Ngaba uyayazi iGallbladder Cancer? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Ngaba ukhe weva ngesitho esincinci esifana nengxowa esikwicala lasekunene lesisu sakho, ngaphantsi kwesibindi sakho? Sisibiza ngokuba yi-gallbladder. Sigcina ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'bile' oluveliswa sisibindi. Le bile isinceda ukuba sitye ukutya okunamafutha esikutyayo. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwesi sitho sincinci. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza we-gallbladder.

Yintoni umhlaza wenyongo?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wenyongo ubangelwa kukuba iiseli eziphilileyo kwinyongo ziba ngumhlaza zize zikhule zingalawuleki. Lo mhlaza udla ngokuqala ngaphakathi kwinye yeeseli kwinyongo. Siwubiza ngokuba yi-`(mucosal layer)`. Emva koko, kancinci kancinci, uqala ukusasazeka.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngale nto kukuba ayibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Uninzi lwexesha, ifunyanwa ngengozi. Khawucinge nje, oogqirha bayifumana le cancer kuphela xa besenza utyando lokususa inyongo ngesinye isizathu.

Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Ukuba lo mhlaza ufunyenwe usekwinqanaba lokuqala, oko kukuthi, ukuba awusasazekanga ngaphaya kwenyongo, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando kunye nokuchacha ngokupheleleyo . Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaninzi, umhlaza sele usasazeke ngaphaya kwenyongo ngexesha lokufunyaniswa kwawo. Ngelo xesha, unyango luba nzima kancinci.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Nangona singenalo ulwazi oluthile ngale nto eSri Lanka, lo ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu kumazwe afana neMelika. Nangona kunjalo, uqhelekile kumazwe aseAsia afana neIndiya, iJapan, iKorea, nakwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika. Isizathu soku sibonwa njengokwanda kwenani lamatye enyongo phakathi kwabantu abakuloo mazwe. Kuba amatye enyongo ayingozi enkulu kulo mhlaza.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wenyongo?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, isizathu esiphambili sokuba lo mhlaza kube nzima ukuwufumanisa kukuba awubonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Nokuba iimpawu zibonakala, zifana kakhulu neempawu ze-gallstones. Ngoko ke abantu bacinga, "Owu, la matye kufuneka ukuba amatye."

Kodwa ukuba uneempawu ezingezantsi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinyamekela.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza uvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle indlela iseli ephilileyo eba yiseli yomhlaza ngayo. Kodwa zifumene izinto ezininzi ezandisa amathuba okufumana lo mhlaza. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zizinto ezinobungozi.

Lo mhlaza ubangelwa lutshintsho (utshintsho) kwiijini. Kodwa olu asilotshintsho lwejini oluzuzwe ngabazali. Lutshintsho olwenzeka ebomini.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

• Kwabasetyhini: Abafazi basengozini enkulu yokufumana lo mhlaza kunamadoda.
• Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa bumalunga neminyaka engama-72.
• Kwabo banee-gallstones: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Inani elincinci labantu abanamatye e-gallstones banokuba nalo mhlaza.
• Kwabo bane-polyps ze-gallbladder: Ukukhula okuncinci okwakheka eludongeni lwe-gallbladder kunokuguquka kube ngumhlaza.
• I-cholecystitis engapheliyo: Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba inyongo ibisivuvukile ixesha elide.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo bukwangumngcipheko.
• Isifo seTyphoid: Isifo seTyphoid esibangelwa yintsholongwane ethi `Salmonella typhi` naso sisifo esingapheliyo kwaye siyingozi.
• I-porcelain gallbladder: Imeko apho i-calcium deposits iqokelelana khona eludongeni lwe-gallbladder, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe nzima njengezitena ze-porcelain. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
• Ii-cysts ze-Choledochal: Iimeko ezifana ne-cyst ezenzeka kwi-bile ducts.

Ukongeza, ukutshaya kunye nokuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yerabha kunye neyamalaphu kukholelwa ukuba kuyandisa umngcipheko.

Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga kuba akukho zimpawu. Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango zosapho lwakho, aze akuhlole. Emva koko, ukuba kukho umhlaza orhanelwayo, uza kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi.

1. Uvavanyo lwegazi (Uvavanyo lwelebhu)

Ezinye izinto ezisegazini zinokulinganiswa ukuze kufunyanwe ulwazi malunga nomhlaza.

• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba ee-enzymes ezikhutshwa sisibindi. La manqanaba anokutshintsha ukuba umhlaza uchaphazele isibindi.
• Uvavanyo lweempawu zesifo somhlaza: Uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-CEA kunye ne-CA 19-9 lujonga amanqanaba ezinto ezikhutshwa ziiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba ezi zinto ziphezulu, oko kuphakamisa ukurhanelwa komhlaza.

2. Uvavanyo lomfanekiso

Olu vavanyo luthatha imifanekiso yamalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho umhlaza na kwaye usasazeke kangakanani.

• I-ultrasound yesisu: Olu lolona vavanyo lulula kakhulu onokulwenza kuqala. Luthatha imifanekiso yezitho zesisu. Ukuba kubonwe into efana nethumba, uza kuthunyelwa kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography):Ii-X-reyi zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yomzimba enqamlezileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubonakale iinkcukacha ezininzi.
• I-MRI scan (iMagnetic resonance imaging): Isebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): I-endoscope (ityhubhu encinci enekhamera) ifakwa ngomlomo, kufakwe idayi kwimibhobho yenyongo, kwaye kuthathwe imifanekiso ye-X-ray. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba imibhobho inciphile na ngenxa yomhlaza.

3. Utyando

• I-Biopsy: Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqiniseka nge-100% ukuba umhlaza ukhona. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwiqhuma elirhanelekayo uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Laparoscopy: Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci esiswini kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera, evumela ugqirha ukuba ajonge ngqo inyongo kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Oku kunceda ekuvavanyeni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

Amanqanaba omhlaza kunye nonyango

Xa oogqirha befumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-cancer staging. Unyango lumiselwa ngokweli nqanaba.

• Inqanaba 0: Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuba ngumhlaza zifumaneka kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-gallbladder.
• Inqanaba loku-1: Umhlaza ukwingqimba engaphakathi yenyongo, kwaye usenokuba usasazeke kwingqimba yemisipha.
• Inqanaba lesi-2: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya komaleko wemisipha.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke waya kumaleko angaphandle kwenyongo nakwizitho ezikufutshane, njengesibindi, okanye kwi-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezikude, kwimithambo yegazi, nakwii-lymph nodes ezininzi.

Umhlaza weSigaba soku-1 ubizwa ngokuba "yingingqi". Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uphelela kwinyongo. Kweli nqanaba, unyango olupheleleyo lunokufezekiswa ngotyando. Unyango luba nzima ngakumbi kwisigaba sesi-2, sesi-3, nesesi-4.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nenqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Unyango lomhlaza wesigaba sokuqala

Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, injongo ephambili kukususa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo ngotyando nokuthintela ukuba ungabuyi.

• Utyando: Ugqirha womhlaza wenza i-cholecystectomy ukuze asuse i-gallbladder. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungekuphela nje i-gallbladder kodwa kunye nee-lymph nodes ezijikelezileyo kunye nenxalenye encinci yesibindi kunokufuneka isuswe.
• Unyango ngemitha: Imitha enamandla aphezulu inikwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:Amayeza anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwazo. Oku kunokunikwa emva kotyando okanye ngonyango lwemitha.

Unyango lomhlaza ophucukileyo

Injongo yonyango lomhlaza ongacocwanga okanye ophinda uvele kukulawula iimpawu nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila, endaweni yokunyanga esi sifo.

Apha kusetyenziswa imitha kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ukongeza, unokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lonyango olutsha.

• Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo: Kunikwa amayeza ajolise kutshintsho oluthile lwemfuza kwiiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Luvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuze ichonge kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ewe. Njengalo naluphi na unyango, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Utyando lunemingcipheko efana neengxaki ezivela kwi-anesthesia, usulelo, kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokulahlekelwa ziinwele, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa. Kodwa zonke ezi zinto zahlukile kumntu ngamnye. Kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olufumanayo kunye neziphumo zalo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okuhle.

Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka?

Inganyangeka. Kodwa ifuna ukubonwa komhlaza kwangethuba kakhulu kwaye isuswe ngotyando ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Okukhona inganyangwa ixesha elide, kokukhona amathuba okuba inyangeke. Yiyo loo nto sithi kufuneka siqaphele iimpawu.