Ukwaluphala yinto esimele sijongane nayo sonke. Njengoko sikhula, kuqhelekile ukuba izinto ezazilula ukuzenza zibe nzima ngakumbi. Mhlawumbi umama, utata, umakhulu, okanye utatomkhulu wakho banengxaki yokuvuka ebhedini, ukunxiba, okanye nokutya ukutya bodwa. Oku kunokubangelwa kungekuphela nje bubudala, kodwa kukwabangelwa kukugula, ingozi, okanye ukukhubazeka. Ngoko ke, singazi njani ukuba umntu onje udinga uncedo olungakanani? Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngendlela oogqirha abayisebenzisayo ukulinganisa le meko.
Yintoni i-ADL kunye ne-IADL?
Ekuqaleni la magama angabonakala ngathi ayinkimbinkimbi, kodwa eneneni alula kakhulu. I-ADL imele '
Imisebenzi Yokuphila Kwemihla Ngemihla'. Ngamafutshane, ii-ADL zizinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka sizenze ukuze siphile ngokuzimela yonke imihla. Ngokuchanekileyo, ezi zizakhono ezisisiseko esizidingayo ukuze sinyamekele imizimba yethu kwaye sizinyamekele. Ii-IADL zimela
'Imisebenzi Yezixhobo Zokuphila Kwemihla Ngemihla' . Ezi zintsonkothile ngakumbi kunee-ADL. Ziimisebenzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifunekayo ukuze siphile ngokuzimela kuluntu. Ukuze siqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, makhe sijonge le theyibhile.
| Imisebenzi Esisiseko Yemihla Ngemihla (ii-ADL ezisisiseko) | Imisebenzi Yoncedo Yemihla ngemihla (ii-IADL) |
|---|
| Ezi zezona zinto zisisiseko ezinxulumene nokunyamekela umzimba wakho. | Le yimisebenzi enzima ngakumbi efunekayo ukuze umntu aphile ngokuzimela. |
- Ukuhamba kunye nokuhambahamba: ukuhamba, ukuhlala, ukuma, ukuya ebhedini nokuphuma ebhedini.
- Ucoceko lomntu: ukuxukuxa amazinyo , ukuhlamba, ukucheba , ukukama iinwele, ukunqumla iinzipho .
- Ukuzihlambulula: Ukukwazi ukuya kwindlu yangasese wedwa nokuzicoca.
- Ukunxiba: Ukunxiba wedwa usebenzisa amaqhosha kunye neziphu.
- Ukutya: Ukutya wedwa usebenzisa izixhobo zokutya.
| - Ulawulo lwemali: ukuhlawula amatyala, iibhanki, iindleko zocwangciso .
- Ulawulo lwempilo: ukuya kugqirha, ukuthatha amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe.
- Ukuthenga: Ukuthenga izinto eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya, iziselo kunye nempahla.
- Ukulungiselela ukutya: Ukupheka ukutya okufunayo.
- Uthutho: Ukuqhuba imoto, ukukhwela ibhasi, okanye ukusebenzisa iteksi.
- Unxibelelwano: Ukusebenzisa ifowuni, i-imeyile, njl.
- Umsebenzi wasekhaya: ukucoca indlu, ukuhlamba impahla, ukucoca igadi.
|
Ngamafutshane, ukuba umntu unokwenza ii-ADL, oko kuthetha ukuba unokunyamekela umzimba wakhe. Ukuba unokwenza ii-IADL, oko kuthetha ukuba unokuphila yedwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye eyedwa.
Oogqirha balinganisa njani olu buchule?
Ukuze bafumanise ukuba umntu uzimele kangakanani kwaye uluhlobo luni loncedo aludingayo, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya. Ezi zilinganisa umlinganiselo umntu anokwenza ngawo i-ADL kunye ne-IADL ekhankanyiweyo eyedwa besebenzisa inkqubo yokufumana amanqaku. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba isigulana singaphila ngokuzimela na ngaphandle kokwenzakala. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela kule nto. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- I-Katz Index: Olu luluhlu olulula lokuhlola olusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izakhono ezisisiseko ze-ADL kubantu abadala.
- Isikali sikaLawton-Brody: Oku kulinganisa kakhulu i-IADL, oko kukuthi, amandla okwenza imisebenzi enzima.
- I-Barthel Index: Le isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuzimela kwezigulane , ingakumbi abo baye bahlangabezana neemeko ezifana nestroke .
- Isikali saseCleveland: Esi sisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya inqanaba lokuzimela kwabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo okanye isifo sika- Alzheimer .
Ngokusekelwe kumanqaku avela kwezi vavanyo, umfanekiso ocacileyo woncedo aludingayo umntu unokufunyanwa.
Zithini iingenelo zokwazi inqanaba le-ADL?
Ukuvavanya amanqanaba e-ADL kunye ne-IADL yomntu ngale ndlela kuneenzuzo ezininzi: 1.
Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokhathalelo esichanekileyo:Nje ukuba eli nqanaba liqondwe, oogqirha, iingcali zonyango lomzimba kunye namalungu osapho banokucwangcisa ngqo uncedo umntu aludingayo. Umzekelo, kumntu onengxaki yokuhamba, banokucebisa ukuzilolonga ukunciphisa ukuwa. 2.
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntu angaphila ngokukhuselekileyo eyedwa okanye ukuba ufuna uncedo oluqhubekayo. 3.
Ukuchonga uncedo olufunekayo: Ngamanye amaxesha uncedo olufunekayo kukupheka ukutya, ukuthatha amayeza ngamanye amaxesha, okanye ukuphatha imali. Kwimeko enjalo, umntu onyamekela abanye abantu ixesha elifutshane unokusetyenziswa ukunceda ngaloo misebenzi kuphela. 4.
Ukufunyanwa kwezifo kwangethuba: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha ubunzima obuhamba kancinci ekwenzeni ezi ADLs bunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esifana ne
-dementia . Ke ngoko, ukujonga rhoqo inqanaba le-ADL labantu abadala kunye nabantu abasengozini kunokunceda ekuchongeni ezo zifo kwangethuba kwaye kuqalwe unyango.
Wenza ntoni ukuba umntu akanakukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi eyedwa?
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla ngale ndlela, zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza.
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo omawuyenze kukubonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha okufutshane. Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze akuchazele amanyathelo omawuwathathe ngokulandelayo.
- Yenza indawo yakho yasekhaya ikhuseleke ngakumbi: Njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele, yenza utshintsho kwindawo yakho yasekhaya ukuze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibe lula kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ungafaka ii-grab bar kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ubeke phantsi iimathi ezingatyibilikiyo, kwaye ubeke izinto ezifunekayo kufutshane nebhedi.
- Ukufumana uncedo kumnakekeli: Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani boncedo olufunekayo, ungafumana uncedo kumnakekeli wexeshana okanye wexesha elizeleyo.
- Ukuqwalasela indawo yokhathalelo: Ukuba imeko yasekhaya inzima okanye kufuneka ukhathalelo oluqhubekayo, ungathanda ukucinga ngokufudukela kwindawo yokhathalelo eqinisekisa indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo.
- Funa uncedo lobuchwephesha: Funa uncedo lobuchwephesha ukuze uphuhlise isicwangciso sokhathalelo esiya kunceda ukugcina umgangatho wobomi kunye nokujonga imeko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, njengomzali okanye omnye umntu omdala, unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla eyedwa, musa ukuyityeshela njengesiqhelo loo nto.
- Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza ngoko nangoko kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso.Lelo linyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ngokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo amanqanaba e-ADL, singakwazi ukubona ukuba loluphi uncedo umntu aludingayo size siphucule umgangatho wobomi bakhe kunye nokuzimela kwakhe.
- Olu vavanyo lwe-ADL lukwanceda kakhulu ekufumaneni izifo ezithile kwangethuba, ingakumbi iimeko ezifana ne-dementia.
- Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo nenkathalo, sinokunceda nabani na ukuba aphile ngesidima nangolonwabo.
Imisebenzi yokuphila imihla ngemihla, i-ADL, i-IADL, ukhathalelo lwabantu abadala, ukuzimela,
ukwaluphala , i-dementia
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