Ukuba umama okanye utata osele ekhulile endlwini yethu uyatyibilika aze awe kwigumbi lokuhlambela, uloyiko olufika engqondweni yethu ngoko nangoko kukuba, ‘Owu, andazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwithambo lesinqe.’ Nangona sihlekisana ngokuthi “xa sikhula, siza kwaphuka isinqe,” le yimeko enzima kakhulu enokuchaphazela ubomi bethu. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokoyika. Ukuba siyazi kakuhle le ngxaki yokuphuka kwesinqe, sinokujongana nayo nayiphi na imeko ngobulumko.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukuphuka kwesinqe?
Ukuphuka kwesinqe kukuphuka kwenxalenye ephezulu yethambo lethu lethanga, kufutshane nelungu lesinqe. Eli thambo lethanga ngokwezonyango libizwa ngokuba yi-'femur'. Eli lelona thambo lide nelinamandla emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke ukuze oku kuphuke, kudla ngokufuna ukwenzakala okukhulu, njengokuwa okukhulu okanye ingozi yemoto.
Kodwa kukho into ekhethekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde apha. Nangona kufuneka amandla amaninzi ukuphula eli thambo kumntu oselula, kumntu omdala, ingakumbi umntu onesifo esifana ne -osteoporosis , eli thambo linokwaphuka nokuba lityibilika kancinci lize liwe ekhaya.
Utyando ludla ngokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe isinqe esaphukileyo, ngoko ke le ayiyomeko yokuthatha lula.
Ngaba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphula isinqe?
Ewe, oogqirha bahlulahlula ukwaphuka kwesinqe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke apho ukwaphuka kwenzeka khona. Ilungu lethu lesinqe lifana nelungu elinomgca webhola kunye nesokhethi. Inxalenye efana nebhola ephezu kwethambo lesinqe (intloko ye-femoral) ingena kwisokhethi ekwisinqe sethu ukuze yenze ilungu lesinqe. Ngoko ke olu hlu lusekelwe apho ukwaphuka kwenzeka khona phezulu kwethambo lesinqe.
Ungakuqonda ngokulula oku kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo lokuqhekeka | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuqhekeka kwentloko ye-Femoral | Oku kukwaphuka kwenxalenye efana nebhola phezulu kwethambo lethanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwentamo ye-Femoral | Ukuphuka 'kwentamo' ye-femur, ibhulorho edibanisa intloko ye-femur efana nebhola nethambo elide. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuphuka kwe-hip. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwe-Intertrochanteric | Ukuqhekeka kwendawo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezibonakala ngamathambo apho izihlunu zidibana khona, ngaphantsi nje kwenxalenye 'yentamo'. |
Zithini iimpawu zesinqe esaphukileyo?
Khangela ezi mpawu emva kokuwa okanye ingozi. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili neziqhelekileyo:
- Intlungu enzima, enganyamezelekiyo kwindawo yesinqe.
- Ukungakwazi ukuhambisa isinqe okanye umlenze.
- Iqhuma elinokuvakala esandleni okanye utshintsho kwinkangeleko.
- Idumbile kakhulu.
- Ukugruzuka kunye nobuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Izinqe okanye imilenze zibonakala zoluliwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Zithini izizathu zokuqhekeka kwesinqe kwaye ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nabani na angaphuka isinqe xa kwenzeka ingozi, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kunabanye.
Izizathu eziphambili zezi:
- Ukuwa (ingakumbi ukuwa ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo okanye ukutyibilika kubantu abadala)
- Iingozi zeemoto
- Iingozi zemidlalo
Makhe sibone ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu.
| Udidi lomngcipheko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala | Njengoko sikhula, amathambo aba buthathaka kwaye ulungelelwano luyancipha, nto leyo enokubangela ukwaphuka kwamathambo nokuba siwile kancinci. |
| Abantu abanezifo ezenza amathambo abe buthathaka | Iimeko ezifana ne-osteoporosis okanye i-osteopenia zibangela ukuba amathambo angaqini kakhulu kwaye aphuke lula. |
| Abafazi | Abafazi basengozini enkulu, ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni, ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni oluchaphazela amandla amathambo. |
| Abantu abanezifo ezichaphazela ibhalansi | Iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, i-vertigo, okanye i-epilepsy zandisa umngcipheko wokuwa. |
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto kanye kanye?
Xa uziswa esibhedlele emva kwengozi, ugqirha okwiCandelo loNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) uza kuqala akuhlole. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze babone ukuba ithambo laphukile na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, laphukile phi kwaye njani.
- I-X-ray yesinqe: Oku kunokubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ithambo laphukile.
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokubona kwanokuqhekeka okuncinci kakhulu okungabonakaliyo kwi-X-ray.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kunceda ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela ithambo elaphuka ngayo.
Inyangwa njani? Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko?
Phantse wonke umntu ophuke isinqe uya kufuna utyando. Uhlobo lotyando olufunayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokwaphuka, ubunzima balo, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Wenza ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Ukutshintshwa Kwesinqe/I-Hip Arthroplasty | Olu tyando ludla ngokwenziwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. Kolu tyando, ithambo eliphukileyo liyasuswa lize litshintshwe ngelungu elenziwe ngesinyithi, iplastiki, okanye iseramikhi. Lisenokubandakanya ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukutshintshwa okuncinci. |
| Ukunciphisa okuVulekileyo kunye nokuLungiswa kwangaphakathi (i-ORIF) | Apha, ugqirha ubuyisela iziqwenga zamathambo aphukileyo endaweni yazo aze afake izikrufu, iiphini, iipleyiti, okanye iintonga ukuze zibambene zide ziphole. Kwabanye abantu, ezi zishiywa emzimbeni ubomi bonke. Kwabanye, zisuswa kolunye utyando emva kokuba ithambo lipholile. |
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezincinci ezinxulumene nolu tyando. Ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho zezi:
- I-Avascular Necrosis: Ukuhamba kwegazi emathanjeni kuyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zamathambo zife.
- Ukungadibani: Ukungaphumeleli kwamathambo aphukileyo ukuhlangana kakuhle kwakhona.
- I-Malunion: Ukungalingani kakuhle kwamathambo aphukileyo.
- Usulelo Lwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis): Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba ithambo livezwa ngesikhumba (ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo), usulelo lweebhaktheriya lunokubakho.
- Amahlwili Egazi: Kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi emilenzeni ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba ixesha elide emva kotyando.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi, okanye unyaka , ukuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuphuka kwesinqe. Le yinkqubo ethatha kancinci kancinci. Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphiliswe lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Uhlobo lotyando olwenzileyo
- Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke
- Ingaba bekukho abanye abantu abenzakeleyo kule ngozi?
Kuya kufuneka uqalise unyango lomzimba (PT) emva nje kotyando. Olu nyango luza kuhlala iinyanga ezininzi. Ingcali yonyango lomzimba iza kukufundisa imithambo yokuqinisa izihlunu ezijikeleze isinqe sakho kwaye ikuncede ukuba ubuyele ekuhambeni.
Kuya kufuneka usebenzise isixhobo sokuhamba, iintonga, okanye intonga yokuhamba ekuqaleni. Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezonyango iya kukuxelela ukuba uza kuzisebenzisa ixesha elingakanani ezi zinto.
Kutheni ukwaphuka kwesinqe kuyingozi? Ingakumbi kubantu abadala...
Ukuphuka kwesinqe yingxaki yezonyango kuba, ukongeza ekuphukeni kwethambo, kunokonakalisa izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ezingqongileyo.
Khawuthelekelele, kwingozi enkulu eyaphula ithambo lethanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba umthambo we-femoral ohamba kufutshane unokonakala. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu kwaye kube yingozi ebomini.
Le meko iyingozi ngakumbi kumntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. Njengoko sikhula, amandla omzimba okuphiliswa ayancipha. Ngenxa yoko, inxeba elikhulu elinje lithatha ixesha elide ukuphola. Ukujamelana notyando kunye nenkqubo yokuchacha elandelayo kunokuba nzima nakubantu abadala.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nasemva kokuba umntu omdala ephilile emva kokuphuka kwesinqe, usenokoyika ukuhamba kwakhona, ukuphuma aye esidlangalaleni, okanye ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuba wedwa kunye nokuncipha komsebenzi kunokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimpilo yakhe iyonke.
Singenza ntoni ukuthintela ingozi enjalo?
Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula iingozi, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Yenza indawo yakho yasekhaya ikhuseleke: Coca izinto ezingafunekiyo endlwini yakho nakwindawo yokusebenza kwaye unciphise iingozi ezinokukukhubekisa. Beka imathi engatyibilikiyo kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okufanelekileyo.
- Fumana uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo: Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo se-osteoporosis, thetha nogqirha malunga nokufumana uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo.
- Ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D. Ukuzilolonga okunciphisa ubunzima, njengokuhamba, kunceda ukuqinisa amathambo.
- Landela amanyathelo okhuseleko: Musa ukukhwela ezitulweni okanye etafileni ukuze ufikelele kuyo nayiphi na into engentla. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo rhoqo. Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo rhoqo xa ukhwela imoto.
Ufanele uye nini kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ithanga lakho liphukile, yingxaki yezonyango. Yiya esibhedlele okanye ubize i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulibazisa, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu emva kokuwa okanye ingozi:
- Ukuba awukwazi ukushukumisa isinqe okanye umlenze wakho.
- Ukuba intlungu ayinyamezeleki.
- Ukuba isinqe okanye umlenze utsaliwe kwaye ubonakala ungaqhelekanga.
- Ukuba ulusu luhlatyiwe kwaye ithambo liyabonakala.
- Ukuba isinqe sidumbile kakhulu.
- Ukuba ubona inxeba elinzima kunye nezi mpawu.
Ngaba ungahamba unesinqe esaphukileyo?
Akunjalo konke konke. Musa ukuzama ukuma okanye ukuhamba unesinqe esiphukileyo. Ukwenza njalo kunokwenza ukuba ukwaphuka kube mandundu kwaye kubangele nezinye iingxaki.
Ngaba kufuneka simshukumise umntu onesinqe esaphukileyo?
Hayi. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu uphuke isinqe, fowunela i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza. Nceda umntu agcine isinqe sakhe sizinzile kwaye singashukumi de kufike oogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo uze umthuthe uye esibhedlele. Musa ukubeka uxinzelelo emlenzeni, zama ukuwumela, okanye uzame ukuwuhamba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuphuka kwesinqe yimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi, ingakumbi kubantu abadala.
- Ukuba unentlungu eqatha esinqeni, ukudumba, kunye nokungakwazi ukuhambisa umlenze wakho emva kokuwa okanye ingozi, kusenokuba kukuqhekeka kwesinqe. Yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko.
- Utyando ludla ngokuba yimfuneko, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ixesha lokuchacha linokuba lide. Unyango lwe-physiotherapy lubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuphiliswa ngeli xesha.
- Lo mngcipheko ungancitshiswa ngokwenza indawo yakho yasekhaya ikhuseleke ukuthintela ukuwa nokutya ukutya okune-calcium eninzi kunye nokuzilolonga ukuze amathambo akho aqine.
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