Imithambo yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi ebuchotsheni bethu, entlokweni, nasebusweni ikwicala ngalinye lentamo yethu. Le ifana neendlela eziphambili emzimbeni wethu. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kuba njani ukuba enye yezi ndlela ibinodonga olubuthathaka kwaye ivuthuluke njengebhaluni. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, i-carotid artery aneurysm. Nangona isenokuvakala isoyikisa kancinci, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda.
Yintoni i-Carotid Artery Aneurysm?
Ngamafutshane, i-carotid artery aneurysm yimeko apho inxalenye yodonga lomthambo omkhulu wegazi (umthambo we-carotid) othwala igazi ukusuka kumacala omabini entamo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho ibuthathaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luqhume ngaphandle njengeqamza.
Cinga ngebhaluni evuthelweyo. Udonga lwebhaluni luya luncipha njengoko luvuthelwayo, akunjalo? Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ulufutha ngakumbi? Luyaqhuma. Yiyo le ndlela le aneurysm ivuthuluka ngayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuba nkulu. Njengoko ikhula, udonga lwayo luya luncipha, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokuba iya kuqhambuka ngenye imini. Ngoko ke okukhona i-aneurysm ikhula, kokukhona inokuba yingozi ngakumbi.
Ingaba le meko inokuba nzulu kangakanani?
Ii-aneurysms zemithambo yegazi ye-carotid zizifo ezinzulu ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ngqo engqondweni yethu, ngoko ke aziyonto ifanele ithathwe lula. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-aneurysms eziyingozi ngokulinganayo. Ezinye zincinci kakhulu kwaye zinokuhlala endaweni yazo iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iingxaki.
Kodwa kukho iingozi ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ihlwili legazi: Ihlwili legazi linokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwi-aneurysm, kwaye iqhekeza lalo linokwaphuka lize linamathele kumthambo wegazi omncinci engqondweni. Oku kunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni kwaye kubangele uhlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) , "i-mini stroke," okanye i-full-blood ischemic stroke .
2. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aneurysm: Ukuba ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm enkulu, kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa zonke zobuchopho. I-stroke ebangelwa yiyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-hemorrhagic stroke . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo enzulu kakhulu kwaye inokuba yingozi ebomini.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-aneurysm yokwenyani neyobuxoki?
Le yinto yezonyango kancinci, kodwa masiyiqonde ngokulula. Udonga lwemithambo yegazi yethu lwenziwe ngamaleya amathathu.
- I-Aneurysm yokwenyani: Kulapho zonke iileya ezintathu ze-artery zibuthathaka kwaye zidubule ngaphandle. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukufakwa kwamafutha eludongeni lwe-artery (atherosclerosis).
- I-Aneurysm yobuxoki okanye i-Pseudoaneurysm:Oku kwenzeka xa umaleko omnye okanye emibini yodonga lwemithambo yegazi yonakele, nto leyo evumela ukuba igazi elithile liphume lize liqokeleleke lijikeleze umthambo wegazi, lenze iqamza. Enyanisweni, oku akukokuphuma kwegazi lokwenyani. Kunokwenzeka ngenxa yengozi, usulelo, okanye ingxaki yonyango oluthile.
Naluphi na uhlobo lunokubangela iingxaki, ngoko zombini zinokufuna unyango.
Ngubani onokuthi abe nale meko? Ingaba ixhaphakile?
Nangona ii-aneurysms zemithambo ye-carotid zinokwenzeka nakubani na umntu omdala, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nama-60 ubudala. Zingafane zenzeke nakubantwana.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Ii-aneurysms zemithambo ye-carotid zenza ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke ii-aneurysms emzimbeni.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi aneurysms zinokubakho ngaphandle kweempawu. Ngamanye amaxesha zifumaneka ngengozi xa into efana ne-head scan yenziwe ngesinye isizathu.
Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zihlala ziyimpawu zestroke okanye i-transient ischemic attack (TIA).
I-TIA inokuba luphawu olulumkiso olukhulu lokuba kuza kubakho isifo sohlangothi esikhulu kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezizayo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uziqwalasele ezi mpawu.
| Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo zestroke okanye i-TIA - ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko! | |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka kokubona ngequbuliso | Ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukulahleka kombono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo. |
| Ubungqindilili okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba | Ukuziva ngathi kukho ukungaziva kwelinye icala lobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze. (umz., ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso) |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha | Ukungacaci kwamagama, ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwayo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi | Ukudinwa, ukungakwazi ukuma ungashukumi, ukurhuqa ecaleni xa uhamba. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso | Ukuqala ngequbuliso kwentloko ebuhlungu ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. |
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje, usenokungakwazi ukufowunela esibhedlele ngokwakho. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa abantu basekhaya ngale nto.
Ezinye iimpawu
Ukongeza kwiimpawu zestroke, ukuba i-aneurysm ikhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba icinezele eminye imithambo-luvo okanye imithambo yegazi entanyeni, iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukurhawuzela kwelizwi
- Intlungu yentamo
- Ukudumba kobuso
- Ndizive ngathi ndinesiqhuma entanyeni kwaye ndisitsho siqaqamba
- Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya
- Ezinye iingxaki zokubona
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye umxelele ngayo.
Kutheni ii-aneurysms zenzeka ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela i-aneurysm yemithambo ye-carotid.
- I-atherosclerosis: Le yeyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo. Le meko inokwenzeka xa i-cholesterol kunye namafutha eqokelelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo eyenza udonga lube buthathaka.
- Izifo ezenza buthathaka iindonga zemithambo yegazi: Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-"Fibromuscular dysplasia," zibangela ukuba iindonga zemithambo yegazi zingahlali ziphilile.
- Iingxaki zonyango: Inokwenzeka njengengxaki yotyando oluthile lwentamo, imigca ethile ephakathi, okanye unyango lwemitha yomhlaza.
- Iingozi: Ukonakala komthambo wegazi ngenxa yengozi enkulu, njengokudutyulwa okanye ukuhlatywa.
Izinto Ezinobungozi
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokwenza udonga lwemithambo yegazi lube buthathaka, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-aneurysm:
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba ne-aneurysm, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, lubeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokwenza udonga lube buthathaka.
- Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya yimbangela enkulu yomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. Kuyenza buthathaka imithambo yegazi kwaye kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba ne-aneurysms.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha ulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze afumanise esi sifo.
1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kubeka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho aze akuphulaphule. Ngamanye amaxesha, isandi esikhethekileyo 'sokukhwaza' (i-carotid bruit) sinokuvakala njengoko igazi lihamba kule aneurysm.
2. Imbali yakho neyentsapho yakho: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngezinye iimeko zempilo onazo kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba neemeko ezifanayo.
3. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa isifo. Olu vavanyo lunokubona ngokucacileyo okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho ye-carotid.
- Iskeni ye-CT (iskeni ye-Computed Tomography)
- I-MRA Scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
- Iskeni ye-ultrasound
Olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha ukuba bamisele ubungakanani obuchanekileyo, imilo, kunye nendawo ekuyo i-aneurysm, baze ngokufanelekileyo bamisele unyango olungcono.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani be-aneurysm yakho, ukuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nokuba unayo na iimpawu. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zonyango.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukubeka esweni | Ukuba i-aneurysm incinci kakhulu kwaye akukho zimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ulinde ithutyana ngaphandle kotyando. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukulinda ngononophelo." Uza kwenziwa iiskeni rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 okanye ngonyaka ukuze ubone ukuba i-aneurysm iyakhula na. Okwangoku, unokunikwa amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo. |
| 2. Utyando Oluvulekileyo | Le yindlela yotyando yendabuko. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza i-incision entanyeni aze asuse inxalenye eyonakeleyo yomthambo wegazi, equlethe i-aneurysm. Emva koko, iqhekeza lomthambo wegazi okanye ityhubhu yokwenziwa (i-graft) ethathwe kwenye inxalenye yomzimba wakho (umzekelo, umlenze wakho) isetyenziselwa ukudala indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi. |
| 3. Unyango lwe-Endovascular (Endovascular Stent Grafting) | Le yinkqubo engangenisi gazi kakhulu kwaye ayifuni kuvulwa okukhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza umngxuma omncinci kumthambo wegazi engalweni yakho aze afake ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngayo. Phantsi kwesikhokelo se-X-ray, ityhubhu ihambela kwi-aneurysm, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu ekhethekileyo efana ne-mesh (i-stent graft) ngaphakathi. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngetyhubhu entsha endaweni yokuya kwi-aneurysm. |
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena emva kokuthetha nawe nokuchaza yonke into.
Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko?
Asinakulawula ezinye izinto ezinobungozi (njengembali yosapho), kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina imithambo yegazi yethu isempilweni nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-aneurysm.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje. Le yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza. Cela uncedo kugqirha wakho.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, ityuwa, kunye neswekile. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno eluhlaza ngakumbi.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Zilolonge rhoqo, njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Landela iingcebiso zonyango. Yiya kuhlolo lwezonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwe-aneurysm entanyeni kunye ne-aneurysm engaphakathi kwekhakayi?
Oku kuxhomekeke kwezonyango kancinci, kodwa masiyibeke ngokulula: Umthambo wethu we-carotid udlula entanyeni uye ekhakhayini.
- Ii-Aneurysms ezenzeka ngaphandle kwekhakayi, oko kukuthi, entanyeni, zibizwa ngokuba yi -'extracranial' .
- Ii-Aneurysms ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhakayi zibizwa ngokuba yi -'intracranial' .
Ukuba ugqirha wakho usebenzisa la magama kuwe, abhekisa nje kwindawo ekuyo i-aneurysm. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uwakhumbule la magama ngentloko. Cela ugqirha wakho akucacisele nantoni na ongayiqondiyo.
Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba une-aneurysm. Kodwa ngenxa yeteknoloji yokuskena ephucukileyo yanamhlanje kunye nonyango, abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo kwaye uye rhoqo kwiimvavanyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-aneurysm yemithambo yegazi ye-carotid kubuthathaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi omkhulu entanyeni othwala igazi liye ebuchotsheni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba lidumbe njengebhaluni.
- Iingozi ezimbini eziphambili ezinokubakho koku kukuwa kwegazi okubangela isifo sohlangothi kunye nokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zestroke, njengokuwa ngequbuliso kwelinye icala lobuso bakho, ukungaziva kakuhle kwengalo, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo yesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhulu be-aneurysm kunye neempawu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukubukela nje kunokwanela. Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lunokufuneka.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya kubalulekile ukuthintela le meko.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo ngako.
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