Sicinga ukuba asinakutshintsha izinto esizizuze njengelifa kubazali bethu, akunjalo? Akukuphela nje kombala wamehlo, ubume beenwele, umbala wolusu, ubude, kodwa kwanomngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezithile... Siyazi ukuba konke oku kuvela kwiijini zethu. Ngoko ke sicinga ukuba ezi jini zifana nento eqingqiwe kwilitye, engaguqukiyo, kwaye ingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Kodwa... ungamangaliswa ukuba singaxelelwa ukuba singayitshintsha "indlela" ezi jini "ezisebenza ngayo" ngendlela esiphila ngayo, ukutya esikutyayo, nezinto esizenzayo? I-Epigenetics yeyona ntsimi intsha neyimangalisayo yesayensi ethetha ngale nto.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Epigenetics?
Oku kusenokuvakala ngathi ligama lesayensi, kodwa le ngcamango ilula kakhulu. Makhe sihlalutye igama elithi `Epigenetics`. `Epi` ligama lesiGrike elithetha "ngaphezulu, ngeenxa zonke, ngaphandle." `I-Genetics` yisayensi yezakhi zofuzo. Kwaye `Epigenetics` imalunga nolawulo olukhoyo "ngaphezu kwezakhi zofuzo."
Cinga ngale ndlela. Iijini zakho zifana neebhalbhu zokukhanya endlwini yakho. Awunakutshintsha ukuba zeziphi ezo bhalbhu okanye apho zikhoyo. Zizinto ozizuz’ ilifa. Kodwa uneswitshi egqibayo ukuba loo bhalbhu ivuliwe okanye icinyiwe. Mhlawumbi loo bhalbhu ineswitshi esifinyezayo esiyivulayo nesiyicimayo.
Ngokufanayo, i-'Epigenetics' yibali malunga nenkqubo "yotshintsho lweekhemikhali" elawula ukuba ii-genes emzimbeni wethu ziyasebenza (zivuliwe/zivaliwe), okanye ukuba umsebenzi wazo unciphile (uyancitshiswa), ngaphandle kokutshintsha isibane esibizwa ngokuba zii-genes.
Olu tshintsho lweekhemikhali luphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka indlela esiphila ngayo, ukutya esikutyayo, indawo esihlala kuyo, kunye noxinzelelo esilufumanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha olu tshintsho lulungile emizimbeni yethu, lusikhusela kwizifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, lunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yethu.
Masizikhumbuze kancinci ukuba zithini ii-genes kunye ne-DNA?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masiqale sijonge kafutshane ii-genes kunye ne-DNA.
Cinga ngolandelelwano lwakho lonke lwe-'DNA' njengencwadi enkulu yeresiphi . Le ncwadi inkulu inazo zonke imiyalelo ekufuneka iseli nganye emzimbeni wakho yenze umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo. Iiseli zifunda into ekufuneka yenziwe nendlela yokuyenza ngokufunda le ncwadi ye-'DNA'.
Kukho iitriliyoni zeeseli emizimbeni yethu. Iiseli zolusu, iiseli zentliziyo, iiseli zobuchopho, njalo njalo. Nganye kwezi seli inekopi yayo yonke incwadi yeresiphi ethi "DNA".
Kodwa, ayizizo zonke iiseli ezifunda le ncwadi yonke. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba zifunde. Khawucinge nje, iiseli zesikhumba azidingi miyalelo evela kwiseli yentliziyo malunga nendlela yokusebenza. Njengokuba ikhekhe lingadingi iresiphi yesambol.
Iijini zezona ndlela zokupheka ziqhelekileyo kwincwadi enkulu yeresiphi.Kuba. I-gene ifana nesahluko encwadini esikuxelela ukuba wenze umsebenzi othile. Ngoko ke, iseli yesikhumba ifunda kuphela imiyalelo (ii-genes) yesikhumba. Iseli yentliziyo ifunda kuphela imiyalelo yentliziyo.
Into eyenziwa yi-'Epigenetics' kukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi iresiphi ekufuneka ifundwe yiseli nganye kwaye yeyiphi engafanele ifundwe. Kufana nokubeka isitika kumaphepha athile encwadi yeresiphi ethi "Sebenzisa oku ngoku" kunye namanye amaphepha athi "Musa ukujonga oku ngoku."
Yintoni echaphazela i-Epigenome yethu?
I-'epigenome' yinkqubo eyenziwe ziijini zethu kunye 'notshintsho lweekhemikhali' olulawula indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezo jini. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le 'epigenome' ayitshintshi. Iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngezinto ezenzeka ebomini bethu.
Izinto ezichaphazela olu tshintsho ziqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe. Jonga ukuba ziyintoni na kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Into enefuthe | Ingcaciso elula kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Imeko kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa | Izinto ezifana nokutya kukamama, impilo yakhe yengqondo, kunye noxinzelelo ajongene nalo zinokuchaphazela umsebenzi wemfuza womntwana osesibelekweni. |
| Isondlo kunye namava obuntwana | Isondlo, uthando lwabazali, ukhuseleko, kunye namathuba okufunda ngexesha lobuntwana nasebuntwaneni kudala iimpawu ze-epigenetic ezichaphazela impilo yomntwana kwixesha elizayo. |
| Ukutya | Ukutya esikutyayo njengabantu abadala, ingakumbi ukutya okucutshungulwayo, iziselo ezineswekile, kunye nokutya okunamafutha, kunempembelelo embi, ngelixa ukutya okunesondlo okufana nemifuno, iziqhamo kunye neembotyi kunempembelelo entle. |
| Ukuzilolonga | Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba kunokuvuselela iijini ezikhuthaza impilo kwaye kuthulise iijini ezingaphili kakuhle. |
| Iityhefu kunye neekhemikhali ezisingqongileyo | Ukuchanabeka kumsi wemoto, umsi wecuba, iikhemikhali ezifana ne (BPA) kwiiplastiki, iikhemikhali zezolimo, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana nelothe kunokongeza iimpawu eziyingozi kwizakhi zofuzo. |
| Uxinzelelo | Uxinzelelo olude nolugqithisileyo lunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemfuza yomzimba wethu kwaye lukhokelele kwizifo ezininzi. |
| Utywala kunye neziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa kotywala, icuba, nezinye iziyobisi konakalisa ngokuthe ngqo i-epigenome yethu. |
Ziziphi izifo ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-epigenetics?
Izazinzulu zisaphanda oku, kodwa okwaziwayo ngoku kukuba utshintsho lwe-epigenetic lunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi.
- Umhlaza: Khawuthelekelele, sinejini emzimbeni wethu ethintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba lejini 'icinyiwe', oko kukuthi, ivaliwe, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila embi? Iiseli zomhlaza zinikwa ithuba lokukhula ngaphandle kolawulo.
- Izifo zobuchopho: Kukho ubungqina bokuba utshintsho lwe-epigenetic lunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezinxulumene nobudala ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer, kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
- I-Metabolism: Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu ziphenjelelwa yindlela esebenza ngayo i-genes zethu. Ukutya kwethu kunokutshintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi genes.
- Ukwaluphala: Ezi 'mpawu ze-epigenetic' zikwachaphazela inkqubo yokwaluphala kunye nezifo ezinxulumene noko.
- Izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ezi zikwanxulumene nezifo 'ezihlasela umzimba' ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-arthritis, nto leyo ethetha izifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo.
Njengoko uphando ngale nto luqhubeka, izazinzulu zinethemba lokufumana amayeza amatsha kunye nonyango ngokujolisa kule 'epigenome'.
Ngoko ke, singayitshintsha na i-epigenome yethu ibe ngcono?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka!Ziindaba ezimnandi ezo. Nangona singenakuzitshintsha ii-genes esizizuz’ ilifa, singayichaphazela kakuhle indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezo genes. Nangona kungekho ndlela inye necacileyo yokwenza oku, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba singenza utshintsho oluhle 'lwe-epigenetic' ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:
Izinto onokuzenzela zona
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Faka ukutya okuninzi okuphekiweyo ekhaya, okufana nemifuno, iziqhamo, imifuno eluhlaza, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye nentlanzi. Nciphisa ukutya okupakishwe, okucutshungulweyo, kunye nokutya okunamafutha amaninzi, okuneswekile eninzi.
- Faka umthambo kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla: Yenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usandul' ukulolonga, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala ukuze ufumane ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomthambo olulungele wena.
- Nciphisa utywala kwaye ungatshayi ngokupheleleyo: Ezi zizinto eziyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo i-'DNA' kunye ne-'epigenome' yethu.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Unganciphisa uxinzelelo ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, ukumamela umculo omnandi, ukuzibandakanya kwinto oyithandayo, kunye nokuthetha ngezinto nomhlobo othembekileyo.
Ukuba ungumzali, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenzela umntwana wakho:
I-'epigenome' yethu itshintsha kakhulu kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abazali bayiqonde le nto.
- Nika umntwana wakho ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Nxibelelana nogqirha wabantwana malunga noku.
- Nika umntwana wakho amathuba okufunda nokudlala: Thetha nomntwana wakho, funda iincwadi, ufundise amagama amatsha, kwaye umnike amathoyizi aphuhlisa ingqondo.
- Yenza indawo enothando nekhuselekileyo: Yenza indawo ekhayeni apho umntwana eziva ekhuselekile, ethandwa, kwaye ekhathalelwe.
- Ukuba ujongene nemingeni efana nokungondleki kakuhle kokutya, iingxaki zezindlu, okanye ubundlobongela basekhaya, nceda ucele uncedo kugqirha okanye kwigosa elifanelekileyo . Baza kukukhokela ukuze ufumane inkxaso oyifunayo wena nabantwana bakho.
Xa sisiva ingcamango ethi `Epigenetics`, singaziva simangalisiwe, sinethemba, kwaye sisoyika kancinci. Xa sicinga ngento eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kukho amaxesha apho sivakalelwa kukuba ezo zinto zingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Kodwa i-`Epigenetics` isifundisa ukuba nangona kukho izinto ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu, sinamandla okwenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yethu nokwenza utshintsho oluhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona ungenakuzitshintsha ii-genes ozizuze njengelifa kubazali bakho, ungayitshintsha indlela ezivulwa/zicinywa ngayo ezo genes.
- Izinto ezifana nokutya kwakho, umthambo, uxinzelelo, kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza ngayo i-genes yakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-epigenetics.
- Ezinye zezi nguqu zinokuba luncedo kwimpilo yakho, ngelixa ezinye zinokubangela izifo ezifana nomhlaza nesifo seswekile.
- Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, ukuphepha ukutshaya notywala, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo kunokuba nefuthe elihle kwizakhi zofuzo zakho.
- Isondlo kunye nokhathalelo olufunyanwa ngabantwana, ingakumbi kwasekuqaleni kobomi babo, lunefuthe elide kwimpilo yabo yexesha elizayo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho wosapho.
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