Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi uvuka uzive uphilile kusasa, kodwa njengoko imini iqhubeka, uzive ngathi awunawo amandla? Kufana nokuba izihlunu zakho zibuthathaka kangangokuba awukwazi kwenza nto, ingakumbi amehlo akho anzima, kwaye unobunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuginya ukutya? Ukuba ukhe waba namava anjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele isifo esithetha ngaso namhlanje esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Myasthenia Gravis'. Nangona oku kungaqhelekanga kancinci, wakuba ukuqonde ngokulula, unokufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMyasthenia Gravis?
I-Myasthenia gravis, okanye i-MG ngamafutshane, yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ngamafutshane, kuxa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ihlasela ngempazamo iindawo zomzimba wethu. Kwi-MG, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha yethu.
Oku kubangela ukuba izihlunu ezidibana namathambo ethu zize zisishukumisele ekubeni buthathaka kancinci kancinci. Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu:
- Ngenxa yezihlunu emehlweni akho, ebusweni, entanyeni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
Obu buthathaka bunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukwenza izinto ezinje:
- Shukumisa amehlo akho, uqhwanyaze.
- Hlala uvulekile amehlo akho.
- Veza iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ngobuso bakho.
- Hlafuna ukutya, ginya, uze uthethe.
- Phakamisani izandla zenu, phakamisani izinto zenu.
- Nyuka ngezinyuko, suka esitulweni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo nesibalulekileyo kwesi sifo kukuba obu buthathaka bemisipha buyanda xa usebenza, kodwa bubuyela ebomini emva kwexesha elifutshane lokuphumla.
Le yimeko engapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho nyango lufanelekileyo kuzo zonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngonyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lwanamhlanje, nabani na angakwazi ukulawula iimpawu zakhe aze aphile ubomi obusempilweni.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-myasthenia gravis?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zale meko. Masibone ukuba zithini.
| Uhlobo lwesifo (Uhlobo) | Ingcaciso emfutshane |
|---|---|
| I-Myasthenia ye-Autoimmune | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubangelwa zii-antibodies ezithile eziveliswa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Isizathu esichanekileyo asicaci. |
| I-Myasthenia yosana olusandul' ukuzalwa | Imeko yexeshana ebangelwa kukufumana umntwana ii-antibodies kumama one-MG ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Xa ezalwa, umntwana usenokukhala ebuthathaka aze abe nobunzima bokuncanca. Ezi mpawu ziyanyamalala emva kweenyanga ezintathu. |
| I-Myasthenia yokuzalwa | Le ayisiyongxaki yokuzikhusela komzimba. Yimeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza. |
Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo ye-autoimmune myasthenia gravis yahlulwe ngakumbi kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili.
I-Myasthenia ye-Ocular
Le yimeko apho izihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo kunye neenkophe kuphela ziba buthathaka. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iinkophe zakho zigobe okanye kwenze kube nzima ukugcina amehlo akho evulekile. Abanye abantu banokuba nokubona kabini. Olu buthathaka bamehlo ludla ngokuba luphawu lokuqala lwe-MG. Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanale meko ekugqibeleni baya kuba nokubona ngokubanzi.
I-Myasthenia eqhelekileyo
Kule meko, ukongeza kwimisipha yamehlo, imisipha yobuso, yentamo, yeengalo, yemilenze, neyomqala nayo iyabuthathaka. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuthetha, ukuginya ukutya, ukuphakamisa iingalo zakho ngaphezu kwentloko yakho, ukuphakama kwindawo yokuhlala, ukuhamba imigama emide, nokunyuka izinyuko.
Esi sifo sikhula njani ngokwenene? Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwemithambo-luvo yethu kunye nemisipha bufana nobo buphakathi komdubuli nomcuphi kumdlalo wekhilikithi.
1. Umbhowuli (imithambo-luvo): Imithambo-luvo yiyo ethumela umyalezo kwisihlunu ukuze "sinciphe".
2. Ibhola (i-Acetylcholine): Lo myalezo uthunyelwa ngekhemikhali (i-neurotransmitter) ebizwa ngokuba yi-'acetylcholine'. Le 'yibhola' yethu.
3. Iglavu yomdlali weqela (ii-receptors): Kukho iindawo ezikhethekileyo entendeni yesandla zokubamba le 'bhola'. Sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-receptors'. Oku kufana 'neglavu' yomdlali weqela.
Ngokwesiqhelo, 'ibhola' (i-acetylcholine) ethunyelwa kwi-nerve ihambelana 'neglavu' (i-receptor) kwimisipha. Kulapho ke imisipha ifumana khona isignali yokufinyela. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho into eyahlukileyo eyenzekayo emzimbeni womntu one-myasthenia gravis.
Inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yenza ii-antibodies ezingalunganga kwaye ivale okanye itshabalalise ii-receptors kwimisipha. Emva koko, nangona i-nerve ithumela ibhola, akukho glavu yokuyibamba. Ngoko ke, imisipha ayifumani mqondiso uchanekileyo, ngoko ke iba buthathaka. Xa usebenza nzima, imisipha iba buthathaka ngakumbi kuba ayikwazi ukubamba ibhola. Xa uphumla, ungayisebenzisa kwakhona iglavu kancinci, ukuze ibuyele ebomini. Uyaqonda?
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-myasthenia gravis?
Iimpawu zeMG ziqala ngequbuliso. Zinokwahluka nangobunzima bemihla ngemihla nangamaxesha athile. Abantu abaninzi baziva benamandla ekuqaleni kosuku kwaye babuthathaka ekupheleni kosuku.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Ijwabu eligobileyo (i-Ptosis) | Ukugoba kwamehlo kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo. Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo ekuqaleni. |
| Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ophindwe kabini | Ubuthathaka kwimisipha eshukumisa amehlo bunokubangela ukubona kabini. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuginya, okanye ukuhlafuna | Izinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwelizwi xa uthetha, ubunzima bokuginya, ukubhajwa kokutya, kunye nobunzima bokuhlafuna zinokwenzeka. |
| Ubuthathaka kwiingalo, emilenzeni, nasentanyeni | Izandla ziyadinwa lula xa zisenza izinto ezinje ngokuphakamisa, ukukama iinwele, ukuxukuxa amazinyo. Ubunzima bokuhamba, ubunzima bokuphakamisa intloko ngqo. |
| Utshintsho kwimbonakalo yobuso | Ukungabonakalisi ubuso obufanayo njengesiqhelo xa uncuma, kunokukwenza ubonakale ngathi "uyanyanzela ukuba uncume." |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu nengxamisekileyo. Ukuba ufumana ukuphefumla okufutshane ngenxa yobuthathaka bezihlunu zokuphefumla, kufuneka uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Myasthenic Crisis'. |
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko angayalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Igazi lakho liza kuhlolwa ukuba alinazo na ii-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga esithethe ngazo ngaphambili (`acetylcholine receptor antibodies` okanye `MuSK antibodies`). Malunga nama-85% abantu abane-MG banazo ezi antibodies egazini labo.
- Iiskeni zemifanekiso: Iskeni ye-CT okanye ye-MRI ingenziwa ukujonga ingxaki okanye ithumba (i-thymoma) kwi-thymus gland yakho.
- I-Electromyography (EMG): Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga naziphi na iingxaki kwindlela ezidluliselwa ngayo imiqondiso yombane phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba inqanaba lemeko yakho aze akucebise ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Okokuqala, i-MG yimeko enokunyangwa. Nangona kungekho nyango, kukho unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo olufumanekayo namhlanje olunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:
- Amayeza:
- Amayeza afana ne-'cholinesterase inhibitors' aphucula ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha, okwandisa amandla emisipha.
- Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba, ezifana ne-corticosteroids, zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwezo antibodies zingaqhelekanga.
- Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal:Ezi ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezifakwa ngemithambo yegazi. Zilawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ukutshintshiselana ngePlasma (Plasmapheresis): Oku kuquka ukukudibanisa nomatshini okhethekileyo osusa inxalenye yeplasma yegazi lakho equlethe ii-antibodies eziyingozi kwaye uyithathele indawo ngeplasma ephilileyo okanye isisombululo.
- I-IV immunoglobulin (IVIG): Ukufakwa kwe-antibodies ngemithambo evela kubanikeli abaphilileyo. Oku kunceda ekucinezeleni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Utyando: Kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bane-thymus tumor, i-gland isuswa ngotyando (i-'thymectomy'). Oku kunokulawula kakhulu iimpawu.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo kakhulu kwimeko yakho.
Yintoni esinokuyenza thina xa siphila neempawu?
Ngelixa ufumana unyango, ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokwenza ukuphila nale meko kube lula kakhulu.
- Ukuzilolonga: Buza ugqirha wakho kwaye wenze umthambo olula ofanelekileyo kuwe . Oku kuya kuqinisa izihlunu zakho, kuphumze ingqondo yakho, kwaye kukunike amandla.
- Kuphephe ubushushu: Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Ngoko ke kuphephe ukuphuma elangeni elishushu emini. Xa uziva ushushu, beka ilaphu elifakwe emanzini abandayo entanyeni nasebunzini.
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwiproteni kunye neecarbohydrate ukuze uhlale unamandla.
- Cwangcisa umsebenzi wakho: Yenza imisebenzi efuna umgudu omkhulu xa unamandla amaninzi, oko kukuthi kusasa.
- Ukuphumla kubalulekile: Thatha ikhefu elifutshane imini yonke. Lala kancinci. Mamela umzimba wakho. Musa ukuzinyanzela ukuba usebenze xa uziva udiniwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Myasthenia gravis (MG) yimeko ebangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, kodwa inokunyangeka ngempumelelo .
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokugoba kwamehlo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuginya, okanye ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga okwandayo imini yonke, bona ugqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingxaki yezonyango (ingxaki ye-myasthenic) .
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho, nokwenza utshintsho olulula kwindlela ophila ngayo, uninzi lwabantu abane-MG banokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobukhutheleyo . Akukho mfuneko yokoyika.
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