besebancinci, kwaye idla ngokuba yeyobomi bonke. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'developmental dyslexia'.

I-Dyslexia ikwicandelo elikhulu 'leengxaki zokufunda ezithile'. Ineentlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Isifundo esinxulumene (iDyslexia)
• Enxulumene nokubhala (i-Dysgraphia)
• Enxulumene neMathematika (iDyscalculia)

Indlela i-dyslexia echaphazela ngayo ukuqonda ulwimi

Siqala ukufunda ngolwimi oluthethwayo, akunjalo? Njengabantwana, siqala ngokwenza izandi ezilula. Njengoko sifunda izandi ezingakumbi, sifunda ukusebenzisa ezo zandi ukwenza amagama nezivakalisi. Ukufunda ukufunda kuthetha ukufunda ukudibanisa ezi zandi noonobumba ababhaliweyo (iimpawu).

Kulapho ke i-dyslexia ingena khona. Iphazamisana nokukwazi kwengqondo yakho 'ukubhala' ulwimi olubhaliweyo. Kwenza kube nzima ngengqondo yakho ukuqonda oko ukufundayo, ingakumbi ukwahlukanisa amagama abe zizandi kunye nokudibanisa oonobumba nezandi.

Xa iinkqubo zobuchopho zicotha ngale ndlela, zinokuchaphazela yonke into ezayo. Umzekelo:

• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukufunda kuba amagama kunzima ukuwaqonda.
• Ubunzima bokubhala nokupela .
• Ichaphazela inkumbulo yamagama kunye neentsingiselo zawo.
• Ubunzima bokwenza izivakalisi ukuze kuvezwe iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Dyslexia ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini, kodwa ixhaphake ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantu abaninzi bathethe ngayo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, le meko ichaphazela malunga ne-7% yabemi behlabathi. Inokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba yindoda okanye uhlanga.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi baneempawu, kodwa zisenokungabi nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifunyanwe. Kuquka abo baneempawu kodwa abangakhange baxilongwe, mhlawumbi ama-20% abantu behlabathi banesifo se-dyslexia.

Zithini izizathu ze-dyslexia?

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-dyslexia asikacaci , kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu zokuba inokwenzeka njani kwiimeko ezininzi.

• I-genetics:I-Dyslexia sisifo semfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokungena kwiintsapho. Ukuba omnye umzali une-dyslexia, kukho amathuba angama-30% ukuya kuma-50% okuba umntwana ayifumane njengelifa. Abantu abaneengxaki zemfuza, ezifana ne-Down syndrome, nabo banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-dyslexia.
• Umahluko ekuphuhlisweni nasekusebenzeni kwengqondo: Ukuba une-dyslexia, 'une-neurodivergent'. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela ingqondo yakho eyakhiwe okanye esebenza ngayo yahlukile kunendlela elindelweyo. Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abane-dyslexia banomahluko kwisakhiwo, umsebenzi, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zobuchopho babo.
• Uphuhliso lwengqondo olungasebenzi kakuhle: Iintsholongwane kunye nokuvezwa zizinto ezinobungozi esibelekweni nako kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-dyslexia kamva ebomini.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko kumntu onesifo se-dyslexia. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezinobuthi: Izinto ezinje ngongcoliseko lomoya kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-dyslexia. Oku kunokuba yinyani ngakumbi kwisinyithi esinzima esifana ne-lead kunye ne-manganese, i-nicotine, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa njengezithinteli zomlilo .
• Ukunqongophala kokufikelela kwizixhobo zokufunda: Ukuba ukufunda akukhuthazwa ekhaya, okanye ukuba zimbalwa iincwadi zokufunda, abo bantwana basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-dyslexia.
• Imida kwindawo yokufunda: Abantwana abangenayo inkxaso abayifunayo ukuze bafunde, nokuba kusesikolweni okanye kwiindawo zokufunda ezifanayo, nabo banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-dyslexia.

Zithini iimpawu ze-dyslexia?

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, i-dyslexia inokuzibonakalisa ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokupela amagama alula.
• Ubunzima bokufunda amagama oonobumba.
• Ubunzima bokwahlula phakathi koonobumba abanesimo esifanayo, umzekelo, oonobumba u-'d' no-'b', okanye oonobumba u-'p' no-'q'.
• Ubunzima bokufumana amagama anemvano-siphelo.
• Ukungafuni ukufunda ngokuvakalayo eklasini.
• Ubunzima bokubiza (ukuthetha) amagama amatsha.
• Ubunzima bokudibanisa izandi noonobumba okanye amalungu amagama.
• Ubunzima bokufunda indlela izandi ezidibana ngayo.
• Ukufunda igama ngokutshintsha iindawo apho izandi zikhona (umz., 'nakapawa' endaweni ka-'kapanawa').

Ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba umntwana une-dyslexia. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokufunda izakhono zokufunda ezisisiseko , ukuvavanya i-dyslexia kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana udinga uncedo olukhethekileyo.

Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima be-dyslexia:

• Ubumnene: Nokuba kukho iingxaki, zinokoyiswa ukuba uncedo olufanelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo ziyabonelelwa.
• Okuphakathi: Ubunzima bukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bufune iingcebiso kunye noncedo olukhethekileyo. Kunokufuneka amanyathelo akhethekileyo okanye amalungiselelo.
• Inzima: Ubunzima bukhulu kangangokuba buyaqhubeka nokuba yingxaki nangona kusetyenziswa iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo, iindlela zokulungisa iingxaki, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-dyslexia?

Nangona i-dyslexia ibangelwa lutshintsho olusengqondweni yakho, akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lwelabhoratri oluza kuyixilonga. Endaweni yoko, abantu abanale ngxaki yokufunda bachongwa ngokujonga iimpawu eziqhelekileyo nangokuvavanywa.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuvavanywa i-dyslexia:

• Ukufunda amagama angaziwayo ngokuvakalayo (Decoding).
• Izakhono zolwimi lomlomo.
• Isantya sokufunda nokuqonda (Ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo nokuqonda ukufunda).
• Upelo.
• Isigama.
• Ukuqatshelwa kwamagama.

Umntwana wam ufanele avavanywe nini i-dyslexia?

Kungcono ukuba uvavanyelwe iingxaki zokufunda kwangethuba . Okukhona ufumana uxilongo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona umntwana wakho eqala ukufunda amaqhinga amatsha okufunda. Abantwana abaninzi babonisa iingxaki zokufunda ngaphambi kwebanga lesithathu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba isidingo sokufunda sikhula njengoko bekhula, kubalulekile ukuchonga naziphi na iingxaki zokufunda kwangethuba.

Isikolo somntwana wakho sinokucebisa ukuba kuhlolwe iingxaki zokufunda yingcali yezengqondo yezemfundo eqinisekisiweyo. Cela uncedo kulawulo lwesikolo ekufumaneni umntu onokukunceda.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-dyslexia?

Okwangoku, akukho nyango lwe-dyslexia. Endaweni yoko, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kunokufundisa iindlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokufunda nokufunda.

Abantwana abane-dyslexia banokusebenzisana neengcali eziqeqeshiweyo ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezintsha zokufunda. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukufundisa isifundo kancinci kancinci kunika umntwana one-dyslexia ixesha elingakumbi lokugubungela loo mbandela. Sebenzisana nesikolo somntwana wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana imfundo ayifaneleyo.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam one-dyslexia?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukufunda iincwadi ngokuvakalayo nomntwana wakho . Ukuchitha ixesha kunye ngolo hlobo kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu njengoko umntwana wakho ezama ukuphuhlisa izakhono zakhe zokufunda.

"Kwaye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-dyslexia ayiyonto umntwana wakho anokuyilawula. Yiba nomonde kwaye umxhase.""Ukhuthazo kunye nenkxaso oyinikayo inokuba yinto umntwana wakho ayidingayo njengoko efunda ukulawula i-dyslexia yakhe. Inokunceda ekunciphiseni uloyiko kunye nexhala abazivayo xa besenza imisebenzi yokufunda."

Ungammela umntwana wakho. Wena nesikolo somntwana wakho ningasebenzisana ekwenzeni iSicwangciso seMfundo esiHlanganisiweyo (i-IEP). Olu xwebhu lukunceda uphuhlise ulindelo kunye nezicwangciso zezifundo zomntwana wakho esikolweni.

Ngaba i-dyslexia kubantu abadala inganyangwa?

Ewe, abantu abadala banokuzuza kunyango lwe-dyslexia. Nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, kukho iinkqubo nezixhobo ezinokunceda kwiingxaki zokufunda ezinxulumene ne-dyslexia.

Iyintoni imbono ye-dyslexia?

I-Dyslexia idla ngokubonwa xa abantwana beqala ukufunda, kodwa ayisoloko ibonwa kwangethuba. Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kwangethuba, abantwana abaninzi bajamelana neengxaki zokufunda kuyo yonke iminyaka yabo yesikolo naxa sele bebadala.

Xa i-dyslexia ingafumaneki, kunokuba nzima ebantwaneni ukuphumelela esikolweni. Ukuba i-dyslexia ibonwa nokuba sele bekwibanga lesibini, abantwana banexesha elingakumbi lokufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda nokufunda.

Iingcamango ezingachanekanga malunga ne-dyslexia zenze abanye bakholelwe ukuba abantu abane-dyslexia abanangqondo. Nangona oku kungeyonyani, le ngcamango iphosakeleyo inokuba nefuthe elibi ebantwaneni.

Umntwana one-dyslexia usenokuba neengxaki zokuzihlonipha okanye akholelwe ukuba akanangqondo. Ukwasengozini enkulu yokuba neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba. Inkxaso entle evela kubazali nakootitshala inokunceda umntwana ukuba oyise le miqobo.

Ngaba i-dyslexia ingathintelwa?

I-Dyslexia ayiyonto inokuthintelwa . Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokulawulwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo okufunda nokufunda. Kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuqala ze-dyslexia, thetha nogqirha.
• Sebenzisana nesikolo somntwana wakho ukuze uphuhlise iSicwangciso seMfundo soMntu ngamnye (i-IEP) esifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.
• Lumka nempilo yengqondo yomntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuxhalaba okanye ezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-dyslexia, cinga ngokufuna uncedo lwempilo yengqondo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuphila ne-dyslexia?

Ingcamango eqhelekileyo ephosakeleyo kukuba i-dyslexia sisifo. Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo kukuba umntu one-dyslexia akanangqondo ingako. Zombini ezi ngcamango azichanekanga kwaphela. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kobukrelekrele kunye ne-dyslexia. Abantu abaninzi abane-dyslexia baphumelele kakhulu kwiinkalo abazikhethileyo.

"Ukuba ne-dyslexia akuthethi ukuba unengxaki yokufunda, akuthethi ukuba awukwazi, okanye ukuba uyonqena. Ukufumana iindlela zokunceda ukulawula i-dyslexia kubalulekile ekufundeni ngempumelelo nasekuzithembeni. Qonda ukuba ukuba ne-dyslexia akuthethi ukuba awukrelekrele kangako. "

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphumelele nangona une-dyslexia?

Ewe ngokwenene! Nangona kunzima kubantu abaninzi abane-dyslexia, baninzi abantu abaye bafeza izinto ezinkulu nangona benesifo se-dyslexia. Nazi ezinye zabantu abadumileyo nabaphumeleleyo abane-dyslexia:

• UJennifer Aniston (umdlali weqonga, umvelisi)
• URichard Branson (usomashishini, usomashishini, umntu onceda abantu)
• USher (umculi)
• UAnderson Cooper (intatheli)
• UTom Cruise (umdlali weqonga)
• UAmanda Gorman (imbongi)
• USalma Hayek (umdlali weqonga, umlawuli)
• UTom Holland (umdlali weqonga)
• U-Irvin "Magic" Johnson (umdlali)
• UKeanu Reeves (Umdlali weqonga, uMncedi, uMshicileli)
• U-Octavia Spencer (umdlali weqonga, umbhali)
• USteven Spielberg (umlawuli)
• UTim Tebow (umdlali)
• UHenry Winkler (umdlali weqonga)

Ngaba i-dyslexia luhlobo lwe-autism? Okanye i-ADHD?

Hayi, i-dyslexia kunye ne-autism ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. I-Autism spectrum disorder kunye nokukhubazeka kokufunda okuthile (kuquka i-dyslexia kunye nezinye iintlobo zayo ezimbini) zombini ziwela kudidi lweengxaki zophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental. Kodwa azifani. Umntu unokuba nazo zombini ngaxeshanye, kodwa ukuba nenye akuthethi ukuba yimbangela yenye.

Ngokufanayo, i-dyslexia kunye ne-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Njenge-autism, i-ADHD ikuluhlu olufanayo neengxaki zokufunda ezithile, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe ne-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia. Nangona kunjalo, azixhomekekanga komnye nomnye, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba nenye akubangelwa yenye.

Ngaba i-dyslexia isoloko iyinto ebangela ingxaki yokufunda?

Hayi, i-dyslexia ayisoloko iyinto yokukhubazeka ekufundeni. I-developmental dyslexia - uhlobo lokukhubazeka ekufundeni - yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho olunye uhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu.

I-Acquired dyslexia luhlobo lwe-dyslexia olunokuthi lukhule kamva ebomini. Phantse luhlala lubangelwa sisiganeko okanye imeko ethile yezonyango. Ukonakala kwengqondo kunokuphazamisana neenkqubo ezifana nokufunda. Idla ngokubangelwa sistroke, ukwenzakala entloko, okanye esinye isifo esinokonakalisa ingqondo .

Ngaba i-dyslexia yingxaki yokubona ebangela ukuba oonobumba babonakale begqwethekile kwaye betshintshile?

Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba njalo, kodwa akunjalo rhoqo. I-Dyslexia yimeko enokuchaphazela indlela obona noqonda ngayo iileta nokubhala. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iimpawu ze-dyslexia ngendlela efanayo.

Ukuba ne-dyslexia nakweyiphi na iminyaka kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo nebangela iintloni. Kubantwana, kunokuba ngumthombo woloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala xa bengaqondi ukuba kutheni benengxaki yokwenza into abanye abanokuyenza ngaphandle kobunzima. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-dyslexia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba le yimeko exhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kwakhona, akuthethi ukuba awunangqondo, awunamdla, okanye uvila ngakumbi. Lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho. Luza kukucel’ umngeni, kodwa akufuneki lukuthintele kwiinjongo zakho.

Ukuba utitshala womntwana wakho urhanela ukuba umntwana wakho une-dyslexia, ungafumana uncedo. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho, utitshala, okanye abaphathi besikolo kunye neengcali ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nendlela onokumnceda ngayo umntwana wakho ukuba alawule aze oyise i-dyslexia.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo malunga ne-dyslexia:

• I-Dyslexia ayisosifo okanye ukuswela ingqondo, kodwa lutshintsho kwindlela ingqondo eqhuba ngayo ulwimi.
• Iimpawu eziphambili kubunzima bokufunda, ukubhala, kunye nopelo. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi mpawu usemncinci.
• Ukuba umntwana uchongiwe kwangethuba, enikwe uncedo olufanelekileyo, kwaye esebenzisa iindlela zemfundo ezikhethekileyo, unokufunda ngempumelelo.
• Uthando, inkxaso, kunye nenkuthazo yabazali kunye nootitshala zibaluleke kakhulu. Zinceda ekwakheni ukuzithemba komntwana.
• Abantu abane-dyslexia banokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo baze bafezekise izinto ezinkulu. Kukho imizekelo emininzi yoko ehlabathini.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuba ne-dyslexia, musa ukulibazisa ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha okanye uncedo lwengcali yezemfundo.

"Ungalibali, wonke umntwana wahlukile, kwaye indlela yokufunda yomntu wonke yahlukile. I-Dyslexia yenye yezo zahluko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyiqonda nokunceda ngothando."

I- Dyslexia, ubunzima bokufunda, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, imfundo yabantwana, ukudideka kokubhala, ukusebenza kwengqondo, inkxaso yemfundo