Yintoni i-HNPCC (iHeredary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer)? Ngaba kukho imbali yomhlaza kusapho lwakho?

Ngamanye amaxesha sibona amalungu amaninzi osapho efumana uhlobo olufanayo lomhlaza. Okanye kuthiwa amalungu osapho olunye asengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Nangona le yingongoma enzima kancinci, masizame ukuyiqonda ngokulula.

Yintoni i-HNPCC kunye ne-Lynch Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-HNPCC (iHereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) luhlobo lomhlaza we-colorectal obangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye izakhi zofuzo esizizuza njengelifa kubazali bethu zisenza sibe namathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeLynch syndrome, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiLynch syndrome . I-HNPCC kunye neLynch syndrome zihlobene ngokwenene, kodwa azifani ncam. Sibhekisa ngokukodwa kwi-HNPCC njengomhlaza onxulumene neLynch syndrome ofunyaniswa ungekafiki kwiminyaka engama-50. Oku kungabandakanyi umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kuphela, kodwa kunye nomhlaza wolwelo lwesibeleko (i-endometrium), amathumbu amancinci, i-ureter, kunye ne-renal pelvis. Kwi-HNPCC, umhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kwicala lasekunene le-colon.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-HNPCC?

I-HNPCC ibandakanya phakathi kwe -2% kunye ne-4% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-colorectal. Inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kwaye esi sifo sifunyanwa singekafiki kwiminyaka engama-50.

Zithini iimpawu ze-HNPCC?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-HNPCC isenokungabangeli zimpawu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ungakhula emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuba uzive nto. Kodwa njengoko umhlaza ukhula, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukudumba.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Igazi esitulweni. (Olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu, musa ukulutyeshela!)
• Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (Ukudinwa).
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Zithini izizathu ze-HNPCC?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-HNPCC ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe ngabazali bethu. Xa ezi ziphene zezakhi zofuzo zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uyanda kuloo ntsapho. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yi-family cancer syndrome'.

Isifo somhlaza wentsapho esibangela i-HNPCC yiLynch syndrome . Sibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo i- MLH1, i-MSH2, i-MSH6, i-PMS2, kunye ne-EPCAM . Umsebenzi wezi zakhi zofuzo kukulungisa iimpazamo ezenzeka ngexesha lokuphindaphinda kwe-DNA xa iiseli zethu zahlukana. Khawucinge nje, ukuba ezi zakhi zofuzo azisebenzi kakuhle, ezo mpazamo azilungiswa. Emva koko amathuba okuba iiseli eziqhelekileyo zibe ziiseli zomhlaza aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaba i-HNPCC iyasulela?

Hayi, i-HNPCC ayisosifo esosulelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuchukumisa okanye ngokuthimla. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela i-HNPCC ludluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana . Ke ngoko, amalungu aliqela eentsapho ezinezi nguqu zezakhi zofuzo anokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinxulumene ne-Lynch syndrome.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le gene inesiphene kunye nomngcipheko wokufumana i-HNPCC zinokufunyanwa ngabazali ukuya ebantwaneni.

Oogqirha bawuxilonga njani umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu?

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukuze bajonge ukuba abanayo na i-colon cancer. Emva koko bacebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-colonoscopy , equka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo nge-anus yakho ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi le-colon yakho.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-HNPCC, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka umxelele ugqirha wakho . Kubaluleke kakhulu oku.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa i-HNPCC?

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unayo na i-gene mutation enxulumene ne-Lynch syndrome. Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga noku:

• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) owakha waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu? Ingakumbi ukuba wafunyaniswa engekafiki kwiminyaka engama-50.
• Ikwaqinisekisa ukuba awunaso esinye isifo somhlaza wamathumbu esizuzwe njengelifa esibizwa ngokuba yiFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) , esibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okwahlukileyo kune-HNPCC.

Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko kwi-HNPCC?

Ewe, i-HNPCC idla ngokunyangwa ngotyando. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-colectomy . Lubandakanya ukususa inxalenye okanye lonke ithumbu elikhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando:

• Ukususwa kwe-colectomy engaphelelanga okanye ukususwa kwe-colectomy engaphelelanga: Kule meko, kususwa kuphela inxalenye yekholoni enomhlaza.
• I-Proctectomy: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwekholoni kunye ne-rectum.
• I-colectomy iyonke: Kule nto, i-colon yonke iyasuswa.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo ze-HNPCC?

Ukuba umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu usasazeke (usuqhekezwe) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olufana nolu:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba wethu ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.

Oogqirha badla ngokuthanda unyango lwe-immunotherapy kuba luhlala lusebenza ngakumbi kwaye alunazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.

Ngaba i-HNPCC ingathintelwa?

Ezi zifo zomhlaza wosapho zibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengelifa. Ngoko ke, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukuba ezi zifo zofuzo zingenzeki . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-Lynch syndrome okanye i-HNPCC, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka na ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, utyando lokuthintela kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kubantu abane-HNPCC.

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndisemngciphekweni wokuba ne-HNPCC?

Ukuba uvavanyo lwemfuza luqinisekisa ukuba une-gene mutation enxulumene ne-Lynch syndrome, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe umhlaza we-colorectal ukususela kwiminyaka yakho yama-20 . Ukuba umhlaza ufunyanwa kwangethuba, amathuba okufumana unyango oluphumelelayo aphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuba ndine-HNPCC, yintoni enye endingayilindela?

Ukuba une-HNPCC, usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana eminye imingcipheko enxulumene ne-HNPCC. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho unokukuhlola rhoqo ezi ntlobo zomhlaza:

• Umhlaza wobuchopho
• Umhlaza wezintso
• Umhlaza wesibindi
• Umhlaza wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wesibeleko/we-Endometrial

Ngaba i-HNPCC inganyangeka?

I-Lynch syndrome ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo kuba yimeko yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, utyando lokususa ikholoni yonke (i-total colectomy) lunokunyanga i-HNPCC kwaye luthintele uphuhliso lomhlaza wekholoni .

Ithini ingqikelelo yabantu abane-HNPCC?

Malunga nama-60% abantu abafunyaniswe bene-HNPCC basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu . Oko kuthetha ukuba izigulane ezingama-60 kwezili-100 zisaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa kwazo zine-HNPCC. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka eli-10 kubantu abane-Lynch syndrome liphakathi kwama-70% nama-88%. Ezi zibalo zinokubonakala zisoyikisa, kodwa khumbula ukuba ngokufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, le meko inokulawulwa kakhulu .

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-HNPCC?

Ukuba uneempawu ezintsha zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Ukuze uthintele umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, ungenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Fumana zonke iimvavanyo zomhlaza ezicetyiswe ngugqirha wakho.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.

Ngaba umntwana wam usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-HNPCC?

Ukuba une-Lynch syndrome, umntwana wakho unethuba elingama-50% lokufumana i-gene mutation ebangela loo nto. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unabantwana ababini, omnye unokufumana i-gene kwaye omnye angayifumani. Ukuba i-gene mutation enjalo ifunyenwe njengelifa, loo mntwana usengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-HNPCC.

Ngaba umhlaza wamathumbu i-FAP kunye ne-HNPCC ziyafana?

I-HNPCC kunye ne-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) zombini zi-genetic colon cancers, kodwa zibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezahlukeneyo .

Abantu abane-FAP bakhula ii-polyps ezininzi kumathumbu abo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho amawaka ezi zityalo zincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-polyps. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-HNPCC abaphuhli ii-polyps ezininzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza unokukhula ngaphandle kokuba nee-polyps. Ii-polyps ezikhula kwi-HNPCC zihlala zithe tyaba.

Iipolyps ezikhula kuzo zombini ezi meko zithathwa njengezingaphambi komhlaza , oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza kwixesha elifutshane.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali zezi:

I-HNPCC (iHereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) luhlobo lomhlaza we-colorectal obangelwa sisiphene semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ikwanxulunyaniswa neLynch syndrome.

• Ukuba kukho imbali yosapho lwakho yomhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
• Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ukuba usemngciphekweni , fumana uhlolo rhoqo.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokuba nempumelelo.
• I-HNPCC ayisosifo esosulelayo, kodwa sinokufunyanwa njengelifa ngokwemfuza.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Baza kukunceda.

I- HNPCC, i-Lynch syndrome, umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, umhlaza we-rectal, utshintsho lwemfuza, umhlaza ozuzwe njengelifa, uvavanyo lomhlaza, i-colonoscopy, utyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-immunotherapy