Ingaba ukuveliswa kwegazi lakho kuyehla? Masithethe ngale meko iyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Aplastic Anemia!

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukuphefumla nasemva kokwenza into encinci? Okanye ufumana nje imivumbo kwaye wopha yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho? Ngamanye amaxesha sisenokungazinaki kakhulu ezi zinto njengezinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho into enzulu efihliweyo emva kwezi mpawu. I-Aplastic Anemia yenye yezifo ezingaqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, ayibonakali rhoqo, kodwa inokuba sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula, ukuze nawe ukwazi ukuqonda ngcono oku.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-aplastic anemia?

Ngamafutshane, i-aplastic anemia iyenzeka xa umongo wethambo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ungasebenzi kakuhle. Uyazi, inxalenye yamathambo ethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow yiyo eyenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ezifunekayo emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke, i-aplastic anemia yenzeka xa umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukwenza ezi seli ngokufanelekileyo.

Kufana nomzi-mveliso wegazi ovala ngequbuliso. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Umzimba ulahlekelwa ziiseli zegazi ozifunayo. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo olunzima , kwenza kube nzima ukuyeka ukopha, kwaye kunokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki ezifana nesifo sentliziyo. Kukho unyango lokulawula iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo kukufakelwa i-stem cell .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ngaba kufuneka soyike kangaka?

Enyanisweni, esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-Aplastic Anemia sinqabile . Oko kuthetha ukuba asisiso isifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Umzekelo, eMelika, ngabantu abaphakathi kwama-300 nama-900 kuphela abafunyaniswa benesi sifo minyaka le. EYurophu, izifundo zithi esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abamalunga nababini kwisigidi.

Nangona inokuchaphazela nabani na walo naluphi na ubudala, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-25 kunye nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Ngoko ke, ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngokuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye uzibuze ukuba ngaba unaso na esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Aplastic Anemia?

Iimpawu zesi sifo azibonakali zonke ngaxeshanye. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi mpawu zibonakala kancinci kancinci emva kweeveki okanye iinyanga. Ngoko ke usenokungawuboni umahluko ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokubonakala ngequbuliso benazo iimpawu eziqatha. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi mpawu:

• Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane (njengomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane) luvela rhoqo, kwaye luthatha ixesha elide ukuphola kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye udinwe kakhulu.
• Kuvela imivumbo emzimbeni wonke, okanye nenxeba elincinci lithatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha.
• Ukuziva ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla), ingakumbi xa usenza imisebenzi emincinci.
• Umbala wolusu ubonakala umhlophe kunesiqhelo.
• Isiyezi.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ifiva.

Khumbula, ezinye zezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Umzekelo, kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe kwaye unomkhuhlane xa unomkhuhlane. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika ukuba unenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu kwaye ucinga ukuba une-aplastic anemia. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubuziva ungaphilanga kangangeeveki kwaye uhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Kutheni kukho i-aplastic anemia? Zithini izizathu?

Enyanisweni, iingcali azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana i-aplastic anemia. Kodwa kudla ngokuba ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela —inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo—asiqondi kakuhle kwaye ihlasela umongo wethu wethambo, itshabalalisa iiseli ze-stem apho. Ezi seli ze-stem zezona zenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha.

Ngaphandle koko, ezinye izizathu ezininzi zinokuchaphazela oku:

Ezinye iimeko zonyango:

• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo , ezifana ne -lupus, zizifo apho amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela khona imizimba yethu.
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, umzekelo, iintsholongwane ezifana ne -Epstein-Barr virus, i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-parvovirus B19 , kunye ne-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) .
• I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria yimeko efunyenweyo apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukukhulelwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yimbangela yoku, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu.

Iimeko ezivela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana:

Kwabanye abantu, i-aplastic anemia inokunxulunyaniswa ne-inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'inherited bone marrow failure syndromes'. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Dyskeratosis congenita
• Isifo seShwachman-Diamond
• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia
• isifo sePearson

Ezinye iindlela zonyango:

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziyandisa umngcipheko wale meko.

• Ezinye iindlela zonyango zezifo ezihlasela umzimba.
• Unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne -chemotherapy yomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba ezi ziindlela zonyango ezinamandla kakhulu, zingonakalisa umongo wethambo.

Kwakhona, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba zi-carcinogens , ezifana ne -arsenic kunye ne-benzene , kunokunyusa le ngozi.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Umntu one-aplastic anemia unokufumana iingxaki ezifana nezi, ezinye zazo ezinokuba yingozi ebomini:

• I-anemia: Oku kuthetha ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezifana nokudinwa kakhulu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Usulelo oluqatha: Njengoko iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zincipha, amandla okumelana nezifo ayancipha.
• Ukopha kakhulu: Ngenxa yokuncipha kweeplatelets, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba igazi lijiye.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwerhythm yentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome yimeko apho iiseli ezikumongo wethambo zikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Aplastic Anemia?

Oogqirha baxilonga esi sifo ngokukuxilonga, ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwemfuza. Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) olunomahluko: Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu, zonke iintlobo ezintlanu zeeseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho.
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle: Isampuli yegazi ithathwa ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga inkangeleko kunye nemilo yeeseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisandula ukwakheka, ezingavuthwanga (ii-reticulocytes).
• Ukufunxwa komongo wethambo kunye ne-bone marrow biopsy: Kule meko, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwithambo lesinqe, phantsi kwe-anesthesia. Emva koko ihlolwa nge-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba imeko yomongo wethambo injani kanye kanye. Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili lokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Umzekelo, abanye abantu baba ne-aplastic anemia ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza okanye unyango lwezifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha banokuzama ukutshintsha ezo ndlela zonyango.

Ukuba inani leeseli zakho zegazi liphantsi kunesiqhelo kodwa awunazo iimpawu ezinkulu, ugqirha wakho usenokuthi une-anemia engaphantsi kwe-aplastic. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga impilo yakho kunye nenani legazi rhoqo. Ngale ndlela, ungathatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba imeko yakho ibonakala isiba mandundu.

Unyango lweemeko ezinzima ze-aplastic anemia luquka:

• Ii-immunosuppressants: La mayeza asebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba kwaye ayithintele ekuhlaseleni umongo wakho wethambo. Imizekelo yala mayeza ibandakanya i-antithymocyte globulin injection (Atgam®) kunye ne-cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) .
• Utofelo-gazi:Oku kuquka ukutshintsha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets eziphelileyo. Oku akusinyangi esi sifo, kodwa kunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
• Ii-antibiotics: Abantu abane-aplastic anemia basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo lweentsholongwane. Ngoko ke, ii-antibiotics zinikwa ukunyanga usulelo.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem: Olu lolona nyango luphambili lwesi sifo. Kule nkqubo, iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo ezivela kumntu ophilayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ilungu losapho okanye umntu ofana naye) zifakwa kumongo wethambo womguli owonakeleyo. Emva koko, iiseli zegazi ezintsha eziphilileyo ziqala ukwakheka.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunyango:

• Isifo se-graft-versus-host: Le yingxaki enokwenzeka ngexesha lokufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezifakwe kwenye indawo zisebenza ngokuchasene nomzimba wesigulana.
• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba andisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka.
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni ngenxa yokufakwa igazi rhoqo (i-hemochromatosis / i-iron overload).

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela i-aplastic anemia.

Ngaba inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, kwezinye iimeko, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem okuphumelelayo kunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo esi sifo. Ngokubanzi, abantwana kunye nabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 banamathuba amaninzi okuphumelela kolu nyango kunabantu abadala.

Zithini amathuba okusinda?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubudala bakho, unyango olufumanayo, ubukhali besifo sakho, njl. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ngokubanzi, ama-96% abantu basinda emva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Olu phando lukwafumanise ukuba ama-100% abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 babephila kwiminyaka emihlanu emva konyango.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo zisekelwe kumava eqela elikhulu labantu. Zisenokungakuchaphazeli ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Angakunika ulwazi oluhambelana nemeko yakho.

Ukuba ndine-Aplastic Anemia, ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba unale meko, kubalulekile ukuzinyamekela kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokunika ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakho. Ungenza nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukwenzakala okungakumbi. Usengozini enkulu yokopha. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuba ungabandakanyeki kwimidlalo efana neragbi, ihoki, kunye nokulwa.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.Usethubeni lokufumana usulelo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi izitofu ezifanelekileyo kuwe. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo (njengabo banomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye isisu esibuhlungu).
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ekubeni i-anemia iyingxaki yoku, ungaziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo. Kunokuba nzima nokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, phumla kwaye ulale kakuhle xa kuyimfuneko, hayi xa unako.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo. Ukutya okunesondlo okuquka inyama engenamafutha amaninzi, imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo kunokukunceda ukonyusa amanqanaba akho amandla. Ukuba ungafumana iingcebiso kwingcali yesondlo, ungafunda indlela yokufumana okuninzi kukutya okutyayo.
• Yenza umthambo. Umthambo olula unokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo omtsha.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko kule meko:

• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongama-38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu .
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ukuba une-anemia ye-aplastic, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Yintoni enokubangela ukuba ndibe nengxaki?
• Ingaba imeko yam imbi kakhulu?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Andinazo iimpawu. Ngaba ndiza kufuna unyango?
• Ndineempawu. Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo?

Ngaba i-Aplastic Anemia ngumhlaza?

Hayi. I-aplastic anemia ayingomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abane-aplastic anemia basengozini yokuhlaselwa luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-leukemia .

I-Aplastic anemia sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga kodwa esibi kakhulu. Sidla ngokuvela xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela umongo wakho wethambo, iwuthintela ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets ezifunekayo emzimbeni wakho. Zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho, ngoko ke usenokuba nexhala kwaye woyike ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona oogqirha besenokungakwazi ukufumana unobangela othile, le meko inokunyangeka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inyangeke. Ukuba une-aplastic anemia, ugqirha wakho uya kuchaza iindlela zonyango ezifanelekileyo kuwe kunye nemiphumo yazo. Ngoko ke, yiba nesibindi kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Umyalezo Ovela Kuthi Omele Uwuthathe Ekhaya

I-Aplastic Anemia inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo xa usiva igama. Kuba yimeko enzima. Kodwa khumbula, kukho unyango lwayo. Ukuba uzibona iimpawu kwangethuba, funa ingcebiso kagqirha, kwaye uqale unyango, unokuhlala ungayilawula le meko, kwaye uyinyange.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba udinwa ngendlela engachazekiyo, ukugula rhoqo, okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga, musa ukungayinaki nje uze ubone ugqirha ukuze akuhlole. Okukhona uqaphela kwangoko, kokukhona unyango luya kuphumelela. Awuwedwa, kwaye oogqirha, usapho, kunye nabahlobo bakho bonke bakhona ukukunceda kolu hambo.

I- Aplastic Anemia, i-Aplastic Anemia, i-Anemia, i-Bone Marrow, izifo zegazi, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-Stem, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela