Ngaba umntwana wakho ngamanye amaxesha ubonakala onwabile ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye ekhohlakele ngaphandle kwesizathu, aze ngequbuliso athukuthele, akhale, aze akhale ngezinto ezincinci? Aze ngequbuliso abe lusizi kakhulu aze aqumbe? Njengomzali, ukubona olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunokuba yingxaki enkulu kunye nomthombo woloyiko kuwe. Usenokuba uzibuza, "Yintoni engalunganga ngalo mntwana?" Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sengqondo esinokubangela olu hlobo lwemeko. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yiBipolar Disorder.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iBipolar Disorder?
Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Bipolar Disorder sisifo sengqondo esihlala ubomi bonke. Ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuba sisifo sokudakumba esibizwa ngokuba yi-manic-depression. Sibonakaliswa lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolunzima kwimo yengqondo yomntu, amanqanaba amandla akhe, iingcinga zakhe, kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Olu tshintsho lunokuhlala iiyure, iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
Inkoliso yezifo ezifumaneka xa umntu eselula okanye ekhulile, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zingaqala ukubonakala ebuntwaneni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.
1. I-Mania: Kulapho imeko yomntu, iimvakalelo, kunye namandla akhe ephakama ngokungaqhelekanga. Njengokuba "uyolo kakhulu." Ngamanye amaxesha, imeko engembi kangako ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypomania inokwenzeka.
2. Isigaba sokudakumba: Okuchaseneyo kwenzeka kweli nqanaba. Uziva ulusizi kakhulu kwaye udandathekile. Uphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela. Ngokuchanekileyo, kubonisa iimpawu zesimo sokudakumba.
Kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule oku. Umntu onesi sifo akasoloko ekwimeko enye yezi zimbini. Phakathi kwezo zihlandlo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kweengxaki, kukho amaxesha apho aqhelekileyo. Siwabiza ngokuba yi-'euthymia'. Oko kukuthi, imeko yabo eqhelekileyo, eqhelekileyo.
Ingxaki ye-bipolar yahluke njani ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala?
Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Xa umntu omdala eneBipolar Disorder, amaxesha `e-mania` kunye `e-depression` anokwahlulwa ngokucacileyo aze achongwe. La maxesha ahlala iveki okanye ngaphezulu.
Kodwa kubantwana nakubantwana abancinci, la manqanaba awacaci kangako. Kwaye utshintsho oluvela kwelinye inqanaba ukuya kwelinye lukhawuleza kakhulu. Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba umntwana wakho uvuya kakhulu kwaye uhlekisa ngaphandle kwesizathu kusasa. Emini, ucaphuka zizinto ezincinci, ekhala kwaye ephosa izinto. Ngokuhlwa, uhlala egumbini lakhe aze akhale ngaphandle kwesizathu. Konke oku kunokwenzeka ngosuku olunye.
Ngokwesiqhelo, bonke abantwana babonisa utshintsho kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo xa bekhula. Kodwa iBipolar Disorder ayiqhelekanga kangako. Apha, utshintsho lunzima kakhulu, kwaye luhlala lwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kunye noku, ungabona oku kulandelayo:
- Utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala.
- Utshintsho olukhulu kumanqanaba amandla omzimba.
- Ubunzima bokugxila nokucinga ngokucacileyo.
Ezi mpawu zinokwenza kube nzima kumntwana ukuba aphumelele esikolweni, asebenzisane kakuhle nabahlobo bakhe, kwaye abe nengxaki yokusebenzisana nosapho lwakhe. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba abanye abantwana banokuzama ukuzilimaza okanye ukuzibulala.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ebantwaneni?
Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-4% yabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala banesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ubudala banokuchaphazeleka sesi sifo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izifo zengqondo:
- I-9.8% yabantwana banesifo sokungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo (ADHD).
- I-9.4% yabantwana banengxaki yokuxhalaba.
- I-4.4% yabantwana banesifo sokudakumba.
Oko kuthetha ukuba le yimeko ebonwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana.
Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo se-bipolar kumntwana?
Ezi mpawu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Ezi ziimpawu zesiganeko 'sokuxakeka' kunye neempawu zesiganeko 'sokudakumba'. Abanye abantwana babonisa iimpawu zazo zombini ezi ziganeko ngaxeshanye (iziqendu ezixutyiweyo). Abanye batshintsha phakathi kwezi ziganeko zimbini ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (ukuhamba ngebhayisekile ngokukhawuleza). Ngamanye amaxesha kwanangosuku olunye.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu zahlukile kwindlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo.
Iimpawu zesiganeko sokudakumba
Endaweni yokuba bonwabe baze baphile njengabantu abadala, abantwana badla ngokuba nomsindo baze babonakalise ukuziphatha okubi ngeli xesha.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo | Ukuba nomdla kakhulu nokuba nethemba ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukwenza amahlaya angafanelanga iminyaka yakho. Ukuba nomsindo nokukhwaza nokuba zizinto ezincinci. |
| Inqanaba lamandla kunye nokulala | Ukuba namandla angaqhelekanga, ukusebenza kakhulu. Ukuhlala iintsuku ungalali ngokwaneleyo, uzive udiniwe. |
| Ibali neengcinga | Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukungabavumeli abanye ukuba bathethe. Ukutsiba ukusuka kwenye ingcamango ukuya kwenye. Ubunzima bokugxila. |
| Ukuziphatha | Ukungathobeli imithetho, ukutshabalalisa izinto, nokwenza izinto ezinobungozi nezingenankathalo (umz., ukulala ngesondo ngaphandle kokuzikhusela, ukusela utywala). |
| Ukuzithemba | Ukukholelwa ukuba umntu unamandla okanye izakhono ezingaqhelekanga, ezinkulu (umz., ukucinga ukuba wazi yonke into ngcono kunabantu abadala kwaye ulawula yonke into). |
Iimpawu zexesha lokudakumba
Kule meko, umntwana udandathekile kakhulu kwaye amandla akhe aphantsi.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo | Ukuba lusizi ngalo lonke ixesha ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukukhala ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto obuzithanda ngaphambili. Ukulimala nokuba zizinto ezincinci. |
| Inqanaba lamandla kunye nokulala | Ukuziva udiniwe, unengxaki yokulala, ukuvuka kusasa, okanye ukulala kakhulu. |
| Unxibelelwano loluntu | Ukufuna ukuba wedwa, kude nabahlobo kunye nabo ufunda nabo. |
| Umsebenzi wesikolo kunye neengcinga | Ukungayi emsebenzini wesikolo. Ubunzima bokugxila nokukhumbula izinto. Ukuthetha izinto ezimbi ngawe. |
| Iimpawu zomzimba | Ukungabi namdla wokutya okanye ukutya kakhulu. Ukukhalaza rhoqo ngentloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, kunye nomzimba obuhlungu. |
| Iingcinga eziyingozi | Ukuthetha okanye ukucinga ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zokuzibulala okanye uthetha, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini ngelo xesha, mse kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Yintoni ebangela iBipolar Disorder?
Izazinzulu azikafumani sizathu sicacileyo sale nto, kodwa zikholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto eziphambili ezidlala indima.
- I-genetics: Le yeyona nto ibangela esi sifo. Ngamafutshane, sisifo sofuzo . Abantu abangaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu abanesifo se-bipolar banelungu losapho elisondeleyo (umama, utata, umntakwenu okanye umntakwabo) elinaso. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu osifumanayo kuba nje kukho umntu kusapho onaso.
- Utshintsho lobuchopho: Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana abanesi sifo banotshintsho ekusebenzeni kweendawo ezithile zobuchopho.
- Ukonzakala noxinzelelo: Ukujongana neziganeko ezinzima nezixinzelelekileyo, njengokufa kwelungu losapho okanye ukuxhatshazwa okukhulu, kunokubangela ukuba esi sifo sikhule kumntu osengozini ngokwemfuza.
Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana uneBipolar Disorder?
Le yinkqubo enzima kancinci, njengoko iimpawu zeBipolar Disorder zinokufana nezezinye izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ebantwaneni, ezifana ne-ADHD (attention deficit disorder), i-Oppositional Defiant Disorder (impulsive behavior), kunye ne-Major Depression.
Ngoko ke, uncedo lomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo onamava (ingcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo) lubalulekile ukuze kuchongwe oku.
Ugqirha wenza izinto ezinje:
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Jonga ezinye izifo.
- Imbali epheleleyo yezonyango: Wena nomntwana wakho niza kubuzwa ngeempawu zomntwana wakho kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho.
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi zenziwa ukujonga ezinye izifo zomzimba ezinokubangela ezi mpawu.
- Uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo: Oku kungabandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwingcali yezifo zengqondo. Umntwana, abazali, kwanootitshala banokucelwa ukuba bazalise imibuzo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana.
Iphathwa njani?
Ngenxa yokuba isifo se-bipolar sisifo sobomi bonke, unyango lukwalobomi bonke . Kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo somntwana wakho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlala ugxile kwaye uqhubeke nonyango.
Isicwangciso sonyango esiphumelelayo siquka indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Amayeza
- Unyango lwengqondo (okanye "unyango lokuthetha")
- Imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni (ukuzilolonga, ukucamngca, inkqubo eqhelekileyo)
Unyango lwengqondo
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesicwangciso sonyango. Inceda umntwana ukuba abone aze alawule iimvakalelo zakhe, iingcinga zakhe kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe.
- Imfundo yengqondo: Ukuchaza ngokucacileyo isifo kumntwana nakusapho.
- Unyango olugxile kusapho (FFT): Indlela yonyango apho umntwana kunye nosapho bathatha inxaxheba kunye. Inceda ekuchongeni iimpawu, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokuphucula unxibelelwano.
- I-Chronotherapy: Inceda umntwana ukuba aphuhlise indlela yokulala rhoqo. Baziqhelisa ukuya ebhedini nokuvuka ngaxeshanye.
Amayeza
Izithambisi-mvakalelo kunye namayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo asetyenziswa kubantu abadala nawo asetyenziswa ngempumelelo ebantwaneni.
- Izinzisa imeko-bume: Amayeza anjenge-'Lithium', 'iValproic acid', kunye ne-'Lamotrigine' anceda ukulawula iziganeko ze-'manic'.
- Ii-Antipsychotics: Ezi zinceda kwiimeko 'zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo' kunye 'nezokudakumba'.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-ADHD, amanye amayeza angenza iimpawu ze-bipolar disorder zibe mandundu ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza asetyenziswa ngumntwana wakho.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zale mithi?
Ewe, njengayo yonke imithi, le inokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Ukutyeba kwakho
- Ukozela
- Ukungazoli, ukungakwazi ukuhlala phantsi `(Akathisia)`
- Utshintsho kwizinga leswekile egazini kunye ne-cholesterol.
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo malunga neziyobisi iLithium:
I-Lithium liyeza elisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga isifo se-bipolar. Nantoni na ehlisa amanqanaba esodium (ityuwa) yomntwana - ukubila okugqithisileyo, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, urhudo - inokubangela ubuthi be-lithium. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo.
| Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Zobuthi BeLithium - Yiya kwi-ETU Ngoko nangoko! | |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zokubona | Umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, okukhawulezayo kakhulu, okanye okucothayo kakhulu |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukudideka, isiyezi, ukungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzula kakhulu, ukuchama kakhulu |
Ungaze uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza omntwana wakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Ukuwayeka ngequbuliso kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kwaye kuyenze mandundu imeko.
Njengomzali, ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam?
Ukunyamekela umntwana onesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder kunokuba yinto enzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuzinyamekela nawe. Ungafuna iingcebiso okanye ujoyine iqela lenkxaso labazali abaye bahlangabezana nale nto.
- Xhasa umntwana wakho: Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athethe ngeemvakalelo zakhe. Yiba ngumphulaphuli olungileyo.
- Yiba nomonde: Ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kuthatha ixesha. Yiba nomonde ngohambo.
- Nika ingqalelo kwindlela umntwana wakho aziva ngayo: Gcina incwadi yotshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo. Yabelana ngolu lwazi nootitshala kunye nezalamane.
- Gcina inkqubo eqhelekileyo ekhaya: ingakumbi amaxesha okulala ahambelanayo namaxesha okuvuka.
- Nceda ekulawuleni uxinezeleko: Fundisa umntwana wakho izinto ezilula ezifana nokuphefumla nzulu.
- Cacisa ukubaluleka konyango: Cacisa indlela unyango olunokuphucula ngayo ubomi, khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athathe amayeza akhe ngexesha, kwaye athathe inxaxheba kunyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seBipolar asikokuziphatha kakubi komntwana okanye ukungakhathali kwakhe. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo ekufuneka inyangwe.
- Uncedo lwezonyango olukhethekileyo lubalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni esi sifo.
- Unyango luhambo olude, kwaye njengomzali, umonde wakho kunye nenkxaso yakho zibalulekile kumntwana wakho.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha ngokufa okanye ngokuzenzakalisa, ungaze uyityeshele loo nto. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, abacebisi, kunye namaqela enkxaso anokukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.
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