Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuphefumla? Ingaba kungenxa yeTracheal Stenosis? Masifumanise ngokuqinisekileyo!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla xa unyuka izinyuko okanye uhamba ngokukhawuleza? Okanye uva isandi somlozi emqaleni wakho xa uphefumla, ingakumbi xa uphefumla kwaye ukhupha umoya? Mhlawumbi umntwana wakho omncinci uyaphefumla kwaye ubonakala ediniwe xa esela ubisi? Musa ukuzityeshela ezi zinto. Kuba kusenokuba kukho isizathu sezonyango emva kwazo. Leyo yenye yeemeko esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje. Leyo yiTracheal Stenosis .

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTracheal Stenosis?

Musa ukoyikiswa leli gama. Masiqonde oku ngokulula. Umphimbo wakho womoya, oko kukuthi, inxalenye esiyibiza ngokuba yi-windpipe (ngesiNgesi, `Trachea`), yinxalenye ethatha umoya esiwuthathayo usuka empumlweni nasemlonyeni wethu uye emiphungeni yethu. Kufana nombhobho othwala amanzi avela kwitanki yamanzi. Khawucinge ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba lo mbhobho uba mxinwa okanye uvalwe ngaphakathi ngesizathu esithile? Ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyehla, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto.

I-Tracheal Stenosis kuxa umbhobho wakho womoya uncipha ngesizathu esithile. Oku kuncipha kunokubangelwa lusulelo, ukwenzakala, okanye ukukhula kwezicubu ezibomvu. Xa umbhobho womoya uncipha ngale ndlela, akukho ndawo ingako yokungena komoya emiphungeni. Kulapho kuvela khona ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Igama elithi "Stenosis" ligama lezonyango elithetha ukucutheka okungaqhelekanga kombhobho okanye indlela emzimbeni. Oku kunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emqaleni.

• I-Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Kule meko, zombini i-windpipe (trachea) kunye ne-voice box (larynx) ziyancitshiswa.
• I-Subglottic Stenosis: Oku kukuncipha kwendawo engaphantsi kwee-vocal cords, kodwa ngaphezulu komphimbo womoya.

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngayo le meko.

I-tracheal stenosis inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.

1. I-Acquired Tracheal Stenosis: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubangelwa kukugula, ukwenzakala, okanye esinye isizathu ebomini bethu. Lunokwenzeka kubantu abadala nakubantwana.

2. I-Congenital Tracheal Stenosis (CTS): Le yimeko ekhoyo xa kuzalwa umntwana. Ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Ichaphazela phantse umntwana omnye kwiintsana ezingama-64,500. Nangona kunjalo, yimeko eyingozi kakhulu kwaye isongela ubomi kumntwana omncinci. Uninzi lwexesha, le meko ifunyaniswa xa kuzalwa umntwana okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi bakhe.

Kumntwana osandul' ukuzalwaLe yimeko engxamisekileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye ubonisa iimpawu zobunzima bokuphefumla, mse kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Nangona kunjalo, zombini ezi ntlobo zibangela ubunzima bokuphefumla. Zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wobomi bakho. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko.

Zithini iimpawu zeTracheal Stenosis?

Uninzi lwezi mpawu ziqhelekile kubantu abadala nakubantwana. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu.

Iimpawu ezithile kubantwana

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zingasentla, abantwana banokubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezithile.

• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Zisenokuba nobunzima bokuncancisa ubisi lwebele okanye ibhotile. Zisenokubonakala zidiniwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga emva kokuncancisa.
• Abantwana abadala: Basenokuminxeka xa besitya baze babe nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Abantwana abadala: Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wolusu kunye neentsini ezijikeleze impumlo (`cyanosis`) unokubonwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi alifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Kutheni le meko isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Ezi ntlobo zimbini esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili zibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo.

Isizathu semeko yokuzalwa (CTS):

Oku kwenzeka xa i-cartilage eyakha umbhobho womntwana ingakhuli kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbhobho womntwana ube mxinwa kunesiqhelo xa ezalwa.

Izizathu zemeko ebomini:

Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yile intubation ende. Yintoni intubation? Kwimeko apho kunzima ukuphefumla, ityhubhu ifakwa kwi-windpipe ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukunceda isigulane siphefumle. Olu lunyango olusindisa ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, kuba le tube ingaphakathi kwi-windpipe, inokonakalisa izicubu apho, ibangele amanxeba kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-windpipe. Xa olu hlobo lwetyhubhu lusetyenziselwa ukuphefumla abantwana abazelwe benamaphaphu angavuthwanga, le meko inokwenzeka kamva.

Ukongeza kwi-intubation, ezinye izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela oku:

• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Iimeko ezifana neGranulomatosis enePolyangiitis (GPA) apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo.
• Iimeko zokudumba: Izifo ezichaphazela imiphunga, ezifana nePulmonary Sarcoidosis.
• Izifo: Iintsholongwane okanye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezichaphazela indlela yokuphefumla, ezifana nesifo sephepha.
• Iithumba: Iithumba zizityalo ezikhula ngomhlaza okanye ezingezizo ezomhlaza ezicinezela umbhobho womoya.
• Ukuphefumla izinto ezinobuthi:Ukonakala kombhobho womoya ngenxa yeekhemikhali ezifuthayo okanye iigesi ezinobuthi.
• Unyango lweMisebe: Njengesiphumo esingesihle sonyango lweMisebe olujoliswe entanyeni okanye esifubeni.
• Utyando lweTracheostomy: Ukuvula amanxeba emva kotyando ukuze kuphume umngxuma entanyeni kwaye kufakwe ityhubhu kumbhobho womoya ukunceda ukuphefumla xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho, aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumelele uvavanyo oluthile. Oogqirha beendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT) ngabona badla ngokunyanga esi sifo.

Iimvavanyo eziphambili ezenziweyo zezi:

• Iinkqubo ze-Endoscopic: Oku kuquka ukuhlola ingaphakathi lendlela yomoya kusetyenziswa ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili olusetyenziswayo ukufumanisa esi sifo. Kule nto, ityhubhu idluliselwa kwi-windpipe ukuze kubonwe ngqo ukuba ukuncitshiswa kukuphi, ububanzi bako, kunye nesizathu.
• I-Laryngoscopy: Le ndlela ihlola iintambo zelizwi kunye nendawo ezijikeleze zona.
• Iinkqubo zoMfanekiso:
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): I-CT scan yentamo nesifuba inokunika umbono olungileyo wendawo kunye nohlobo lokuncitshiswa.
• I-MRI Scan (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance): Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRI scan inokwenziwa ukunceda ekucwangciseni unyango.
• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga: Oku kuquka ukukucela ukuba uphefumle kwaye ukhuphe umoya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze ulinganise ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani kunye nokuba ukuncitshiswa kwendlela yakho yomoya kuyichaphazela njani indlela ophefumla ngayo.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wesifo. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukudumba okurhanelekayo, okanye kwenziwe i -biopsy (ukuthatha isiqwenga sethishu ukuze kuhlolwe) ukuba kukho iqhuma elingaqhelekanga ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba lingumhlaza.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango oluphambili lwale meko kukwandisa umbhobho womoya oxinyiweyo ngotyando okanye ezinye iindlela. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ngolona nyango lufanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubukhali bemeko yakho kunye nendawo ekunciphe kuyo.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango:

• Ukwanda kweTracheal: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ibhaluni okanye isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-'dilator') kumbhobho wakho womoya, eyolula kancinci kancinci aze andise indawo enciphileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
• I-Laser Bronchoscopy: Umqadi welaser udluliselwa kwi-bronchoscope ukutshisa izicubu ezibangela ukuvaleka, ngaloo ndlela uvule kwakhona indlela yomoya.
• I-Trachea Airway Stent: Oku kuquka ukubeka ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (stent) eyenziwe ngeplastiki okanye ngesinyithi ngaphakathi kwendlela yomoya evalekileyo. I-stent inceda ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile kwaye ingenakuvalwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka kubo bonke abaguli, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindawo evalekileyo.
• Ukususwa kweTracheal Resection kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona: Le yindlela yotyando eqhelekileyo kule meko. Ibandakanya ukusika ngokupheleleyo inxalenye evalekileyo yomphimbo womoya kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona iindawo ezisele ziphilile. Oku kunokunceda ukubuyisela indlela yomoya engaphazanyiswanga.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva konyango?

Ukuba unale meko, ungadinga utyando okanye olunye unyango. Ixesha lokuchacha kunye neziphumo zonyango ngalunye ziyahluka.

Umzekelo, utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction' lunzulu ngakumbi. Kodwa lunethuba eliphezulu lokusombulula ingxaki yokuncitshiswa kwexesha elide. Iindlela ezingezizo zotyando ezifana ne-'Tracheal Dilation' azinabungozi kangako. Kusenokufuneka ukuba lwenziwe kube kanye, okanye kusenokufuneka uphinde inkqubo ngamanye amaxesha.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ekhaya emva konyango?

Emva kotyando okanye olunye unyango, kuya kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo ethile ekhaya. Le miyalelo ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunyango olufumeneyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela oku. Ngokwesiqhelo baya kukuxelela ukuba ulumke ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukutya Neziselo: Kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala, ungacelwa ukuba unciphise ukutya okuselayo okanye ukutya okuthambileyo okulula ukukuginya. Kungcono ukutya ukutya okuneziqholo ezimbalwa kodwa okungenaziqholo kakhulu.
• Ukulala: Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, ungacelwa ukuba ulale neepillow ukuze umzimba wakho ongasentla uhlale uphezulu kancinci.
• Ukulawula iintlungu: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungathatha amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu okanye amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Imisebenzi: Uyacetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kunye nemisebenzi enzima kwiveki yokuqala emva kotyando.

Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone ugqirha kwakhona? Ngawaphi amaxesha ekufuneka ndiye kwi-ETU?

Emva konyango, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika amadinga okulandela ukuze ajonge inkqubela yakho. Usenokucelwa ukuba ubuye rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa ekuqaleni. Ukuba uphilile, unokucelwa ukuba ubuye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Uza kuhlolwa de uqiniseke ngokupheleleyo ukuba imeko ayikabuyi.

Fowunela ugqirha wakho nanini na xa uziva kunzima ukuphefumla . Ukulibazisa unyango ngexesha elinje kunokuba yingozi. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?

Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ukuba iimpawu esizixubushe ngaphambili ziyavela kwakhona, oko kungaba luphawu lokuba iTracheal Stenosis yakho ibuye kwakhona. Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko.

Ingakumbi, ukuba unyamekela umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa okanye umntwana omncinci, ukuba umntwana ubonisa ubunzima bokuphefumla, mthathe ngoko nangoko umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa nomzuzu omnye.