Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngohlobo olutsha lwenaliti olunceda kwisifo seswekile kunye nokunciphisa umzimba. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umhlobo okanye isalamane sithetha ngayo. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lutsha lwamayeza abantu abaninzi abathetha ngalo lubizwa ngokuba yi-GLP-1 agonists. Masichaze yonke into ngayo namhlanje, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.
Ngoobani aba bantu basebenza kwi-GLP-1 Agonists?
Ngamafutshane, ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ludidi lwamayeza anceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa amanye ala mayeza akwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abatyebe kakhulu.
Ixesha elininzi, eli yeza liza njengenaliti. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungalinika ngokwakho usebenzisa isirinji kunye nenaliti. Eli yeza kufuneka lifakwe kwi-fatty layer phantsi kwesikhumba. Ngokukodwa, ungalifaka esiswini, ngasemva kwamathanga, kwinxalenye ephezulu yeempundu, nasemva kweengalo.
Olu hlobo lwamayeza lwaziwa ngamagama amaninzi. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzazi zonke, kodwa ukuba uzibona, kufuneka uqonde ukuba zonke zithetha into enye.
- Ii-agonists ezifana ne-glucagon-like peptide-1
- Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 receptor
- Ii-Incretin mimetics
- Ii-analog ze-GLP-1
Olu hlobo lwamayeza lutsha kakhulu. I-agonist yokuqala ye-GLP-1 (i-Exenatide) yavunywa ngo-2005. Ngoko ke abaphandi basahlola ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zale mayeza.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula into enye. Awunakuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini okanye ukutyeba kakhulu ngala mayeza kuphela. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, kubalulekile ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye noko ukutyayo nokuselayo, kunye namayeza.
Ziziphi iintlobo zangoku zamayeza e-agonist e-GLP-1?
Ezi zezinye zezona ziyobisi ziphambili ze-GLP-1 agonist ezikhoyo ngoku. Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukunike enye yazo.
| Igama eliqhelekileyo leyeza | Igama lebrand |
|---|---|
| I-Dulaglutide | I-Trulicity® |
| I-Exenatide | I-Byetta® |
| I-Exenatide (ukukhululwa okwandisiweyo) | I-Bydureon® |
| I-Liraglutide | I-Victoza® |
| I-Lixisenatide | I-Adlyxin® |
| I-Semaglutide (inaliti) | I-Ozempic® |
| I-Semaglutide (iipilisi) | I-Rybelsus® |
Ukongeza koku, kukho olunye uhlobo lwamayeza asebenza ngendlela efanayo. Abizwa ngokuba yi-dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. Okwangoku kukho elinye iyeza loluhlobo. Elo yiTirzepatide (Mounjaro®).
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde indlela eli yeza elisebenza ngayo, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci ngehomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-GLP-1 ekhoyo ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu.
I-GLP-1 yi-hormone eveliswa ngamathumbu akho amancinci. Ifana nesithunywa emizimbeni yethu. Yenza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
1. Ivuselela ukuveliswa kwe-insulin yipancreas: I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekileyo enceda ukuguqula ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla. Ikwenza oku ngokunciphisa ubungakanani beswekile (i-glucose) egazini. Ukuba akukho insulin yaneleyo, inqanaba leswekile egazini liyanyuka kwaye isifo seswekile siyakhula. Ngoko ke i-hormone ye-GLP-1 inika i-pancreas "umqondiso", isithi, "Kulungile, velisa i-insulin ngoku."
2. Iyeka ukuveliswa kwehomoni iGlucagon: IGlucagon yihomoni esebenza ngokuchasene ne-insulin. Oko kukuthi, *inyusa* amanqanaba eswekile egazini xa kufuneka. Ngoko ke, ngokuyeka ukuveliswa kweglucagon, ihomoni iGLP-1 ithintela ukongezwa kweswekile engaphezulu egazini.
3. Kucothisa ukukhupha isisu: Ngamafutshane, kwandisa ixesha lokutya okutyayo okuhlala esiswini sakho. Oku kuvumela iswekile ekutyeni ukuba ingene egazini lakho kancinci. Oku kunceda ukulawula ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini.
4.Yandisa ukuziva ugcwele emva kokutya: I-hormone ye-GLP-1 ikwachaphazela iindawo zengqondo zethu ezilawula indlala kunye nokugcwala. Ngenxa yoko, siziva sigcwele nasemva kokutya okuncinci, kwaye umnqweno wethu wokutya uyancipha.
Ngoku, ngaba uyaqonda ukuba isebenza njani i-hormone yendalo ye-GLP-1? Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngeyeza. Oko kwenziwa yi-agonist drug ye-GLP-1 kukuziphatha njenge-hormone yendalo. Oko kukuthi, "ilinganisa" loo hormone. Xa iyeza lingena emzimbeni, libopha kwii-receptors ze-hormone ye-GLP-1 kwaye lenze into efanayo njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Njengoko umthamo weyeza usanda, esi siphumo siyanda.
Ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, eli yeza lilawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini ngokunyusa imveliso ye-insulin nokulawula ukuphuma kwesisu.
Kuba kwandisa ukuziva ugcwele, ubungakanani bokutya okutyiwayo buyancipha, kwaye inkanuko yokufuna ukutya iyancipha. Xa konke oku kuhlanganiswa, isiphumo kukunciphisa umzimba.
Ngubani omele asebenzise eli yeza?
Oogqirha ikakhulu banika eli yeza kwiimeko ezimbini: isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile
Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 zivunyiwe ukunyanga isifo seswekile kuba zisebenza kakuhle ekwehliseni amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
Kukho amanye amayeza esifo seswekile. I-Metformin idla ngokuba lukhetho lokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-agonist ye-GLP-1 kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- Ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle nge-metformin yodwa.
- Ukuba unengxaki yempilo ekuthintelayo ukuba usebenzise i-metformin.
- Ukuba ixabiso lakho le-A1C liphezulu kakhulu kunenqanaba ekujoliswe kulo.
- Ukuba i-A1C yakho ayilawulwa emva kweenyanga ezintathu zonyango kwaye unezinye iimeko zempilo ezifana ne -atherosclerosis , ukusilela kwentliziyo , okanye isifo sezintso esingapheliyo .
Ukutyeba kakhulu
Ezinye ii-agonists ze-GLP-1, ezifana neSemaglutide kunye neLiraglutide enedosi ephezulu, nazo ziyavunyelwa ukunyanga ukutyeba kakhulu, njengoko zinamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bomzimba. Ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko engapheliyo apho i-body mass index yakho (BMI) ingama-30 okanye ngaphezulu.
Kwakhona, ugqirha anganika eli yeza kumntu one-BMI ephakathi kwama-25 nama-29.9 (otyebileyo kakhulu) kwaye enezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokulawulwa ngokunciphisa umzimba.
Ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko enzima. Amayeza odwa awanelanga. Iziphumo eziphumelelayo zinokufumaneka kuphela xa kuhlanganiswa izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokutya okulungileyo, umthambo, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha .
Indlela yokusebenzisa iyeza kwaye kangaphi
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngokucacileyo ukuba kufuneka ulithathe nini kwaye kangaphi eli yeza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela loo miyalelo ngqo. Inani eliqhelekileyo lamaxesha okusebenzisa eli yeza liboniswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Igama leyeza | Ukuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Dulaglutide | Kanye ngeveki |
| I-Exenatide | Kabini ngemini |
| I-Exenatide (ukukhululwa okwandisiweyo) | Kanye ngeveki |
| I-Liraglutide | Kanye ngosuku |
| I-Lixisenatide | Kanye ngosuku |
| I-Semaglutide | Kanye ngeveki |
| ITirzepatide | Kanye ngeveki |
I-Semaglutide ikwafumaneka kwifomu yepilisi. Liyeza ekufuneka lithathwe yonke imihla.
Ziziphi ezinye iingenelo zale yeza?
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni iswekile egazini kunye nokunciphisa umzimba, uphando lufumanise ukuba la mayeza anezinye izibonelelo ezininzi.
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukuphucula iingxaki ze-lipid ezifana ne-cholesterol egazini.
- Ukunciphisa isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo nesifo sezintso.
- Ukulawula izinga lomonakalo wezintso obangelwa sisifo seswekile (diabetic nephropathy).
Masifunde nangeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu alubi nazo ezi mpawu, kwaye ukuba ziyenzeka, ziyaphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
| Iintlobo zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga | |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo Eziqhelekileyo Ezingalindelekanga | |
Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza okanye xa umthamo unyusiwe. | |
| Ezinye Iziphumo Ezingalindelekanga | |
| |
| Iziphumo Ezingaqhelekanga Kodwa Ezinzima | |
|
Iingozi kunye neengxaki
Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ngokubanzi ziimithi ezikhuselekileyo, kodwa kukho iingozi ezithile ekufuneka uzazi.
Iimpendulo ze-Allergic
Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kule yeza. Ukuba usoloko urhawuzelelwa okanye ubomvu kwindawo ohlatywe kuyo inaliti, thetha nogqirha wakho. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho i-allergy enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis . Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo, fowunela i-ambulensi okanye uye kwigumbi elikufutshane le-emergency (ETU).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- IiHives
- Ubunzima bokuginya
- Urhawuzelelo olubomvu
- Intlungu yesisu
- Ukuqina kwesifuba
Sebenzisa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Izifundo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba eli yeza linokulimaza umntwana ongekazalwa. Kufuneka usebenzise ucwangciso lokuzalwa olufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukukhulelwa ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Amanqanaba aphantsi eswekile egazini (iHypoglycemia)
Umngcipheko wokuba neswekile ephantsi egazini (hypoglycemia) uphantsi xa usela eli yeza lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usela amanye amayeza eswekile, anjenge-insulin okanye i-sulfonylureas, kunye neli yeza, lo mngcipheko uyanda kakhulu.
I-Hypoglycemia yimeko apho amanqanaba eswekile egazini ehla ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokuba yingozi ebomini.
Iimpawu:
- Ukungcangcazela komzimba
- Ukubila nokuziva ubanda
- Isiyezi kunye namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Umzimba ongenabomi
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo
- Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Ulusu olukhanyayo
- Isicaphucaphu
Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, kufuneka ukhawuleze utye into equlethe iswekile okanye iicarbohydrate. Umzekelo, isiqingatha sebhanana okanye isiqingatha sekomityi yejusi yeapile.
Ndifanele ndithethe nini nogqirha?
Ukuba usebenzisa i-agonist ye-GLP-1, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Ukongeza, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ilandelayo:
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza.
- Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba iyeza alincedi kwimeko yakho.
- Ukuba uziva ufuna ukuyeka amayeza.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-agonists ze-GLP-1 ziluhlobo olusebenzayo kakhulu lwamayeza anceda ukulawula isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.
- Ezi zisebenza ngokulinganisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-GLP-1 ekhoyo ngokwendalo emizimbeni yethu.
- Ezi zinceda ekulawuleni iswekile egazini, zinciphise ubunzima, kwaye zikhusela intliziyo kunye nezintso.
- Kubalulekile ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye nendlela otya ngayo xa usebenzisa eli yeza. Oku kukodwa akuyonto 'yomlingo'.
- Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, le inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.
- Ugqirha wakho kufuneka agqibe ukuba eli yeza likulungele na. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa eli yeza kuphela xa ucetyiswe ngugqirha.
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