Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba eli gazi lingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu livela phi kwaye lenziwa njani? Siyazi ukuba libaluleke kangakanani eli gazi ukusigcina sisempilweni, lisikhusele kwizifo, kwaye lithwale ioksijini kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nkqubo imangalisayo, oko kukuthi, umzimba wethu wenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi ngokwawo. Lifana nomzi-mveliso omncinci ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Yintoni i-hematopoiesis?
Ngamafutshane, iHematopoiesis yinkqubo yokuvelisa iiseli zegazi ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Njengoko iiseli zegazi ezindala zisifa, kufuneka kuveliswe iiseli ezintsha zegazi rhoqo ukuze zithathe indawo yazo. Ngaphandle kwazo, ukunikezelwa kwegazi lethu kuya kuba sengozini. Le nkqubo iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe kwaye iqhubeka ngomjikelo ubomi bethu bonke.
Eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa intsingiselo yalo ilula kakhulu. Lenziwe ngamagama amabini esiGrike:
- IHaîma (Haima): ithetha "igazi"
- I-Poiēsis: ithetha "ukwenza into"
Ngoku uyaqonda, akunjalo? Xa la magama mabini edibene, athetha "ukwakheka kwegazi." Ngamanye amaxesha amagama anje `(hemopoiesis)` kunye `(hematogenesis)` nawo ayasetyenziswa koku.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli zegazi eziveliswa yile nkqubo?
Igazi lethu lenziwe yingqokelela yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Zonke ezi ntlobo zeeseli ziveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-hematopoiesis. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili kunye nemisebenzi yazo.
| Uhlobo lweeseli zegazi | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu okanye ii-Erythrocytes | Ezi 'ziinkonzo zokuhambisa' ezithatha ioksijini emiphungeni yethu ziyithwale ziye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho kunye neeseli emzimbeni. Zikwathwala imveliso yenkunkuma yekhabhoni dayoksayidi eveliswa ziiseli ziyibuyisele emiphungeni. Igazi lethu liqulathe uninzi lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Inkqubo yokwenza ezi zinto ibizwa ngokuba yi-Erythropoiesis . |
| Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe okanye iiLeukocytes | La 'ngumkhosi' wemizimba yethu. La maseli amhlophe egazi asikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe njengeentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Akwanceda ekutshabalaliseni iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezakha emzimbeni. Inkqubo yokuzenza ibizwa ngokuba yi-leukopoiesis . |
| Iiplatelets okanye iiThrombocytes | Khawucinge ngento enokwenzeka ukuba ungazisika isandla sakho. Emva kwexesha elithile, ukopha kuyayeka, akunjalo? Yiloo nto iiplatelets zinceda ngayo. Ezi ziziqwenga zeeseli ezinamathelayo. Xa kukho inxeba, ziyahlangana ukuze zenze ihlwili, zimise ukopha. Inkqubo yokwenza ezi zinto ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombopoiesis . |
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi?
Ewe, njengasemkhosini wethu, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Nganye inomsebenzi othile ekufuneka iwenze. Iintlobo eziphambili zezi:
- Ii-neutrophils
- IiBasophils
- Ii-Eosinophils
- Iimonocytes
- Iilymphocytes - Ezi zahlulwe ngakumbi zibe zii-B-cells, ii-T-cells, kunye neeNatural Killer cells.
Olu hlobo lwegazi lwenzeka phi kanye kanye?
Umzi-mveliso oyintloko ovelisa ezi seli zegazi ungaphakathi komongo wethu wethambo . Umongo wethambo sisicwili esithambileyo nesithambileyo esingaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu. Iiseli zegazi zenziwa kumongo wethambo, othi emva koko udibane nemithambo yegazi yethu.
Nangona igazi lidla ngokuveliswa kumongo wethambo, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba umongo wethambo unesifo esiwuthintelayo ekwenzeni igazi, amalungu anjengesibindi sethu kunye nepleen nawo anokuqala ukuvelisa igazi.
Kodwa iindawo apho eli gazi liveliswa khona zahlukile kancinci ngaphambi nasemva kokuba sizalwe.
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa (kwinqanaba lokukhulelwa)
Kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, igazi liveliswa kwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-yolk sac. Emva koko, njengoko ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, lo msebenzi udluliselwa esibindini nakwi-spleen. Malunga nenyanga yesihlanu yokukhulelwa, igazi liqala ukuveliswa ikakhulu kumongo wethambo.
Emva kokuzalwa
Ukususela kumhla esizalwa ngawo de sibe ngabantu abadala, umongo wethambo yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuveliswa kweeseli zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes lukhula nakwiindawo ezifana ne-thymus, eziyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-lymphatic, ukongeza kumongo wethambo.
Iyenzeka njani inkqubo ye-hematopoiesis?
Lonke eli xesha liqala ngeseli enye ekhethekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiHematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC).Masibize oku ngokuthi "yiseli kamama" okanye "yiseli eyintloko." Le seli kamama inokuba yiseli ebomvu yegazi, iseli emhlophe yegazi, iplatelet, naluphi na uhlobo lweseli yegazi.
Cinga ngale nto njengeqhekeza lodongwe. Njengokuba kunjalo kwimbiza, iqhekeza lodongwe lingasetyenziswa ukwenza imbiza, ipleyiti, okanye nantoni na enye, naliphi na iseli yegazi linokwenziwa ngale seli ye-HSC.
Le seli ye-HSC iqala ibe yiseli "eyandulelayo". Le seli eyandulelayo emva koko yahlukana kwaye yahlukane izihlandlo ezininzi, ekugqibeleni ibe yiseli ebomvu yegazi ephuhlileyo, iseli emhlophe yegazi, okanye iplatelet.
- Ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-Erythropoiesis): Iseli ye-HSC ikhula ibe yiseli yokuqala ebizwa ngokuba yi-``erythroblast'', ethi ekugqibeleni ibe yiseli ebomvu yegazi.
- Ukuveliswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iLeukopoiesis): Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuveliswa apha. Ezinye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziveliswa ngendlela ye-``myeloid cell line``, kunye nee-lymphocytes ngendlela ye-``lymphoid cell line```.
- Ukuveliswa kweeplatelet (Thrombopoiesis): Iseli ye-HSC ikhula ibe yiseli enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-``megakaryocyte.'' Emva koko, iiplatelet zenziwa ngokuqhekeka zibe ziingceba ezivela kule seli inkulu.
Kuthekani ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale nkqubo?
Imizimba yethu ikwazi kakuhle ukulawula ukuveliswa kwezi seli zegazi. Oko kuthetha ukuba senza kuphela inani leeseli esizidingayo. Kodwa ezinye izifo zinokuphazamisana nale nkqubo. Emva koko, nokuba zimbalwa kakhulu iiseli zegazi ezinokwenziwa, okanye zininzi kakhulu. Akukho nanye kwezi ilungileyo emzimbeni.
| Uhlobo lweeseli zegazi | Ukuba inani leeseli liyancipha (Limbalwa kakhulu) | Ukuba inani leeseli liyanda (Lininzi kakhulu) |
|---|---|---|
| Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-anemia . Umzimba uziva udiniwe kwaye ubuthathaka kuba iiseli zomzimba azifumani ioksijini eziyidingayo. | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -Erythrocytosis . Inokubangela ukuba igazi lijiye, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wezifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi. |
| Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiLeukopenia . Xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziphantsi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka, kwaye usulelo lunokwenzeka rhoqo. | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiLeukocytosis . Idla ngokuvela xa ulwa nosulelo. Kodwa inokwenzeka nakwezinye izifo zegazi okanye iimeko zomhlaza. |
| Iiplatelets | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiThrombocytopenia . Nokuba yingozi encinci inokubangela ukopha okungapheliyo. Kunokubakho nemivumbo emzimbeni. | Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytosis , kwaye yandisa umngcipheko wokuba kubekho amahlwili egazi ayingozi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. |
Ziziphi iimeko eziphazamisana nenkqubo ye-hematopoiesis?
Le nkqubo yokwakheka kwegazi inokuphazamiseka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukwaluphala: Njengoko sikhula, amafutha agcinwa kumongo wethambo anokwanda, nto leyo enciphisa amandla okwenza iiseli zegazi.
- Izifo zegazi kunye nomhlaza: Umhlaza ofana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-myeloma unokubangela ukuba kubekho inani elikhulu leeseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ezingasebenzi kakuhle.
- Amanye amayeza: Umzekelo, i-chemotherapy yomhlaza ayinakubulala iiseli zomhlaza kuphela kodwa neeseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Oku kubangelwa ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza.
Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokuziva udiniwe rhoqo, ukufumana umkhuhlane rhoqo kunye nosulelo, ukukruquka ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukopha enxebeni okuthatha ixesha elide ukuyeka, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki yegazi.
I-Hematopoiesis yinkqubo eqhubekayo nebalulekileyo ukuze siphile. Le mveliso incinci ngaphakathi komongo wethu yiyo esigcina sisempilweni kwaye somelele. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukunyamekela impilo yegazi lethu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-HematopoiesisIbhekisa kwinkqubo apho imizimba yethu ivelisa khona iiseli zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
- Le nkqubo idla ngokubonakala kakhulu kumongo wethambo ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu.
- Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwala ioksijini, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zisikhusela kwizifo, kwaye iiplatelets ziyayeka ukopha xa senzakele.
- Ukubala iiseli zegazi eziphantsi okanye ezingaphezulu kunesiqhelo kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa kakhulu okungachazekiyo, usulelo oluqhelekileyo, okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike icebiso.
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