Ngaba wakha weva "ngamatye enyongo"? Mhlawumbi omnye wamalungu osapho lwakho okanye umhlobo wakhe waba nale meko. Ngamafutshane, la ngamaqhekeza aqinileyo, afana nelitye abumba ngaphakathi kwenyongo yakho, ilungu elincinci elingaphantsi kwesibindi sakho. Ugqirha wakho usenokubiza le meko ngokuthi "i-cholelithiasis."
Umsebenzi we-gallbladder kunye nendlela amatye akhiwa ngayo
Kulungile, masiqale sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwinyongo. Umsebenzi ophambili wenyongo kukugcina okwethutyana 'inyongo', okanye ulwelo esilubiza ngokuba yi-'(inyongo), olusinceda sitye ukutya esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukutya okunamafutha. Le 'nyongo' iveliswa esibindini. Ukongeza ekusincedeni sitye ukutya, le 'nyongo' ikwasetyenziselwa ukususa inkunkuma efana ne-cholesterol egqithisileyo kunye ne-bilirubin emzimbeni.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ngesizathu esithile ubungakanani be-cholesterol okanye i-bilirubin kule 'bile' buyanda, okanye ukuba ibhalansi yeekhemikhali kwi 'bile' ilahlekile, ziyaqokelelana zize ziqine zibe ngamatye. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngamatye enyongo. La matye anokuba mancinci njengesanti, okanye abe makhulu njengebhola yegalufa. Abanye abantu banokuba nelitye elinye elikhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba namakhulu amatye amancinci.
Ixesha elininzi, la matye awabangeli zimpawu okanye iintlungu. Siwabiza ngokuba "ngamatye enyongo athuleyo." Ingxaki iqala xa ilitye libhajwa kumbhobho wenyongo. Kulapho ke kuqala khona intlungu enzima.
Iintlobo eziphambili zamatye enyongo
Amatye enyongo anokwahlulwa abe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwelitye | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Amatye e-cholesterol | Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo (malunga nama-80%). Zenziwe ikakhulu yi-cholesterol enganyibilikiyo. Zihlala zinombala otyheli-luhlaza. |
| Amatye e-pigment | Ezi zimdaka okanye zimnyama ngombala kuba zenziwe nge-bilirubin. Abantu abanesifo sesibindi kunye neengxaki zegazi ezifana ne-sickle cell anemia banamathuba amaninzi okufumana olu hlobo lwamatye. |
Uyazi njani ukuba unesifo senyongo? (Iimpawu)
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, abantu abaninzi banamatye kodwa ababonisi zimpawu. Iimpawu zenzeka kuphela xa ilitye livala umbhobho wenyongo othwala inyongo kwinyongo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"gallbladder attack" okanye "biliary colic". Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Intlungu ekhawulezileyo neqatha kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu, ngaphantsi kweembambo.
- Intlungu yesisu isasazeka egxalabeni lasekunene okanye emqolo ophakathi.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
- Ezinye iingxaki zokugaya ukutya ezifana nokudumba, ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya, isitshiso sentliziyo, kunye nokuqunjelwa.
Injani le ntlungu?
Intlungu yenyongo inokuba nzima kakhulu. Abanye bathi ivakala ngathi ihlatywa ngemela. Intlungu inzima kangangokuba abanye abantu bacinga ukuba kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Intlungu idla ngokuqala emva kokutya okunamafutha.
- Ngamanye amaxesha intlungu inokuba nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ikuvuse ebusuku.
- Intlungu ingahlala ukusuka kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi.
- Nje ukuba ilitye lisuswe kwindawo elibambeke kuyo, intlungu iya kuphela ngokuzenzekelayo.
| Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza! | |
|---|---|
| ⚠️ | Ukuba intlungu yesisu sakho ihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2 okanye ayinyamezeleki. |
| ⚠️ | Ukuba unomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda kunye nentlungu. |
| ⚠️ | Ukuba ulusu okanye amehlo akho ajika abe tyheli (sibiza oku ngokuba yi-jaundice). |
| Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Okanye uye ngqo kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele. | |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana amatye enyongo?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana amatye enyongo kunabanye. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko:
- Ukuba ngumfazi: Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa amatye kunamadoda.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Abantu abatyebe kakhulu basengozini enkulu.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba namatye enyongo, nawe unokuba nawo.
- Ukukhulelwa: Umngcipheko unokwanda kancinci ngenxa yeehomoni ezikhutshwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza: Ukunciphisa umzimba kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane nako kuyimbangela.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango: Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sikaCrohn, kunye nesifo sesibindi.
- Ukutya: Ukutya ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, i-cholesterol eninzi, kunye ne-fiber encinci.
- Amayeza athile: Kwabo bathatha iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa okanye unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni.
Ugqirha angaqinisekisa njani ukuba eli lilitye lenyongo?
Emva kokumamela iimpawu zakho nokukuxilonga, ugqirha wakho unokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa imeko.
- I-Ultrasound yesisu: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo nolulula ukulwenza. Lunokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho amatye kwi-gallbladder yakho nakwi-bile ducts.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekujongeni usulelo, ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct, okanye ezinye iingxaki.
- Ezinye iiskeni: Kwezinye iimeko, ungathunyelwa kwiiskeni ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-`CT` scan, `MRCP` (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography), kunye ne-`HIDA` scan.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-gallstones?
Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni unazo na iimpawu okanye awunazo.
Ukuba une "gallstones ezithuleyo" ezingenazo iimpawu, akukho nyango lufunekayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uhlale ujonge.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu, unokufuna unyango. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lutyando lokususa ngokupheleleyo inyongo.
Ukususwa kwenyongo ngotyando (Cholecystectomy)
Usenokuba uzibuza, "Owu, ungaphila ususiwe inyongo yakho?"Ewe, ungakwenza ngaphandle kweengxaki. Xa inyongo ingasekho, inyongo eveliswa sisibindi ingena ngqo emathunjini amancinci. Umzimba uyaqhela oku emva kwexesha elithile.
Utyando lwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Le yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Kwenziwa imingxunya embalwa esiswini, kufakwa ikhamera kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye inyongo isuswe. Le nkqubo inokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuhlala esibhedlele kudla ngokuba kufutshane kangangemini enye.
2. I-Open Cholecystectomy: Le yinkqubo apho inyongo isuswa khona ngesilonda esikhulu esiswini. Oku kwenziwa ukuba kukho usulelo olunzima okanye ezinye iingxaki. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba umntu aphile.
Unyango olunokwenziwa ngaphandle kotyando
Kumntu onezinye iimeko zempilo ezenza utyando lungenzeki, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokuqwalaselwa.
- Amayeza: Kukho amayeza anokunyibilikisa amatye e-cholesterol. Kodwa la asetyenziswa kuphela kumatye amancinci kakhulu. Kwaye unyango lungathatha iinyanga, kwaneminyaka. Nje ukuba unyango luyekiswe, amatye anokuphinda abuye.
- Indlela ye-ERCP: Indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) isetyenziselwa ukususa amatye anamathele kwimibhobho yenyongo.
Ngaba amatye enyongo angathintelwa?
Nangona singenakutshintsha ezinye izinto ezinobungozi (ezifana nobudala kunye nembali yosapho), singawunciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukutyeba kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukunciphisa ubunzima obukhulu ngaxeshanye. Yehlisa ubunzima kancinci, ngendlela esempilweni.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Nciphisa ukutya okukhawulezileyo kunye nokutya okucutshungulweyo okuneoyile eninzi, amafutha, kunye neswekile. Faka ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi njengemifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Zilolonge rhoqo, njengokuhamba, ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
- Musa ukutsiba ukutya: Ukuzila ukutya iiyure ezininzi ngexesha kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba inyongo iqokeleleke kwinyongo ize yenze amatye. Ngoko ke musa ukutsiba ukutya kwakho okuphambili.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amatye enyongo axhaphake kakhulu. Uninzi lwexesha, awabangeli zimpawu.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu inokuba luphawu olukhulu lwe-gallstone.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, okanye ukutyheli kwamehlo/ulusu, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
- Unyango olungcono noluhlala luhleli lwamatye enyongo abangela iimpawu kukususwa kwenyongo ngotyando.
- Ukutya okunempilo kunye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-gallstones. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo.
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