Ngaba ngequbuliso uqalise ukuziva ngathi isisu sakho siza kuqhuma, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, uhlanza kwaye wonke umzimba wakho uza kuphelelwa ngamandla? Akukho namnye kuthi ofuna ukujongana namava anjalo, akunjalo? Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yiCholera. Eli gama livakala liyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa ukuba siyazi ngesi sifo, akunzima kangako kuthi ukuhlala sikhuselekile kuso. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale kholera, indlela ebangelwa ngayo, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuyo, kwasekuqaleni, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, yintoni le kholera?
Ikholera sisifo esibangelwa kusulelo lwebhaktheriya emathunjini ethu, okanye emathunjini. Ibangela urhudo olunzima nolunamanzi. Olu rhudo lunokuba nzulu kangangokuba kwiiyure ezimbalwa, umzimba wakho unokulahlekelwa zizinto ezininzi ezixabisekileyo kunye nee-electrolytes - iityuwa ezibalulekileyo ukuze umzimba wethu usebenze. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni .
Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, ikholera inokubulala ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.
Ukuba unesifo sohudo, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukusela ulwelo oluninzi kangangoko unako . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sohudo sinzima, ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuhlanza, okanye ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kufuneka uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko .
Ikholera ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezingenamanzi acocekileyo okusela kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Ingasasazeka nangokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza, okufana neentlanzi ezinamagqabi, ezingaphekwanga kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuqhambuka kwekholera kwenzeka emva kweentlekele zemvelo ezifana neemvula ezinkulu, izikhukula, kunye neenyikima.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zekholera?
Uphawu oluphambili noluyingozi kakhulu lwekholera, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lurhudo oluqatha. Oku kwahlukile kurhudo oluqhelekileyo. Indle yomntu onekholera idla ngokuba ngwevu, inamafu amancinci, kwaye ine-mucus. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "indle yamanzi erayisi." Olu rhudo lunokuba qatha ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni okusongela ubomi.
Ukuze kube lula kuwe ukuqonda olu lwazi, makhe sijonge ezi mpawu kwitheyibhile.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Urhudo olunzima nolunamanzi | Ukukhupha okukhulu, okungenabuhlungu okufana "namanzi erayisi." |
| Ukuhlanza | Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo, njengoko ukulahleka kolwelo emzimbeni kusanda. |
| Ukoma okugqithisileyo | Isilumkiso esivela engqondweni sokuba ulwelo luyalahleka emzimbeni. |
| Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha | Oku kubangelwa kukulahleka kwee-electrolytes ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium emzimbeni. |
| Ukuziva ubuthathaka kwaye unesiyezi | Ingxaki ebangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Njengoko izintso zizama ukugcina ulwelo emzimbeni, imveliso yomchamo iyancipha kakhulu. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukuze ibuyisele ukwehla komthamo wegazi. |
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku. Asinguye wonke umntu osuleleke yikholera oza kubonisa ezi mpawu. Abanye abantu banokosulelwa ngaphandle kweempawu. Kodwa iintsholongwane zinokukhutshwa ziye kwindawo ezingqongileyo ngendle yazo zize zisasaze esi sifo kwabanye.
Ikholera ivela njani ngokwenene?
Ikholera ibangelwa yibhaktiriya ebizwa ngokuba yiVibrio cholerae . Le bhaktiriya idla ngokuhlala emanzini afudumeleyo, anetyuwa encinci (amdaka).
Ngoko ke, le ntsholongwane ingena njani emizimbeni yethu?
Ngamafutshane, ibangelwa kukusela amanzi okanye ukutya ukutya okungcoliswe yintsholongwane ethi `V. cholerae`. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, inamathela eludongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancinci, apho ivelisa khona ityhefu. Le tyhefu ihlasela iiseli ezisemathunjini, ibangele ukuba zivuze ulwelo oluninzi. Yiyo loo nto ibangela urhudo olukhulu.
Indlela ikholera esasazeka ngayo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye
Ikholera ayisasazeki ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, njengomkhuhlane, ngokuthimla okanye ngokuthetha. Isasazeka ngokungangqalanga. Oko kukuthi, xa iintsholongwane ezikhutshwa kwindalo esingqongileyo ngendle yomntu osulelekileyo zingena emlonyeni womnye umntu.
Khawuthelekelele indawo engenazo izindlu zangasese ezifanelekileyo namanzi ahambayo.
- Ukuba ilindle lomntu onekholera lingena emthonjeni, emlanjeni, okanye emlanjeni, loo manzi ayangcoliswa.
- Abanye abasela loo manzi, abapheka ngawo, okanye abahlamba izandla neenyawo ngaloo manzi nabo banokufumana usulelo.
- Kwakhona, ukuba umntu osulelekileyo akazihlambi kakuhle izandla zakhe ngesepha emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese, unokusasaza iintsholongwane kwabanye ukuba ulungisa ukutya ngezo zandla zingcolileyo okanye ngezinto ezichukumisayo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana ikholera?
Nabani na angafumana ikholera ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci.
- Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezingenamanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko.
- Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezisengozini yeentlekele zemvelo: Imithombo yamanzi isengozini enkulu ngexesha lezikhukula kunye nokudilika komhlaba ngenxa yongcoliseko.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo "O": Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abanegazi lohlobo "O" banokuba neempawu eziqatha ngakumbi ukuba bangenwa yikholera.
- Abantu abane-asidi ephantsi esiswini (Hypochlorhydria): I-asidi esesiswini sethu ifana nomqobo wendalo. Ibulala iintsholongwane. Abantu abathatha amayeza exesha elide e-gastritis, anjenge-proton pump inhibitors, banokuba ne-asidi ephantsi esiswini. Emva koko, i-bacteria `V. cholerae` inokungena lula emathunjini.
- Abantu abaye benza utyando lwesisu (iGastrectomy).
- Abantu abanosulelo lwe-'H. pylori'.
Iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubakho ngenxa yekholera
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngekholera kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokulahleka kwe-electrolyte, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezinokubangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukothuka okubangelwa yi-Hypovolemic: Ngamafutshane, ukothuka okubangelwa kukwehla okuyingozi kolwelo lomzimba kunye nomthamo wegazi. Oku kunokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwizitho zomzimba kwaye kubangele ukuba zingaphumeleli.
- Iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo: Ukuncipha kwee-electrolytes ezifana ne-potassium kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba: Izintso zingonakala ngokukodwa.
Ugqirha uyixilonga aze ayinyange njani ikholera?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Ukuba kukho i-cholera erhanelwayo, kuya kuthunyelwa isampulu yendle ukuze ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikholera ifunyenwe. Oku kungafumanisa ukuba kukho i-bacteria ye-'V. cholerae'. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukujonga ukuba akukho manzi emzimbeni namanqanaba e-electrolyte.
Xa kufikwa kunyango, unyango oluphambili nolubaluleke kakhulu lwekholera kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neetyuwa ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo: Ukuba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni akukubi kakhulu, oogqirha banokucebisa izisombululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (ORS) , ezifana ne "Jeevani" esizaziyo sonke. Ezi ziqulathe isixa esifanelekileyo seetyuwa kunye neeswekile ezifunekayo emzimbeni.
- Ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi: Ukuba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kukhulu kwaye ukuhlanza kwenza kube nzima ukusela ulwelo ngomlomo, ityuwa iya kufakwa emthanjeni esibhedlele.
- Ii-antibiotics: Nangona zingezizo zonke iintsholongwane, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne-doxycycline okanye i-azithromycin ukunciphisa ubukhali kunye nobude bexesha lorhudo.
- Izongezo zeZinc: Ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala iZinc kunokunciphisa ixesha lorhudo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo xa unekholera ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. La mayeza aya kuyithintela kuphela intsholongwane ukuba ingaphumi emzimbeni aze enze isifo sibe sibi ngakumbi.
Amaxesha apho kufuneka uye kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko!
Ngamanye amaxesha asicingi ukuba isifo sorhudo siyinto enzulu. Kodwa kwimeko efana nekholera, sinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu ezingezantsi kunye norhudo olukhulu okanye ukuhlanza, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU) ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukushukuma okukhulu kwemisipha
- Unxano olungenakunyamezeleka
- Ukungachami kancinci kangangeeyure
- Isiyezi esinzima kunye nobuhlungu bentloko
- Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza
- Ukudideka, ingqondo etshintshileyo
Ungayiphepha njani ikholera?
Kukho intetho ethi "Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga." Oku kuyinyaniso eyi-100% kwikholera. Ukuba silandela imikhwa embalwa elula yezempilo, singakhuseleka lula kwikholera.
1.Sela amanzi acocekileyo kuphela: Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngamanzi akuloo ndawo ukuyo, bilisa amanzi kakuhle uze uwasele . Okanye sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni.
2. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha: Kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha, ingakumbi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokutya, nangaphambi kokulungisa ukutya.
3. Ukhuseleko lokutya:
- Pheka ukutya kakuhle.
- Kuphephe ukutya ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza okanye okungaphekwanga kakuhle, ingakumbi iintlanzi ezinamagqabi.
- Gcina ukutya okuphekiweyo kugqunywe kakuhle ukuze kukhuseleke kwiimpukane.
- Ukuba utya iziqhamo nemifuno iluhlaza, zihlambe kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uzitye.
4. Sebenzisa izindlu zangasese ezifanelekileyo: Ukuthintela ilindle ukuba lingangeni kwindawo engqongileyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwezifo.
5. Gonyelwa: Ukuba usiya kwilizwe apho ikholera ixhaphake khona, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana imijovo yomlomo ecetyiswayo. Nangona ezi mijovo zingaboneleli ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo, zinciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Eyona nto iphambili neyona iyingozi kwikholera kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Ukulahleka okukhulu kolwelo kunye neetyuwa emzimbeni kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Urhudo olumanzi, olufana "namanzi erayisi," luphawu oluphambili lwekholera.
- Sela iziselo ezininzi, ingakumbi i-ORS, xa unesifo sorhudo. Ziphephe iziselo ezineswekile (isoda, iziselo zeziqhamo), ezinokwenza isifo sorhudo sibe sibi ngakumbi.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana norhudo olunzima, ukuhlanza, ukoma kakhulu, kunye nokungakwazi ukuchama, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko .
- Ukusela amanzi acocekileyo nokuhlamba izandla kakuhle ngesepha zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuthintela ikholera.
- Ngayiphi na ingxaki yempilo, ingakumbi xa uneempawu ezinzulu ezifana nezi, cela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho .
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