Khawucinge ukuba ubuso bomntu bonakaliswe kakhulu yingozi enkulu, ukutsha, okanye ukugula. Ngamanye amaxesha, umonakalo unokuba mkhulu kangangokuba nezinto ezilula esizenzayo yonke imihla, njengokuthetha, ukutya, nokuncuma, zingenakwenzeka. Kukho amaxesha apho sidandatheka size singakwazi ukujongana noluntu. Ngamaxesha anje ngala apho utyando oluntsonkothileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi " Face Transplant", oluphawula inkqubela phambili enkulu kwisayensi yezonyango, luvela khona. Nangona le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, inokutshintsha ubomi bomntu ngokupheleleyo.
Ngubani ofuna ukufakelwa ubuso?
Ngokwesiqhelo, umonakalo wobuso ungalungiswa ngandlela thile ngezinto ezifana notyando lweplastiki. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umonakalo uba mkhulu kangangokuba awunakulungiswa ngotyando oluqhelekileyo lokwakha. Oko kukuthi, ukuba izicubu zobuso zonakele kangangokuba azinakulungiswa, kunokucingelwa ukuba kufakwe utyando lobuso.
Kusenokuba nezizathu ezininzi eziphambili zoku:
- Iingozi eziqatha: Ukwenzakala okukhulu ebusweni ngenxa yeengozi eziqatha, ezifana neengozi zeemoto.
- Ukutsha: Ukutsha okuqatha ebusweni ngenxa yomlilo okanye iikhemikhali.
- Iimeko zonyango: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza okanye ezinye izifo zinokufuna ukuba kususwe iindawo zobuso.
- Iingxaki zokuzalwa: Iingxaki zobuso eziqatha ezenzeka ekuzalweni.
Ngamafutshane, olu tyando lutshintsha ubomi bomntu ohlala yedwa ngenxa yenkangeleko yobuso bakhe kwaye engakwazi ukwenza nemisebenzi esisiseko efana nokuthetha, ukuhlafuna, ukuginya, kunye nokuqhwanyaza.
Ndingalufanelekela njani olu tyando?
Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu, ngoko ke asinguye wonke umntu onokukwenza. Izibhedlele kunye namaqela ezonyango alandela imigaqo engqongqo kakhulu yokwenza oku.
| Iimfuneko zokufaneleka | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Yiba phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-60 ubudala. |
| Ukonakala kwezicubu zobuso | Ubuncinane i-25% yezicubu zobuso yonakele. |
| Ukufumana amayeza | Ukukwazi nokuzimisela ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke. |
| Ukukhulelwa | Ukuba ukhulelwe, ubuncinane iiveki ezi-6 emva kokuzalwa. Vumelana ukuba awukhulelwa ubuncinane unyaka omnye emva kotyando. |
| Ezinye izifo | Akukho zintsholongwane zinkulu ezifana ne-HIV okanye i-Hepatitis. Akukho mbali yomhlaza okanye isifo sentliziyo. |
| Eminye imikhwa | Akutshaywa. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Le yinkqubo ende ebandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Okokuqala, kufuneka uvunywe ukuba wenze utyando. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngovavanyo lwezonyango kunye novavanyo lwempilo yengqondo. Wakuba uzimisele ukuba ngumgqatswa olungileyo, ubekwa "kuluhlu lokulinda." Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ulinde de kubekho umntu oza kunikela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo.
Ndingamfanisa njani umntu onikelayo?
Umnikeli ngumntu oswelekileyo. Ukunikela ngobuso kwenzeka ngemvume yosapho lwaloo mntu. Le yingxaki ebucayi kakhulu. Xa ukhetha ubuso obukufaneleyo, kuqwalaselwa ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Uhlobo lwegazi
- Uhlobo lwethishu
- Umbala wolusu
- Isondo sebhayoloji
- Ubudala
- Ubungakanani bobuso
Xa ezi zinto zihambelana kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka, utyando lunokuba yimpumelelo. Kwakhona, oogqirha baya kujonga ukuba unesikhumba esisempilweni na kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Uyazi ukuba yintoni leyo? Yisebenzise ukuba ukufakelwa isitho kungaphumeleli nangayiphi na indlela.
Ukulungiselela ingqondo
Kufuneka ulungiselele olu tyando emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Iingcali zengqondo kunye nabasebenzi bezentlalo baya kuthetha nawe kwaye bakulungiselele olu hambo. Kuba ukuqala ukuhlala nobuso obutsha ngumceli mngeni omkhulu wengqondo.
Lwenziwa njani olu tyando?
Nje ukuba iindaba zomdlalo zifunyenwe, yonke into yenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Utyando lunokuthatha iiyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-30.
Khawucinge nje, amaqela amabini ezonyango asebenza kumagumbi amabini otyando ngaxeshanye.
1. Iqela elinye lisusa ngononophelo izicwili zobuso (ulusu, izihlunu, imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanamathambo) kumntu oswelekileyo onikelayo.
2. Elinye iqela liza kukulungiselela utyando. Liza kususa izicwili zakho ezonakeleyo lize lichonge imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi efunekayo ukuze utyande ubuso bakho obutsha.
Uza kunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke uza kulala kulo lonke utyando. Emva kokuba ubuso bomnikeli bususiwe, bugcinwa kwisisombululo esikhethekileyo. Emva koko, oogqirha baqala ngokuqhagamshela amathambo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iipleyiti zetitanium kunye nezikrufu .
Emva koko kuza inxalenye enzima. Ngokusebenzisa imakroskopu, imithambo yegazi emincinci kunye nemithambo-luvo evela ebusweni bomnikeli idibene nemithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo ebusweni bakho. Ekugqibeleni, izihlunu, imisipha, njl.njl. ziyadityaniswa, kwaye ulusu luyathungwa.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kungeniswa kwigumbi lokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU). Kuza kuthatha ixesha ukuba uphinde uqonde. Xa imeko yakho izinzile, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi lokufakelwa isibeleko.
- Ukuchacha esibhedlele: Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iveki e-1 ukuya kwe-6 nangaphezulu.
- Ukutya: Ekuqaleni, ukutya kunikwa ngetyhubhu.
- Intlungu: Kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintlungu.
- Ukuvuselelwa: Iingcali zonyango zomzimba ziyakunceda ukuba uphinde uthethe, uginye ukutya, kwaye ulawule imbonakalo yobuso.
- Inkxaso yengqondo: Iingcali zengqondo ziyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso ukukunceda ulungelelanise ingqondo yakho nenkangeleko yakho entsha.
Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-2-3 ukuba ukudumba kunciphe. Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-6 ukuba ubuso buphinde buzive. Kungathatha malunga nonyaka ukuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yobuso, efana nokuncuma, ibuye. Oku kufuna umonde omkhulu.
Zithini iingozi kunye neengxaki?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi. Le yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, ngoko ke iingozi ziphezulu.
| Iintlobo eziphambili zeengozi | |
|---|---|
| Iingozi ezinxulumene notyando |
|
| Ukwaliwa kwezicubu | Le yeyona ngozi inkulu. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iyaziqonda ezi zifo zintsha njengo "tshaba" ize izihlasele. Olunye uphawu loku kukubonakala kwerhashalala ebusweni bakho. |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba | La mayeza (i-immunosuppressants) anikwa ukunqanda ukwaliwa kwezicubu ayenza buthathaka inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kukwenza ube namathuba amaninzi okufumana ezinye izifo. Kwakhona, ekuhambeni kwexesha, la mayeza anokonakalisa izintso zakho aze abangele nezinye izifo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza. |
Ukuba kukho iimpawu zokungamkeleki kwezicubu zomzimba, oogqirha baza kuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba (i-biopsy) baze bakunike amayeza anamandla ngemithambo yegazi (IV) ukuze kumiswe ukwaliwa. Ukuba ukwaliwa akulawulwa nangayiphi na indlela, kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-89% abantu abenze utyando bayasinda. Kuye kwabikwa ukufa okuliqela ngenxa yosulelo okanye ukwaliwa okungalawulekiyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ubuso obutsha obufumanayo abuyi kufana ngqo nobuso bomnikeli, kwaye abuyi kufana ngqo nobuso bakho bakudala. Buya kuba yindibaniselwano yazo zombini. Wena nosapho lwakho kufuneka niyiqonde kakuhle le nto. Ngaphambi kokuba nithathe isigqibo malunga noku, kufuneka nibe nengxoxo enzulu kakhulu neqela loogqirha abaziingcali kwaye niqaphele zonke iinkalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa ubuso lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu nolungafane lwenziwe apho kufakelwa khona izicwili zobuso ezivela kumntu oswelekileyo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ubuso obonakele kakhulu.
- Kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo engqongqo yezonyango neyengqondo ukuze ufanelekele olu tyando.
- Emva kotyando, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (immunosuppressants) uze uhlale phantsi kweliso likagqirha ubomi bakho bonke.
- Iingozi eziphambili kukwaliwa kobuso obutsha ngumzimba kunye nosulelo.
- Inkqubo yokuchacha inde kakhulu, kwaye inkxaso yomzimba neyengqondo ibalulekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa nzulu ngale nto nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo malunga noku.
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