Yintoni i-Ebola (iSifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola)? Ngaba simele soyike? Masifumanise ngokuqinisekileyo!

Usenokuba uvile nge-Ebola kwiindaba. Usenokuba uvile ukuba isasazeka kumazwe aseAfrika kwaye sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa usiva eli gama. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukwazi ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo ngayo kunokoyika nasiphi na isifo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesi Sifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Kalula nje, yintoni i-Ebola?

I-Ebola sisifo esibi nesisongela ubomi esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Elinye igama laso yi-viral hemorrhagic fever. Eli gama lithetha ukuba intsholongwane yonakalisa imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Oku kunokubangela ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo zifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye i-influenza. Ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukuyiqonda ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoko isifo siqhubeka, imeko iyatshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi:

• Ukopha kakhulu (ukopha igazi)
• Ukuhlanza
• Iingxaki ze-neurological ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous

I-Ebola sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayibonakali kuyo yonke indawo ehlabathini. Le ntsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala eCongo, eAfrika, ngo-1976. Ukususela ngoko, ukuqhambuka kwesi sifo kuye kwaxelwa ngamanye amaxesha. Ubhubhane we-Ebola omkhulu kwimbali uxelwe ukususela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2016. Apho, kuxelwe amatyala angaphezu kwama-28,000 kumazwe ali-10, kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwe-11,000 bafa.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-Ebola?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-Ebola ezichaphazela abantu. Zithiywe ngokwemimandla apho zafunyanwa khona okokuqala. Uhlobo ngalunye luyahluka kancinci kwindlela olukwazi ngayo ukubangela iimpawu kunye nobunzima.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ufumana i-Ebola? Zithini iimpawu zayo?

Xa kuvela i-Ebola, iimpawu zinokuvela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Masizihlukanise zibe ziimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu eziqatha ngakumbi.

Iimpawu zokuqala ziyavela, njengomkhuhlane

Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nanini na phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini neeveki ezintathu emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni.

• Tshisa kakhulu.
• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa kakhulu
• Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Ukungcangcazela ngenxa yokubanda

Iimpawu eziqatha zinokubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa

Imeko itshintsha ngokupheleleyo xa isifo siba sibi kakhulu.

• Urhudo (mhlawumbi lunegazi)
• Ukugabha (kusenokuhamba negazi. Kufana nokugabha okucoliweyo kwekofu)
• Ubomvu bamehlo
• Amabala amancinci egazi phantsi kolusu (i-petechiae)
• Ukugruzuka okanye ukopha naphi na emzimbeni (umz. ukusuka kwiintsini)
• Indle emnyama, ethambileyo (melena) - Oku kubangelwa ligazi elikwindlela yokugaya ukutya.
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Inqanaba lokugqibela elinzima lesi sifo

Ukuba esi sifo sifika kweli nqanaba, siyingozi kakhulu.

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukudumba kobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi emzimbeni olukhokelela kwi-shock

Isasazeka njani i-Ebola?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Intsholongwane ye-Ebola ayikho nje kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Ihlala emizimbeni yezilwanyana ezithile. Ngokukodwa:

• Amalulwane eziqhamo
• Izilwanyana ezifana neenkawu kunye neetshimpanzi
• Izilwanyana zasendle ezifana neenyamakazi

Into yokuqala eyenzekayo kukuba esi sifo sidluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isilwanyana ukuya kwesinye. Emva koko siqala ukusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

I-Ebola isasazeka xa ulwelo lomzimba oluvela kumntu osulelekileyo lungena emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo. Olu lwelo lomzimba luquka:

• Igazi
• Ukuhlanza
• Isitulo
• Umchamo
• Ukubila
• Ngaba
• Ubisi lwebele
• Amadlozi
• Kwimeko kamama okhulelweyo, ulwelo olusesibelekweni (`ulwelo lwe-Amniotic`)

Esi sifo sinokusasazeka ukuba la manzi omzimba angena emzimbeni wakho ngokusikwa, ukukrweleka, iliso, impumlo, okanye umlomo. Singasasazeka nangempahla, iibhedi, okanye iinaliti zokujova ezingcoliswe lulwelo lomzimba lomguli.

Ngaba inokudluliselwa ngesondo?

Ewe. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngokunxibelelana ngesondo nesidoda sendoda ene-Ebola. Le ntsholongwane ingahlala kwisidoda iinyanga emva kokuba iphilile. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abo baphilile balandele amanyathelo okuzikhusela njengoko ecetyiswe ngugqirha wabo.

Ingaba i-Ebola idluliselwa ngomoya?

Hayi. Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Intsholongwane ye-Ebola ayidluliselwa ngomoya njengomkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba segumbini elinye nomntu osulelekileyo, ukuthetha naye, okanye ukuba kufutshane naye xa ekhwehlela akuyi kusasaza isifo. Ukuze isifo sisasazeke, kufuneka kubekho ukudibana ngqo nolwelo lomzimba olukhankanyiweyo .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Abo basondelelene kakhulu nesigulana esine-Ebola basengozini enkulu.

• Amalungu osapho anyamekela isigulana.
• Abasebenzi basesibhedlele, kuquka oogqirha kunye nabongikazi.
• Abo benza umngcwabo womntu osweleke ngenxa ye-Ebola (intsholongwane ikwakho nakwizinto eziphuma emzimbeni womntu oswelekileyo).

Yiyo loo nto abasebenzi bezempilo besebenzisa iisuti zokuzikhusela ezikhethekileyo (iZixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu - iPPE) ezizigquma ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni xa benyanga izigulane ze-Ebola.

Isifo sifunyanwa njani? Ngaba kukho unyango?

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-Ebola zifana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-dengue, i-malaria, kunye nomkhuhlane we-typhoid, oogqirha baza kuqala bakubuze ngembali yakho yohambo kunye nokuba ubukhe wadibana nezigulana na.

Ukuqinisekisa isifo, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo. Lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-PCR .

Unyango

Ngethamsanqa, kukho unyango oluninzi lwe-Ebola kunangaphambili. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Monoclonal antibodies." Ngamafutshane, ezi ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu ezinceda amajoni omzimba wethu ukuba alwe nentsholongwane.

• I-Inmazeb®
• I-Ebanga®

Ukongeza kula mayeza, kukwasetyenziswa nezinye iindlela zonyango ukwenza isigulana sikhululeke ngakumbi kwaye kuncitshiswe iingxaki.

• Ukunika i-saline (`i-IV fluids`) ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Ioksijini yobunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukunika iintlungu ezithomalalisa iintlungu
• Ukunika amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-Ebola?

Ukuba usiya kwindawo enesibetho se-Ebola okanye usemngciphekweni, lumka kakhulu ngezi zinto.

• Kuphephe ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba lomntu oneempawu ze-Ebola okanye oqinisekisiweyo ukuba unesifo.
• Kuphephe ukutya inyama yezilwanyana zasendle (ingakumbi iinkawu kunye namalulwane).
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Kungcono nangakumbi ukuba usebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa umzimba womntu obhubhileyo yi-Ebola.
• Ukuba uyindoda esele iphilile kwi-Ebola, kuphephe ukulala nomntu okanye usebenzise ikhondom rhoqo de oogqirha baqinisekise ukuba intsholongwane ayikho kwimbewu yakho yesidoda.
• Kuphephe ukuhamba ngokungeyomfuneko kwiindawo apho i-Ebola isasazeka khona.

Okwangoku, iye yaphuhliswa imijovo (`Ervebo®` kunye ne`Zabdeno®/Mvabea®`) ukuze ikhusele intsholongwane ye-Ebola. Le mijovo inikwa ikakhulu abasebenzi bezempilo abasebenza nezigulana ze-Ebola kunye nabantu abakwiindawo apho esi sifo sisasazeka khona.