Ngaba amalungu omzimba wakho ahlelwe ngokwahlukileyo? Masithethe ngeHeterotaxy Syndrome!

Izitho ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu, njengentliziyo, imiphunga, nesibindi, zibekwe ngokulandelelana okufanayo nakwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kumntu wonke, akunjalo? Yindlela eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa cinga ngayo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zitho azikho apho zifanele ukuba khona, kodwa zinokufumaneka ngokwahlukileyo kancinci, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, imeko engaqhelekanga kodwa ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-heterotaxy syndrome.

Yintoni le heterotaxy syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-heterotaxy syndrome yimeko apho amalungu angaphakathi esifubeni sakho nasesiswini sakho efumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunokuba ebeqhele ukuba njalo. Cinga ngayo, xa wonke umntu ezalwa, amalungu akhe afumaneka kwiindawo ezithile emzimbeni wakhe. Umzekelo, umntu one-heterotaxy unokuba nentliziyo yakhe kunye ne-spleen kwicala lasekunene endaweni yekhohlo. Olu tshintsho ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kwaye lunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Igama elithi "heterotaxy" livela kulwimi lwesiGrike. Igama elithi "heteros" lithetha "ukwahluka" kwaye elithi "teksi" lithetha "ucwangco, ulungiselelo". Oku kuthetha ulungiselelo olwahlukileyo . Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "Heterotaxia" okanye "i-Atrial Isomerism".

Ngawaphi amalungu omzimba anokuchaphazeleka yi-heterotaxy syndrome?

Le meko inokuchaphazela indawo kunye nomsebenzi wezitho zilandelayo emzimbeni wakho:

• Intliziyo
• Imiphunga
• Isibindi
• Ispleen
• Amathumbu

Ingaba oku kwahlukile ku `(Situs Solitus)` kunye `(Situs Inversus)`?

Ewe, ezi ziimeko ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

• (Situs Solitus): Oku kubhekisa kwindawo eqhelekileyo, elindelekileyo yezitho zethu zangaphakathi. Le yindlela uninzi lwethu olunezitho zethu ngayo.
• (Situs Inversus): Oku kuxa amalungu angaphakathi ebekwe kwicala elichaseneyo nendawo yawo eqhelekileyo, ngokungathi ujonge esipilini . Umzekelo, intliziyo ikwicala lasekunene endaweni yelasekhohlo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, `(Situs Inversus)` ayibangeli iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo.
• (Heterotaxy Syndrome): Oku akupheleli nje ekutshintshisweni kwamalungu omzimba. Amanye amalungu asenokungakheki kakuhle, okanye kunokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu ngomsebenzi wawo. Le yimeko enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzima nezinzima kune-`(Situs Solitus)` okanye `(Situs Inversus)`.

Ngubani onokuhlakulela le meko?

I-Heterotaxy syndrome yinguqu yemfuzaNabani na unokuba nesifo sentliziyo esibangelwa sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo senzeka ngamaxesha athile, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho mntu kusapho lwakhe owakha waba naso ngaphambili, kwaye sibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezintsha (`(sporadic okanye de novo mutation)`). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba neengxaki zentliziyo ezizalwa naso , umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomntwana onesi sifo unokwanda kancinci.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwihlabathi liphela, malunga ne -1 kwi-10,000 yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zichaphazeleka yi-heterotaxy syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba le meko isenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuba ngamanye amaxesha ayifumaneki kakuhle.

Malunga ne-3% yeengxaki zentliziyo zokuzalwa zinxulumene nale heterotaxy syndrome.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Uphawu oluphambili kukuba amalungu angaphakathi esifubeni nasesiswini awaphuhli njengoko kulindelekile. Ngamanye amaxesha amanye amalungu asenokungabikho, okanye asenokungakheki kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iimpawu ezibangelwa koku zezi:

• Izitho zangaphakathi (intliziyo, imiphunga, isibindi, ipleyini, amathumbu) azisebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukuba nesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga sentliziyo (imeko yentliziyo yokuzalwa).
• Ukubola kwamathumbu.
• Ukungabikho kwespleen (Asplenia) okanye ukwahlulwa kwespleen ibe ngamacandelo (Polysplenia).

Iimpawu ezinje ngezi zinokubakho kuba amalungu angaphakathi angasebenzi kakuhle:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuncipha kokuxhathisa izifo.
• Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye olumhlophe (iCyanosis).
• Intlungu yesisu okanye yesisu.
• Ubunzima bokutya, ukutyeba, okanye ukugaya ukutya.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Ukuqokelelwa kwe-mucus okanye ulwelo emiphungeni.

Khawucinge nje, kukho umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa, unobunzima bokuphefumla, umzimba wakhe uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Xa oogqirha bemhlola, bafumanisa ukuba kukho umahluko omncinci entliziyweni yomntwana, mhlawumbi i-spleen ikwelinye icala. Ezi zinto zinokuba ziimpawu ze-`(Heterotaxy Syndrome)`.

Yintoni ebangela oku?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela i-heterotaxy syndrome.

Eyona nto ibangela kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Utshintsho kwiizakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kwama-60 lunokuchaphazela oku. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokuyifumana ngazo le meko yezakhi zofuzo:

• Ukuzuza ikopi yejini eguquliweyo kumzali omnye (`(Autosomal Dominant)`).
• Ukuzuza ikopi yejini eguquliweyo evela kubazali bobabini (`(Autosomal Recessive)`).
• Utshintsho olutsha lwemfuza (`(Sporadic okanye De Novo)`) olungenambali yosapho.
• Ukuba notshintsho lwemfuza kwi-chromosome yakho ye-X, enye yee-chromosomes zakho zesini (`(X-linked)`). Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kumadoda, kuba ane-chromosome enye ye-X kuphela.

Ukongeza kwizizathu zemfuza, izinto ezisingqongileyo nazoUmzekelo, ukuvezwa kukamama kwikhemikhali okanye into enobuthi (umz. izibulali-zinambuzane, izinto ezinelothe) ngexesha lokukhulelwa nako kunokubangela le meko kumntwana osakhula.

Kwanangoku, kusenziwa uphando olongezelelekileyo kwiimeko apho le meko yenzeka ngaphandle kwezizathu zemfuza okanye zendalo.

Uyixilonga njani le nto?

I-Heterotaxy syndrome ifunyaniswa ngugqirha emva kokukuxilonga aze emva koko enze uvavanyo olunye okanye ngaphezulu lwemifanekiso, olufana:

• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Iskeni ye-`CT` (i-Computed Tomography scan)`.
• I-echocardiogram (i-ultrasound scan yentliziyo).

Ukuba, emva kwezi mvavanyo zomfanekiso, ugqirha urhanela ukuba une-heterotaxy syndrome, uya kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukujonga ukusebenza kwamalungu akho angaphakathi. Ezi ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga impilo yespleen.
• I-Endoscopy (ukuqaliswa kwetyhubhu enekhamera)
• Uvavanyo olujonga ukusebenza kwezintso.
• I-Ultrasound yezintso.

Ifunyanwa nini i-heterotaxy syndrome?

Le meko ingafunyanwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa nge-ultrasound okanye i-echocardiography (uvavanyo lokujonga intliziyo yomntwana ongekazalwa). Uninzi lwabantu lufunyanwa xa luzalwa. I-Heterotaxy idla ngokufunyaniswa xa kukho iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Abanye abantu abangenazo iimpawu eziqatha banokufunyaniswa kamva ebuntwaneni. Kunqabile kakhulu, le meko ifunyaniswa ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesinye isifo xa umntu emdala.

Zithini iindlela zonyango? `(Unyango)`

Unyango lwe-heterotaxy syndrome alufani kuwo wonke umntu. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngawaphi amalungu omzimba achaphazelekileyo kwaye achaphazeleka kabukhali kangakanani .

Olona nyango luqhelekileyo lutyando . Olu tyando lwenziwa ukulungisa iingxaki ekuphuhlisweni okanye ekusebenzeni kwamalungu esifubeni nasesiswini. Unyango lwale meko lunokufuna utyando oluninzi ebomini bomntu, ngamanye amaxesha luqala ebuntwaneni . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando:

• Utyando lwentliziyo: Utyando lokuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo okanye ukulungisa iingxaki zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo.
• Inkqubo yeFontan : Olu lutyando lwentliziyo. Ludala igumbi elinye (i-ventricle) lokupompa igazi liye emiphungeni nasemzimbeni.
• Inkqubo yeLadd : Utyando lokulungisa ukujija kunye nokuvaleka kwamathumbu.
• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo`(Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo)`: Ukutshintsha intliziyo yakho ngentliziyo yomnikeli. Oku kunokuba yimfuneko kubantu abadala abaye benza utyando lwentliziyo izihlandlo ezininzi ebomini babo.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Ukufakelwa kwesixhobo sokuncedisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ukulawula isigqi sentliziyo.
• Ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (ama-antibiotic okuthintela ukwenzeka kwesifo) ukunceda i-spleen ilwe nosulelo.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphile emva kotyando liyahluka, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando oluye lwenziwa . Emva kotyando, umzimba wakho udinga ukuphumla kakuhle ukuze uphile. Emva kotyando oluninzi lwentliziyo, uya kuba sesibhedlele phantsi kweliso lezonyango iiyure ezingama-24 kangangeentsuku eziliqela ukuya kwiiveki ukuze ubone ukuba utyando luphumelele na kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Emva konyango oluthile, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umzimba wakho uphile ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela indlela yokunyamekela umzimba wakho emva kotyando kunye nento onokuyenza ukunceda uphile.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba ezinye izizathu ze-heterotaxy syndrome zibangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza , le meko ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwemfuza ukuze ufunde ngemingcipheko yakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, ukuphepha ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali okanye iityhefu (umz., izibulali-zinambuzane, iimveliso ezinelothe) ezinokubangela le meko kwimveku ekhulayo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa impilo yemveku.

Lingakanani ixesha lokuphila komntu ophila nale meko?

Ulindelo lobomi bomntu one-heterotaxy syndrome luxhomekeke kubunzima bokuxilongwa. Iintlobo ezinzima zale meko, nokuba zinyangwa, zinokuba yingozi kubomi beentsana nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko ayinzima, ngonyango kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zempilo ezininzi . Ukuba ufumana ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye iintlungu zesifuba okanye zesisu, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Linini ixesha ekufuneka ubone ugqirha ngalo?

Bona ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukuba ulusu lwakho lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye lube ngwevu okhanyayo.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela.
• Ukuba unenxeba elingapholiyo, okanye inxeba elidumbileyo, eliphuma ubomvu obumthubi, okanye elinomqheba.

Kufuneka uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni okanye esiswini.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswa ukuba une-heterotaxy syndrome, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba ndichaphazeleke kangakanani na isifo?
• Ngaba ndifuna utyando okanye utyando oluninzi?
• Ulungiselela njani utyando?
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola emva kotyando?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango olucebisayo?

Yintoni i-'Isomerism'?

Igama elithi `Isomerism` lisetyenziswa kwikhemistri ukuchaza iikhompawundi ezinefomula efanayo yeekhemikhali kodwa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. I-Heterotaxy syndrome ikwabizwa ngokuba yi `(Isomerism)` kuba amalungu akho angaphakathi awekho kwiindawo zawo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha anokwenza imisebenzi yawo esisiseko. Oko kukuthi, ingcamango kukuba nangona imo okanye indawo yahlukile, indalo esisiseko iyafana .

Ithini ikhowudi ethi `ICD` yale meko?

I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD) sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukwahlula iimeko zonyango kwiimeko zonyango. Ikhowudi ye-ICD-10-CM ye-heterotaxy syndrome yi-Q89.3.

Umyalezo obalulekileyo kubazali nakubazali bexesha elizayo

Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa une-heterotaxy syndrome, unokuba neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Kuyaqondakala ukuba kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Oogqirha bakho, kunye neengcali, baya kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukuqinisekisa impilo yomntwana wakho nokulawula iimpawu ukuze zingabi yingozi kubomi. Iingxaki kunye neempawu zale meko zifuna unyango oluqhubekayo kunye nokubekwa esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso lomntwana kunye nobomi bakhe obupheleleyo abuthintelwa.

Ukuba ukhulelwe umntwana kwaye ufuna ukuqonda umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe nesifo semfuza esifana ne-heterotaxy syndrome, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwemfuza okanye ingcebiso ngemfuza . Olu lwazi luya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi. Khumbula, kungcono rhoqo ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango kuyo nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo.

I- Heterotaxy Syndrome, I-Heterotaxy Syndrome, Amalungu Angaphakathi, Isifo Sentliziyo, Iziphene Zokuzalwa, Uguquko Lwemfuza, Impilo Yomntwana