Umele ukuba uvile ukuba kufuneka unyamekele i-cholesterol yakho ukuze uzikhusele kwisifo sentliziyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ulawula kangakanani ukutya kwakho kunye nokuzilolonga, amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ayehli. Mhlawumbi umntu kusapho lwakho uye waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yemeko yemfuza eyenzeka kwiintsapho. Leyo yimeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje, i-Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia, okanye i-HeFH ngamafutshane. Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba unayo le nto, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni kanye kanye iHeFH?
I-HeFH ayisosifo esisifumana ngaphandle , njengomkhuhlane. Yimeko ebangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo esikufumana kumama okanye kutata wethu. Ngamafutshane, olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lunciphisa amandla omzimba okususa i-cholesterol eyingozi egazini.
Cinga ngayo, i-cholesterol ihamba ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi.
| Uhlobo lwekholesteroli | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-cholesterol elungileyo (i-HDL) | Ezi zinceda ekuthwaleni i-cholesterol egqithisileyo iye esibindini kwaye ziyisuse emzimbeni, njengesixhobo sokuqokelela inkunkuma. |
| I-cholesterol embi (LDL) | Ezi zezona ntlobo ziyingozi kakhulu. Zinokuqokelelwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ziyinciphe zize zibangele isifo sentliziyo. |
Kwimeko yeHeFH, ufumana ijini evela komnye wabazali bakho eyonakalisa inkqubo yokususa i-cholesterol embi (LDL) . Ukuba unale jini, umntwana wakho unethuba elingama-50% lokuyifumana.
Usenokuba ukhe weva ngesinye isifo esinegama elifanayo, iHomozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Oku kubangelwa yi-gene enesiphene efunyenwe ngabazali bobabini. I-HoFH yimeko enzima kakhulu kune-HeFH, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kangako.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Ukuba ayinyangwa, iHeFH inokubangela ukuba i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol iyonke abe phezulu kakhulu. Le cholesterol ye-LDL eyongezelelweyo inokwakhelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yethu, njengothuli oluvala umbhobho, lunciphise indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- "atherosclerosis" okanye "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."
Xa oku kusenzeka, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kunesiqhelo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intliziyo inokonakala kwaye ibe nesifo sentliziyo. Enye yeempawu eziphambili zale meko yintlungu yesifuba, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-angina. Ukuba ayinyangwa, oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo okanye kwi-stroke.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba indoda eneHeFH ayifumani unyango, umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo uphezulu kakhulu xa ineminyaka engama-40 nengama-50, nakubafazi abaneminyaka engama-60.
Iimpawu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo
Ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo:
- Ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuqina, okanye intlungu
- Intlungu engasentla yomqolo okanye entanyeni
- Intlungu isasazeka engalweni
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Iimpawu zestroke:
- Ubunzima bokuthetha
- Ukungabi nangqondo engalweni okanye emlenzeni
- Ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi yomzimba
Iimpawu zomzimba ezingaphandle
I-cholesterol ephezulu ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iimpawu emzimbeni.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Xanthomas | La ngamaqhuma atyheli okanye aorenji aphuma phantsi kolusu. Abangelwa yi-cholesterol eninzi. Abonakala kakhulu kumalungu ezandla, ngasemva kwesithende (i-Achilles tendon), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwiindawo ezifana neengqiniba namadolo. |
| I-Xanthelasma | La ngamaqhuqhuva atyheli, anamaqhuqhuva abonakala kwiinkophe. Abonakala kakhulu ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| I-Corneal Arcus | Isangqa esimhlophe okanye esingwevu esijikeleze iliso elimnyama. Oku kubangelwa kukugcinwa kwe-cholesterol. Akuphazamisi ukubona. |
Uyazi njani ukuba unesi sifo?
Kukho iimvavanyo ezimbalwa ezilula ezinokukunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho nazi ukuba unayo iHeFH. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa ukuba inesifo kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Nangona abantwana abancinci bengengomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, la manqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol ababeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unenye yezi zinto zilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha uze uthethe ngayo.
- Inqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol ye-LDL elinganciphiyo nangona kujongwa ukutya okutyiwayo (ngaphezulu kwe-190 mg/dL kumntu omdala, ngaphezu kwe-160 mg/dL kumntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala).
- Ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu kusapho.
- Ukuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60 kwizalamane ezingamadoda okanye ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-70 kwizalamane ezingabasetyhini.
- Ubukho bamaqhuqhuva eluswini afana nama-xanthomas akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
- Iintlungu zesifuba.
Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga ezi mpawu. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi luya kulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol. Kwi-HeFH, amanqanaba e-cholesterol e-LDL adla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-200 mg/dL kwaye amanqanaba e-cholesterol iyonke aphezulu kune-300 mg/dL.
Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo okanye uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwemfuza lokujonga utshintsho lwemfuza nalo lunokucetyiswa.
Iphathwa njani?
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-HeFH kukunciphisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL kunye nokukukhusela kwisifo sentliziyo. Oku kufuna indibaniselwano yotshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye namayeza.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
- Ukutya okunempilo: Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha agcweleyo kunye ne-trans (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu, ioyile yekhokhonathi, amaqanda, ubisi olungenamafutha). Endaweni yoko, faka imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, amantongomane, intlanzi kunye nenkukhu engenamafutha amaninzi ekutyeni kwakho.
- Ukuzilolonga: Yenza into ekwenza intliziyo yakho ishaye ngamandla, njengokuhamba, ukudada, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-4 ngeveki ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30.
- Ukulawula ubunzima: Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, yehlisa ubunzima ngokutya okunempilo nangokuzilolonga.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyingozi enkulu kwisifo sentliziyo, ngoko ke ukuba unalo mkhwa, yeka ngoko nangoko.
Kodwa khumbula, kwi-HeFH, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lodwa alwanelanga ukulawula i-cholesterol. Unyango ngamayeza lubalulekile.
Unyango ngamayeza
Ugqirha wakho uhlala ekunika udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-statins . La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela umzimba ekwenzeni i-cholesterol. Ngenxa yokuba amanqanaba e-cholesterol aphezulu kakhulu kwi-HeFH, unokufuna ukuwasela la mayeza ngeedosi eziphezulu.
Ukuba ii-statins zodwa azanele ukulawula amanqanaba, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amanye amayeza.
- Izithinteli ze-PCSK9: Ezi ziziyobisi ezinikwa njengeenaliti. Zinceda isibindi ukususa i-LDL cholesterol.
- I-Ezetimibe: Eli yeza lisebenza ngokunciphisa ukufunxwa kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka ukusebenzisa amayeza amabini okanye amathathu kunye.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Xa amanqanaba e-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu ukuba angalawulwa ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, unokunikwa unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -LDL apheresis . Oku kufana ne-dialysis, apho igazi lakho lidluliselwa ngomatshini ohluza i-LDL cholesterol embi uze uyibuyisele emzimbeni wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-HeFH ayisosifo esosulelayo, kodwa yimeko yemfuza edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umngcipheko wokufumana isifo sentliziyo usemncinci uphezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuba i-cholesterol yakho ayinciphi nangona utya ukutya okufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba unembali yesifo sentliziyo kusapho lwakho, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Nangona utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo lubalulekile, amayeza abalulekile. Sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho njengoko eyalelwe.
- Ukuba uneHeFH, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amalungu osapho lwakho asondeleyo (abantakwenu, abantwana) ahlolwe nayo.
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