Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya, isifuba sakho sivakala siqinile, okanye uziva unesizungu emva kokuhamba umgama omfutshane? Okanye uhlala uphathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu? Esinye sezizathu zoku kusenokuba kukwehla kwenqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-hypoxemia . Ekubeni esi sisifo esinzulu, masingene kwisiseko saso ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Kulungile, yintoni le Hypoxemia?
Ngamafutshane, iHypoxemia yimeko apho igazi lakho linomlinganiselo ongaphantsi koqhelekileyo weoksijini. Ioksijini ibalulekile kwiseli nganye kunye namalungu omzimba wethu ukuze isebenze kakuhle, njengokuba imoto ifuna ipetroli ukuze isebenze.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Xa siphefumla, ioksijini esemoyeni ingena emiphungeni yethu. Ngaphakathi emiphungeni kukho uthungelwano lweengxowa ezincinci zomoya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Ezi ngxowa zomoya zijikelezwe yimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu (ii-capillaries). Xa siphefumla, ioksijini engena emiphungeni ifunxwa ngezi ngxowa zomoya iye kwimithambo yegazi. Emva koko igazi lithatha le oksijini lize liyisasaze kwizicubu zomzimba wonke.
I-Hypoxemia yenzeka xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule nkqubo. Nokuba awukwazi ukuphefumla ioksijini eyaneleyo , okanye ioksijini oyiphefumlayo ayinakungenelwa egazini lakho ngokufanelekileyo . Yiyo loo nto abantu abanesifo semiphunga nesifo sentliziyo besengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko.
Ngaba i-Hypoxemia kunye ne-Hypoxia zizinto ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe, nangona abantu abaninzi bebhidanisa la magama mabini, kukho umahluko omncinci. Kubalulekile ukwazi loo nto.
- I-Hypoxemia kukuncipha kwamanqanaba eoksijini egazini .
- I-Hypoxia kukuncipha komthamo weoksijini ofikelela kwizicwili zomzimba .
Cinga ngegazi 'njengelori yokuhambisa' ethwele ioksijini. Izicubu 'ngabathengi' abalinde ioksijini. I-Hypoxemia kuxa umthwalo welori (ioksijini) uphantsi. Ke ngoko, i-Hypoxia kuxa umthengi engafumani umthwalo. Rhoqo, xa ioksijini egazini iphantsi (i-Hypoxemia), izicubu nazo azinayo ioksijini (i-Hypoxia). Kodwa oko akusoloko kusenzeka.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu ze-hypoxemia zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bayo kunye nesizathu sayo. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zidweliswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuziva ufuthanisekile, ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla). |
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Intloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi kusasa. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo (i-tachycardia). |
| Ingxolo yokukhwehlela nesifuba | Ukukhohlela nokuphefumla rhoqo xa uphefumla. |
| Ukudideka | Ukudideka nokushukuma kwenzeka xa ingqondo ingenayo ioksijini. |
| Ubuluhlaza (iCyanosis) | Le yingxamiseko! Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wolusu, imilebe, kunye neenzipho. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu zokungabikho koxinzelelo lwegazi emzimbeni?
Zininzi izizathu zoku. Isizathu esiphambili yimeko yezonyango echaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla okanye ukujikeleza kwegazi. Umzekelo, xa usiya kwindawo ephakamileyo, njengendawo enentaba, le meko inokwenzeka okwethutyana ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini kwindawo esingqongileyo.
Nazi ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili zempilo ezinokubangela i-hypoxemia.
- Isifuba
- Ukukrala kwemiphunga
- I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga)
- Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo edibeneyo
- Ukubethelwa kweMiphunga
- Ukudumba kweMiphunga
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kokulala
- I-anemia
- Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo
- Izifo ezinzulu zokuphefumla ezifana ne-COVID-19
Iindlela ezi-5 eziphambili ezinegalelo ekunciphiseni ioksijini
Ngokwembono yezonyango, kukho iindlela ezi-5 eziphambili ezibangela ukunqongophala kweoksijini egazini. Ezi ziyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa masizigcine zilula.
1.Ukungalingani komoya-Ukuvuza (V/Q): Cinga ngamaphaphu njengesitendi sebhasi. Umoya (ioksijini) ngabakhweli. Igazi yibhasi. Ngamanye amaxesha isitendi sigcwele abakhweli, kodwa akukho bhasi (ukuhamba kwegazi okuphantsi). Okanye kukho iibhasi ezininzi, kodwa akukho bakhweli (ukungena komoya okuphantsi). Oku kungafani phakathi kokuhamba komoya nokuhamba kwegazi kubizwa ngokuba yi-V/Q mismatch.
2. Ukuphazamiseka Kokusasazeka: Khawuthelekelele ukuba abakhweli (ioksijini) bakwindawo yokuma, kwaye ibhasi (igazi) iyahamba. Kodwa kukho umqobo kubakhweli wokukhwela ibhasi. Lo ngumqobo kwioksijini esuka emiphungeni iye egazini . Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngokutyeba kweendonga zemiphunga.
3. Umoya ophuma kancinci: Ngamafutshane , ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ukungaphefumli nzulu , nto leyo ebangela ukuba ioksijini ingafikeleli emaphashini ngokwaneleyo.
4. I-oksijini ephantsi kwindawo esingqongileyo: Le icacile. Ukuba indawo esikuyo ineoksijini ephantsi , umzekelo, xa sisiya encotsheni yentaba, asiyi kukwazi ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.
5. Ukushukuma Ukusuka Ekunene Ukuya Ekhohlo: Intliziyo yethu inegazi elineoksijini ephantsi (igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kwicala lasekunene kunye negazi elineoksijini ephezulu (igazi elibomvu) kwicala lasekhohlo. Ezi zimbini azidibani. Kodwa kwezinye izifo zentliziyo, endaweni yokuya emiphungeni ukuze ifumane ioksijini, elinye igazi elineoksijini ephantsi litsibela ngqo kwicala lasekhohlo lize liye emzimbeni . Oku kukwangunobangela weHypoxemia.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Emva kokumamela iimpawu zakho, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga. Oku kuquka ukumamela intliziyo yakho nemiphunga, ukujonga umbala wolusu lwakho, nokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amanqanaba e-oxygen yakho.
- I-Pulse Oximetry: Usenokuba ukubonile oku. Sisixhobo esiqhoboshela emnweni wakho size silinganise amanqanaba e-oksijini yakho. Ayibuhlungu kwaye ilula kakhulu. I-pulse yomntu ophilileyo kufuneka ibe yi-95% nangaphezulu.
- Uvavanyo lweArterial Blood Gas (ABG): Olu lolona vavanyo luchanekileyo. Kuthathwa isampulu encinci yegazi kumthambo osesihlahleni, kwindawo egobileyo yengqiniba, okanye emqolo, kwaye kulinganiswa amanqanaba eoksijini, ikharbon diokside, kunye ne-asidi (pH) yegazi.
- Uvavanyo lokuHamba lweMizuzu emithandathu (6MWT): Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukuba ungahamba umgama ongakanani kwindawo ethe tyaba kwimizuzu emi-6, kunye nendlela amanqanaba akho eoksijini atshintsha ngayo ngokuzilolonga.
Iphathwa njani?
Eyona nto iphambili xa kunyangwa i-hypoxemia kukunyanga unobangela oyintloko . Ukongeza, unyango lukwasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba eoksijini egazini abe yinto eqhelekileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunyusa amanqanaba eoksijini egazini. Ngenxa yoku, kunikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo .
Iindlela ezininzi zonyango:
- Ioksijini: Ioksijini inikwa nge-cannula yempumlo okanye ngemaski. Abanye abantu banikwa izinto ezigcina ioksijini ezingasetyenziswa ekhaya.
- Ii-inhalers: Abantu abaneengxaki ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD banikwa ii-inhalers ezandisa iindlela zomoya (ii-bronchodilators) okanye ezinciphisa ukudumba (ii-steroids).
- Oomatshini beCPAP: Lo matshini unikezelwa kubantu abanesifo sokungalali kakuhle ukuze bawusebenzise ebusuku.
- Isixhobo sokuphefumla: Ukuba imeko yesigulana imbi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba sinengxaki yokuphefumla sodwa, siqhagamshelwe kumatshini wokuphefumla owenziweyo (isixhobo sokuphefumla) kwicandelo lokhathalelo oluphezulu lwesibhedlele.
- Amanye amayeza: Ukuba imiphunga izaliswe lulwelo, amayeza (i-diuretics) anikwa ukususa ulwelo olongezelelweyo.
Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sigcine amanqanaba e-oxygen afanelekileyo?
Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo semiphunga, ezi zinto zibalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko we-hypoxemia.
- Lawula imeko yakho ngokufanelekileyo: Sebenzisa amayeza kunye ne-inhaler echazwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha. Qiniseka ukuba uya kwiikliniki.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu emiphungeni. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kuya kunceda ukonyusa amanqanaba eoksijini.
- Yenza umthambo wokuphefumla: Buza ugqirha wakho ngezinto ezinje ngokuphefumla nzulu nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-Incentive Spirometer.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezintsha: Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye intlungu esifubeni, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto.
- Lumka xa uhamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo: Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga, thetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane icebiso elifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba uye kwindawo enentaba.
Sifanele siye nini kugqirha ngokukhawuleza? (Sifanele siye nini kwi-ETU)
I-Hypoxemia yimeko esongela ubomi. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo okuqatha ngequbuliso.
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwemilebe, iinzipho, okanye ulusu (iCyanosis).
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Ukuba sele unesifo, iimpawu zaso eziqhelekileyo zinokuba zimbi ngequbuliso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hypoxemia lizinga eliphantsi kakhulu leoksijini egazini. Oku kungonakalisa amalungu omzimba wethu.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kubunzima bokuphefumla, intloko ebuhlungu, ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, kunye nolusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Izifo zemiphunga (isifuba, i-COPD) kunye nesifo sentliziyo zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela oku.
- I-pulse oximeter ebekwe emnweni inokunika umbono ocacileyo wamanqanaba eoksijini, kodwa uvavanyo lwezonyango luyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe isifo esichanekileyo.
- Iindlela eziphambili zonyango kukunyanga isifo esisisiseko kunye nokubonelela ngeoksijini yangaphandle ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Ukuba ufumana ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla okanye ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
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