Ngaba indlela yakho yokuthetha isuke yafana neyomntu wasemzini ngequbuliso? Masifunde ngeForeign Accent Syndrome!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kuba njani ukuba indlela othetha ngayo itshintsha ngequbuliso, baze abantu bakuve uthetha ngokungathi uvela kwelinye ilizwe? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa yokwenyani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiForeign Accent Syndrome . Khawucinge nje, xa uthetha ngokuqhelekileyo ngesiSinhala, ngequbuliso ilizwi lakho kunye nendlela obiza ngayo amagama iyatshintsha, kwaye umntu okumameleyo usenokucinga ukuba uvela kwelinye ilizwe. Oku kunokuvakala kungaqhelekanga ukukuva, akunjalo? Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka ngokwenene.

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yiForeign Accent Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS) yimeko apho indlela othetha ngayo itshintsha ngequbuliso nangokubonakalayo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, kwabanye kuvakala ngathi uthetha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba awufundi indlela entsha yokuthetha. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yotshintsho kwindlela ingqondo yakho esebenza ngayo.

Xa ufika kule meko, ilizwi lakho livakala ngathi lelomntu ovela kwelinye ilizwe, iingcali zolwimi kunye nabantu abanalo olo hlobo lokuthetha badla ngokuqaphela ukuba alihambelani kakuhle nolo hlobo lokuthetha. Oko kukuthi, umahluko kwindlela obiza ngayo amagama, indlela owenza ngayo izandi.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zeForeign Accent Syndrome (FAS)?

Ewe, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zale meko. Masibone ukuba zithini.

1. I-FAS yoLwakhiwo: Oku kwenzeka xa kukho umonakalo kwiindawo zengqondo ezilawula izihlunu ozisebenzisayo ukuthetha. Cinga ngako xa inxalenye yenjini yemoto yonakele, isandi esenzayo siyatshintsha.

2. I-FAS esebenzayo: Olu luhlobo lwe-FAS oogqirha abangenakufumana unobangela ocacileyo walo. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokubakho ngokuxhuzula okanye i-migraines. Lunokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza oku ngokuthi yi-psychogenic FAS , oko kuthetha ukuba ayibangelwanga sisiphene esithile kwingqondo.

Kunokubakho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini:

• I-Mixed FAS: Oku kuthetha ukuba une-FAS esebenzayo, kodwa kukwakho nokungahambi kakuhle kwesakhiwo engqondweni, kodwa akubonakali ngathi kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo ne-FAS.
• I-Developmental FAS: Oku kubonakala kubantu abane-neurodivergent (oko kukuthi, abo uphuhliso lwabo lwengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wabo wahlukile kwindlela eqhelekileyo). Kucingelwa ukuba kungenxa yomahluko ekuphuhlisweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kotshintsho kwithoni yelizwi kunye notshintsho lokwenyani kwi-accent?

Xa unengxaki yokulawula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomlomo wakho, njengolwimi lwakho nemilebe yakho, isandi osenzayo sinokutshintsha kakhulu. Olu tshintsho lunokuba yingozi kubaphulaphuli, ingakumbi ukuba abaqhelanga ukukuva uvakala ngaloo ndlela.

Umzekelo, xa sithi "karek", sibiza "ra". Kodwa kwezinye iindlela zokubiza amagama zasemzini, u-"ka" uphela ngesandi esifana no-"a" endaweni ye-"ra". Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho lwezandi kumntu one-FAS aluhambelani njengakwindlela yokubiza amagama yokwenyani. Oko kukuthi, nokuba u-"ra" akabizwa xa kusithiwa "karek", xa kusithiwa igama elifana ne-"karatte" u-"ra" usenokubizwa, okanye usenokutshintshwa. Ke ngoko, indlela abathetha ngayo ayifani ncam nendlela yokubiza amagama evakala efana nayo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, i-FAS yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Yaqala ukuchazwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo yaseFransi uPierre Marie ngo-1907. Ukususela ngoko, zimalunga ne-100 kuphela iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo eziye zaxelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayiqhelekanga kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-FAS zixhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela ovakala ngayo xa uthetha.

Iziphumo eziphambili kunye neempawu

I-FAS ichaphazela kakhulu isingqisho sentetho yakho. Ezi ziphazamiso zingabandakanya:

• Isantya sokuthetha.
• Isandi kunye nethoni yelizwi.
• Ukudibanisa.
• Ukucinezela amalungu – oko kukuthi, ukubiza amanye amalungu ngokuvakalayo, amanye ngokuthambileyo.
• Ubude bezandi.
• Umthamo welizwi.
• Ukutshintsha kwesandi – Umzekelo, ukuba ilizwi liphakama ekupheleni kwesivakalisi, livakala ngathi ngumbuzo.

Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonakala kuzo zombini iintlobo ze-FAS zezi:

• Ukuthetha kancinci okanye ngesantya esahlukileyo.
• Ukubeka ikhefu elininzi kakhulu okanye elide phakathi kwamagama okanye izivakalisi.
• Ukubiza izandi ezithile ngaphezu kokuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukulahla izandi okanye ukufaka ezinye izandi endaweni yazo (umzekelo, ukutshintsha u-"th" kwigama elithi "thumb" ngesandi u-"f", okwenza kuvakala ngathi "fumb", okanye ukulahla u-"h" kwigama elithi "house" ukuze kuvakala ngathi "ouse").
• Ubunzima bokubiza izandi ezithile ngokucacileyo, ngokungathi umlomo ubambekile (oku kufana nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dysarthria ).
• Ukutshintsha izandi okanye ukwenza izandi ngokulandelelana okungalunganga (oku kufana noko kwenzekayo ebuntwaneni xa abantwana bengakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle) .

Ezinye iimpawu ezibonwe kwiStructural FAS

I-FAS yoLwakhiwo yimeko apho iindawo zengqondo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha okanye iindawo ezinxulumene noko zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokukhetha amagama (oku kwenzeka kwinxalenye eyahlukileyo yengqondo kunenxalenye elawula izihlunu zokuthetha).
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba (hemiplegia ).
• Ukungcangcazela okanye iintshukumo zemisipha ezingalawulekiyo.

Iimpawu ezibonwa nge-Functional FAS

Ngenxa yokuba i-FAS esebenzayo ayinxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, inokukhatshwa ziimpawu zezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo:

• Iimeko zengqondo , umzekelo, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ukuphupha izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukungazi ukuba yeyiphi into elungileyo ekufuneka uyithethe okanye uyenze.
• Utshintsho kwimo yengqondo namandla, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye ukudakumba .

Yintoni ebangela oku?

Izizathu ze-FAS zixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile.

Izizathu ze-FAS yoLwakhiwo

Olu hlobo lwe-FAS ludla ngokubangelwa kukonakala kwenxalenye engaphambili yobuchopho bakho (i-'frontal lobe') - ngokuqhelekileyo icala lasekhohlo. Izizathu eziphambili zalo monakalo zingaba:

• Izibetho.
• Ukulimala kakhulu entloko ( Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu - IiTBI ).
• Ukugqabhuka komthambo wegazi engqondweni (i-brain aneurysm ).
• Umhlaza wobuchopho .
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) sisifo semithambo-luvo.
• I-Frontotemporal dementia (ingakumbi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -progressive primary aphasia) .

Izizathu ze-FAS esebenzayo

Iingcali azikaqiniseki ukuba kutheni i-FAS esebenzayo isenzeka. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba iyenzeka kuba umsebenzi wobuchopho awucwangciswanga ngokuqhelekileyo okanye kuba ezinye iindawo zobuchopho zisebenza kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-FAS iyenzeka okanye iba mandundu ngexesha le-migraine. I-migraines inxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.

Oogqirha banokudibanisa i-FAS nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-functional neurological symptoms disorder (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi -conversion disorder ). Oku kulapho ufumana khona iimpawu zomzimba zokwenyani ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kodwa akukho sizathu sazo esibonakalayo.

I-FAS esebenzayo isenokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezithile zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo, i-schizophrenia , i-bipolar disorder , okanye iingxaki zokwahlukana . Kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kuqondwe ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka kwaye yintoni unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-FAS nezi meko. I-FAS yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu, ngoko ke kunzima ukwenza uphando.

Izizathu ze-Mixed FAS

Iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba kutheni i-mixed FAS isenzeka. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba abanye abantu bathambekele ekubeni ne-FAS. Ukuba banesifo sengqondo, ukwenzakala, okanye into efana ne-migraine okanye isifo sokuxhuzula, oko kunokwanela ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kwaye kubangele i-FAS. Kwakhona, umntu unokuba neempawu zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe naluphi na utshintsho kwisakhiwo.

Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba i-FAS yolwakhiwo ingalandelwa yi-FAS esebenzayo. Ukuphila ne-FAS kunokuba nzima, kwaye abanye abantu banokuba neempawu zokusebenza njengoko bezama ukuziqhelanisa nemeko yabo.

Izizathu ze-FAS yoPhuhliso

Abantu abane-neurodivergence banokuba ne-FAS okanye iimpawu ezifanayo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba oku kusenokubangelwa kukungafani kophuhliso lobuchopho okanye ukusebenza. Amatyala ophuhliso anqabile kakhulu. Asenokuba yi-functional FAS, enxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana ne -autism spectrum disorder kunye ne -attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezithile ezinokubangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-Functional Accent Syndrome?

Ngenxa yokuba kunqabile kakhulu, akukho zinto zithile ezinobungozi eziye zachongwa ezinyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-FAS.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule meko?

I-FAS inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yengqondo yomntu. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokukhula kweemeko ezifana nokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba . Ezi zinokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Usapho, abahlobo, kunye nabantu obathandayo bayathandabuza ukuba le meko kunye neempawu ziyinyani na.
• Le meko inqabile kangangokuba kunokuba nzima ukuyixilonga. Oku kuthetha ukuba oogqirha banokuyityeshela okanye bayiphambanise nesinye isifo.
• Ukoyika iimpendulo ezimbi ezivela kwabanye, umzekelo, ukugculelwa okanye ukuxhaphaza.
• Ukukhathazeka kukuba abanye abayi kukuqonda xa uthetha.
• Ubunzima bokugcina okanye ukufumana umsebenzi ngenxa yendlela othetha ngayo.
• Ukuwohloka kweempawu zeemeko zempilo yengqondo esele zikhona.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba indlela obuthetha ngayo ibinokutshintsha ngequbuliso, ubuya kuziva njani? Ngaba abanye bebeya kukuqonda? Izinto ezinje zinokubangela uxinezeleko olukhulu.

Ifunyanwa njani iForeign Accent Syndrome?

I-FAS idla ngokuchongwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo , ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP) , okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza oku.

Ezinye zezona ndlela zovavanyo kunye neendlela zokuxilonga ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Iskeni ye-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance - Iskeni ye-MRI)
• Iskeni yePET (iPositron Emission Tomography - iskeni yePET)
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram - i-EEG) (uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo)
• Iiskeni ze-SPECT (I-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography - Iiskeni ze-SPECT)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo ( uvavanyo olujonga izinto ezifana nokucinga, inkumbulo, njl.njl.)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological ( uvavanyo olujonga ulwalamano phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo nokuziphatha)

Kulula ukuxilonga i-FAS yoLwakhiwo, njengoko izizathu ezininzi zinokufunyanwa ngokuskena kunye nezinye iimvavanyo.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

I-FAS yoLwakhiwo idla ngokuphathwa ngokunyanga unobangela oyintloko. Unyango lunokwahluka kakhulu. Okusebenza kwimeko enye kusenokungasebenzi kwenye. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga nonyango olukufaneleyo kunye noko bakucebisayo.

I-FAS esebenzayo nexutyiweyo, ingakumbi abo baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo, inokuphucula ngonyango lwesi sifo okanye esihambelanayo. Iimeko ezifana ne-schizophrenia okanye i-bipolar disorder zinokunyangwa ngamayeza, unyango lwempilo yengqondo, okanye zombini.

Unyango lokuthetha lunokuba luncedo phantse kubo bonke abantu abane-FAS. Lunokubanceda baqonde utshintsho oluthile lwesandi kwilizwi labo kwaye basebenzele ukuluphucula okanye ukululungisa. Lunokubanceda baphuhlise amaqhinga abenza kube lula kubo ukuthetha nabanye baze bazive bekhululekile ngakumbi.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndineForeign Accent Syndrome?

I-FAS ayisosimo esisongela ubomi (nangona inokwenzeka kwezinye iimeko ezisongela ubomi). Nangona kunjalo, i-FAS inokuphazamisa ubomi bakho kwaye ikwenze uzive ulusizi. Oku kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokufumana isifo.

Indlela i-FAS eqhubeka ngayo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempawu ezithile onazo. Ngenxa yokuba ziguquguquka kakhulu, ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela into omawuyilindele.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani iForeign Accent Syndrome?

Ubude bexesha elichithwa koku bunokwahluka kakhulu. Izizathu zesakhiwo zinokuba zezexeshana okanye ezisisigxina, kuxhomekeke ekubeni utshintsho lobuchopho luhlala luhleli okanye ingqondo ingaphila na kwinto ebangele oko.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezi ziphumo zinokuguqulwa okanye ungaphila ngokukhawuleza, njengeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungathatha ixesha elide, njengeeveki okanye iinyanga. Ezinye izizathu ze-FAS zihlala zihleli. Imizekelo yezizathu ezinokubangela ukuba zihlale zihleli ziquka i-frontotemporal dementia kunye ne -multiple sclerosis (MS) .

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Imbonakalo ye-FAS inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Le meko ayiyongozi ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, luncinci uphando olufumanekayo ukunceda iingcali zifumanise imbonakalo ngokubanzi yale meko. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ngcono into omawuyilindele kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ngaba i-Foreign Accent Syndrome ingathintelwa?

I-FAS yimeko engalindelekanga, engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngoko ke, akukho ndlela zicacileyo zokuyithintela okanye zokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuphepha ezinye zezinto ezibangela i-structural FAS. Ezi ziquka:

• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko. Ukulimala kwengqondo okubangela i-trauma (TBIs) zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela i-FAS. Ukunxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko, ezifana nezigcina-ntloko kunye neebhanti zesihlalo, kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala okunokubangela i-FAS.
• Lawula iimeko zakho zempilo. Iimeko ezandisa umngcipheko wakho westroke zinokulawulwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya iintloko ezibuhlungu, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini , kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi) .
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Ngokuqaphela into oyityayo nendlela osebenza ngayo, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nestroke okanye unciphise ubukhali bayo. Ezi zinto azinakuthintela ngokupheleleyo iimeko ezinokubangela i-FAS, kodwa notshintsho oluncinci lunokunceda.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndineForeign Accent Syndrome?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-FAS, ugqirha wakho unokukunika isikhokelo esithile malunga noko unokukwenza. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokukwenza kukuya kunyango lokuthetha , ukuba kucetyiswa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile, unyango lokuthetha lunokukunceda ukuba uphile okanye ulungelelane ne-FAS.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-FAS, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho njengoko kucetyisiwe. Kwakhona, bonana nogqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana utshintsho kwindlela othetha ngayo, kufuneka uye kwigumbi lakho elikufutshane longxamiseko, kuba oko kungaba luphawu lwento enzulu, njengestroke.

Ngaba i-Foreign Accent Syndrome yinto yokwenyani?

Ewe, i-foreign accent syndrome yingxaki yokwenyani yezonyango.Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kuyenzeka ngokwenene.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ugqirha akakholelwa ukuba iimpawu zam ziyinyani?

Kubalulekile ukuqonda: I-FAS inqabile kakhulu. Oogqirha abaninzi basenokungaze babone nesigulana esinye esine-FAS kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wabo. Kwanoogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo nabanamava banokucinga ngempazamo ukuba i-FAS yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho akafumani bungqina beempawu zakho, okanye ukuba ubonakala ekrokrela, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho akafumani sizathu sokutshintsha kwentetho yakho, licebo elihle ukufumana uluvo lwesibini kwingcali ye-speech therapist okanye kwi-neurology.

Isifo sokuqaqambisa amazinyo sangaphandle sisifo esingaqhelekanga nesingaqhelekanga. Kodwa siyinyani. Kwaye yinto iingcali ezisazama ukuyiqonda ngcono. Ezinye izizathu ze-FAS zinokufunyaniswa ngeeskeni okanye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga. Ezinye zisenokungafunyaniswa ngobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zangoku.

Nokuba ungayixilonga okanye awuyifumani, i-FAS yimeko enokuphazamisa kakhulu ubomi bakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iba yeyokwexeshana, kodwa inokuba yeyokuhlala ihleli. Ukuba unale meko, thetha nogqirha. Ukuthetha nogqirha ngale meko kunokuvakala ngathi yinto engenangqondo okanye eyoyikisayo. Kodwa inyani yile, yingxaki yezonyango esemthethweni. Ngonyango, unokuhlala uguqula okanye unciphise iziphumo zalo, ukuze uthethe nabo bakungqongileyo ngokuzithemba.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unembono entle ngeForeign Accent Syndrome esithethe ngayo namhlanje.

• Le yimeko yempilo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa yokwenyani. Ayisiyonto nje ehlekisayo.
• Okwenzekayo kukuba indlela ovelisa ngayo izandi ozithethayo iyatshintsha, ayitshintshi nje indlela yokuthetha.
• Oku kunokubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo (ukwakheka kwayo) okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo (ukusebenza kwayo). Ngamanye amaxesha kunokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukuba intetho yakho itshintsha ngequbuliso, musa ukuyityeshela. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Isenokuba luphawu lwento enzulu.
• Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango zibalulekile. Unyango lokuthetha ludla ngokunceda.
• Musa ukudimazeka yile meko. Awuwedwa. Cela uncedo, fumana inkxaso.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kuwe. Sikunqwenelela impilo entle wena nabantu obathandayo!

Isifo Sokuchaneka Kwangaphandle , Utshintsho Lwelizwi, Ubunzima Bokuthetha, Iingxaki Zobuchopho, Iingxaki Zemithambo-luvo, Unyango Lokuthetha, Impilo Yengqondo