Ingaba i-calcium egazini lakho iphezulu? Masithethe nge-Hypercalcemia ngokulula!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe, uneentlungu zomzimba, okanye uhlala unxaniwe? Usenokucinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zamanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini lakho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia kumayeza. Ungakhathazeki, oku akusoloko kuyingxaki enkulu. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula necacileyo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iHypercalcemia?

I-Hypercalcemia kuxa une-calcium eninzi egazini lakho kunesiqhelo. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba phezulu kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba phezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, kwabanye abantu iba yeyokwexeshana kwaye iyaphela, ngelixa kwabanye inokuba yeyobomi bonke.

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga ukuba, ikhalsiyam ilungile emathanjeni, ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni xa ikhalsiyam egazini isanda? Yinyani, uninzi lwekhalsiyam emizimbeni yethu lusemathanjeni ethu. Kodwa, kufuneka kubekho ikhalsiyam egazini. Uyazi ukuba kutheni?

• Ukuze inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo isebenze kakuhle: I-calcium ibalulekile ekudluliseni imiyalezo ngemithambo-luvo.
• Ukusebenza kwemisipha: I-calcium inceda izihlunu zethu ziqine kwaye ziphumle, oko kuthetha ukuba siyashukuma.
• Ukujiya kwegazi: Xa kukho ukwenzakala kwenye indawo kwaye igazi lihamba, i-calcium iyadingeka kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
• Umsebenzi wentliziyo: I-calcium idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni intliziyo yethu ibetha kakuhle.

Ngenxa yokuba yenza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, umzimba wethu ulawula ngononophelo inqanaba le-calcium egazini lethu. Iihomoni ezimbini ziyanceda koku. Ziyi -hormone ye-parathyroid kunye ne -calcitonin . Ukongeza, i-vitamin D ikwabalulekile emzimbeni ukuze ufumane i-calcium ekutyeni esikutyayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweHypercalcemia kunye neHypocalcemia?

La magama mabini avakala efana kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwizonyango, igama elithi "Hyper" lithetha "okugqithisileyo." Igama elithi "Hypo" lithetha "okuncinci kakhulu." Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kwala magama mabini ulula kakhulu.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nale meko?

I-Hypercalcemia inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala , ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni. Idla ngokubangelwa yi-parathyroid gland esebenza kakhulu, esixoxe ngayo ngaphambili.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yoluntu ngokubanzi lunesi sifo. Kwezi, ama-90% axelwa njenge-hypercalcemia ebangelwa yingxaki yamadlala e-parathyroid (i-primary hyperparathyroidism) okanye imeko yomhlaza.

Ngaba i-hypercalcemia iyingozi ebomini?

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba e-calcium aphakama kakhulu (i-hypercalcemia enzima), inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko enjalo enzima, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
• Ukudideka
• I-Coma

Ngoko ke, nangona oku kudla ngokuba yinto engathandekiyo, asikokuthabatha lula.

Zithini iimpawu zeHypercalcemia?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, abantu abaninzi basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu, ingakumbi xa amanqanaba e-calcium enyuke kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba e-calcium anyuke kakhulu okanye ukuba imeko iqhubeka ixesha elide, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka.

Kutheni i-calcium egazini inyuka ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?

Zininzi izizathu ze-hypercalcemia. Ezinye izifo, amayeza, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni konke oku kunokubangela oku. Kodwa izizathu ezibini eziphambili zi-parathyroid glands ezisebenza kakhulu kunye nomhlaza.

1. Ingxaki ye-Parathyroid gland (i-Primary Hyperparathyroidism)

Khawucinge ukuba kukho abaphathi abancinci abane emzimbeni wethu abalawula inqanaba le-calcium. La ma-gland amane e-parathyroid akwintamo yethu, ngasemva kwe-thyroid gland. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukuvelisa i-parathyroid hormone (PTH), elawula inqanaba le-calcium egazini. Xa elinye okanye ngaphezulu la ma-gland eqala ukusebenza kakhulu ngesizathu esithile, i-calcium eninzi iqokelelana egazini. Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-hypercalcemia.

2. Umhlaza

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia ye-malignancy. I-Hypercalcemia ebangelwa ngumhlaza idla ngokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubangela oku zezi:

• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza webele
• I-Multiple myeloma, umhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• Umhlaza weseli yezintso
• I-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma

3. Amanye amayeza

Le meko inokubangelwa nangamanye amayeza kunye neevithamini esizisebenzisayo.

• I-Thiazide diuretics: Ii-diuretics ezithile (umz., i-Hydrochlorothiazide) ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kolwelo emzimbeni.
• I-Lithium: Iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezithile zengqondo.
• Iivithamini kunye ne-calcium: Ukuthatha i-vitamin D eninzi, i-vitamin A, okanye izongezo ze-calcium.
• Ii-antacids: Ukusela kakhulu iipilisi ze-calcium carbonate (ezifana neTums® okanye iRolaids®) esizisebenzisa rhoqo xa sitshisa isitshiso kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-calcium okwethutyana.

4. Ezinye izizathu

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga.

• Izifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-sarcoidosis kunye nesifo sephepha.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• I-Hyperthyroidism (i-Thyrotoxicosis).
• Ukuvalelwa ebhedini ixesha elide.
• Izifo ezinxulumene namathambo ezifana nesifo sikaPaget sethambo.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

Idla ngokufunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo olwenzayo ngesinye isizathu. Uvavanyo olufana neComprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) okanye iBasic Metabolic Panel (BMP) nalo lulinganisa amanqanaba e-calcium egazini. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba imeko imbi kangakanani na ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba le-calcium egazini lakho.

Ukuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini lakho liphezulu, ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola, akubuze ngamayeza akho kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. Ukuba akukho sizathu sicacileyo sifumanekayo, ungathunyelwa kwi-endocrinologist.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi olujonga amanqanaba e-parathyroid hormone (PTH).
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba evithamini D.
• Uvavanyo olujonga inqanaba le-calcium kumchamo.
• I-ultrasound okanye i-CT scan ukujonga ukuba kukho ithumba okanye ukudumba kwi-parathyroid glands.

Iphathwa njani?

Unyango lwe-hypercalcemia luxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobunzima bemeko.

Kwiimeko ezithambileyo

Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-calcium aphakanyisiwe kancinci, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba:

• Sela amanzi amaninzi: Oku kunciphisa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye kunceda ekususeni i-calcium engaphezulu ngomchamo.
• Ukutshintsha amayeza: Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza ohlobo lwe-thiazide oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, unokucelwa ukuba utshintshele kwelinye iyeza endaweni yoko.
• Ukuyeka izongezo: Yeka ukuthatha izongezo ze-calcium okanye i-vitamin D, iipilisi ze-antacid ezine-calcium, okanye unciphise umthamo.

Unyango ngokwesizathu

• Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngee-parathyroid glands: Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango olungcono kukwenza utyando lokususa i-gland okanye ii-glands ezisebenza kakhulu.
• Ukuba imeko ibangelwa ngumhlaza: Amayeza anjenge-bisphosphonates okanye i-denosumab anganikwa.

Kwiimeko ezinzima

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba akho e-calcium aphezulu kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zakho zinzima, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni akungenise esibhedlele aze akunike ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (ii-IV fluids) kunye nolunye unyango. Oku kunokunciphisa amanqanaba akho e-calcium ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuthintele iingxaki.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yale meko?

Iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide azixhaphakanga kuba le meko idla ngokufunyaniswa kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwanga ixesha elide, ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukugcinwa kwecalcium kwizintso (Nephrocalcinosis) kunye nokusebenza kwezintso okungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Amatye ezintso.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Uxinzelelo.
• I-Osteoporosis kunye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo okulula.

Ngaba ingathintelwa? Ndingambona nini ugqirha?

Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-hypercalcemia ezinokuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho,Kububulumko ukuphepha ukuthatha iipilisi zekhalsiyam, iivithamini, kunye ne-antacids ezinekhalsiyam ngokungeyomfuneko.

Xa ufanele ubone ugqirha:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali yamanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium, isifo se-parathyroid, okanye amatye ezintso, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
• Ukuba uneempawu esizixubushileyo kweli nqaku (ezifana nokunxanwa kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, iintlungu zomzimba, isicaphucaphu), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usandula ukuxilongwa ukuba unemeko ethile. Kodwa khumbula, i-hypercalcemia yimeko enokunyangeka. Xa amanqanaba akho e-calcium ebuyela esiqhelweni, iimpawu zakho ziya kuphela. Ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga noku.