Ingaba umzimba wakho awunayo ioksijini? Masifunde nge-hypoxia.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya, unesizungu, okanye udidekile? Oku kusenokuba ngenxa ye -hypoxia, imeko apho izicubu zomzimba wakho zingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Ekubeni oku kunokuba yingozi kancinci, masithethe ngako ngendlela elula neqondakala lula. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi.

Yintoni i-hypoxia? Ngamafutshane...

Kulungile, masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni i-hypoxia. Ngamafutshane, kuxa izicubu zomzimba wakho zingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Xa siphefumla, ioksijini ingena emiphungeni. Ukusuka apho, ifunxwa egazini ngeengxowa zomoya ezincinci emiphungeni (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli) nakwimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu (ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries) ehamba kufutshane. Eli gazi lizele yioksijini emva koko lihamba emzimbeni wonke lize lihambise ioksijini kwezinye izicubu.

Ungacinga ngeoksijini njengabakhweli abayi-1 000 000 abafika kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya (oko kukuthi, imiphunga yakho). Bayathathwa apho baze bathuthwe ngomgaqo omkhulu (oko kukuthi, igazi lakho) ukuya kwindawo abaya kuyo (oko kukuthi, izicubu zomzimba wakho). Xa ioksijini ifika kwindawo yayo efanelekileyo, ivula indlela yomnye umkhweli , i-carbon dioxide . Le khabhoni dioxide yinkunkuma. Ibuyela emiphungeni yakho ize iphume emzimbeni wakho xa ukhupha umoya.

Ngoko ke, ukuba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo ndaweni ithile endleleni, i-hypoxia inokubakho. Oku kufuna ukuhamba komoya kunye nokuhamba kwegazi . Yiyo loo nto abantu abanesifo semiphunga kunye nesifo sentliziyo besengozini enkulu yokufumana i-hypoxia. Sikwabiza umntu onesifo se-hypoxia ngokuthi "yi-hypoxia."

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Hypoxia kunye ne-Hypoxemia?

Usenokuba ukhe waweva la magama mabini – i-hypoxia kunye ne-hypoxemia – esetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. Kodwa awafani ngokwenene. Amagama afana, nto leyo enokubangela ukudideka, kuba zombini ezi meko zibandakanya ukunqongophala kweoksijini, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

• I-Hypoxia kukuncipha kweoksijini kwizicwili zomzimba wakho .
• I-Hypoxemia kukuncipha kweoksijini egazini lakho .

I-Hypoxia idla ngokubangelwa yi-hypoxemia, kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo. Umntu unokuba ne-hypoxia ngaphandle kokuba ne-hypoxemia, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Uyaqonda?

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-hypoxia?

Nasiphi na imeko enciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini lakho, okanye nantoni na ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi, inokubangela i-hypoxia. Ngokukodwa,

• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga)
• I-Emphysema
• Isifuba

Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-hypoxia.

Kwakhona, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-influenza, kunye ne-COVID-19 zinokunyusa le ngozi.

Zithini iziphumo kunye neempawu ze-hypoxia?

Ioksijini ibalulekile kwiiseli zomzimba wethu ukuze zivelise amandla kwaye amalungu ethu omzimba kunye nezicubu zisebenze kakuhle. Nangona ezinye izicubu zinokuziqhelanisa nokwehla okwethutyana kwamanqanaba eoksijini, i-hypoxia engapheliyo inokonakalisa amalungu omzimba. Ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nentliziyo ngokukodwa kuyingozi kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukungabikho kweoksijini engqondweni yi-cerebral hypoxia .

Iimpawu ze-hypoxia zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko, unobangela oyintloko, kunye namalungu omzimba achaphazelekileyo. Xa amanqanaba akho eoksijini ehla, unokuziva ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla okanye ukucinga.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-hypoxia:

• Isimo sengqondo sokungaphumli, ukungaphumli.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukudideka kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukucwangcisa iingcinga zomntu.
• Uloyiko oluhlala luhleli kunye nexhala.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (oogqirha bayibiza le tachycardia).
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-tachypnea).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-dyspnea).

Njengoko i-hypoxia iba mandundu, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela:

• Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo (bradycardia).
• Ukuxakeka okugqithisileyo.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, kunye neenzipho (okubizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis). Olu luphawu oluyingozi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-hypoxia?

I-Hypoxia idla ngokubangelwa yimeko yezonyango echaphazela ukujikeleza kwegazi okanye ukuphefumla. Ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela i-hypoxia ziquka:

• I-anemia - ukungabikho kwegazi emzimbeni.
• Isifuba.
• I-Bronchitis - Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu) - Isifo semiphunga esihlala ixesha elide.
• Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo.
• Ezinye iimeko zokusilela kwentliziyo (ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani).
• I-Emphysema - umonakalo kwiingxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga.
• I-Pneumonia - Ingabangelwa ziibhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane.
• Umoya ozalisa indawo ejikeleze imiphunga okanye ukubola kwemiphunga (i-Pneumothorax).
• Ukudumba kwepulmonary.
• Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis - ukuvaleka kwemiphunga.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla xa ulele.

Musa ukothuka lolu luhlu. Asinguye wonke umntu onayo enye yezi zinto oza kuba ne-hypoxia, kodwa umngcipheko ukhona.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-hypoxia:

Ukuze iiseli ezikwizicubu zethu zifumane ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka kubekho izinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo:

1. Umoya esiwuphefumlayo kufuneka ube neoksijini eyaneleyo.

2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemiphunga kuyimfuneko ukuze kuthwalwe ioksijini kwiingxowa zethu zomoya (`alveoli`).

3. Udinga intliziyo ephilileyo kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ukuze uthwale igazi elineoksijini eninzi liye kwizicubu.

4. Kufuneka kubekho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini.

5. Iiseli ezikwizicubu kufuneka zibe nakho ukusebenzisa ioksijini.

Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kuyo nayiphi na kwezi ndawo kunokubangela enye yeentlobo ezine ze-hypoxia.

1. I-Hypoxia engapheliyo

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-hypoxia . Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukwehla komthamo we-oksijini egazini (okuthiwa yi-hypoxemia). Le meko inokubangelwa zizifo zemiphunga nezentliziyo, iziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa, kunye namayeza athile acothisa ukuphefumla. Kwakhona, xa usiya kwindawo ephakamileyo efana neNuwara Eliya, inqanaba le-oksijini emoyeni liphantsi, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwi-hypoxemia, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwi-hypoxia.

2. I-Hypoxia yokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-standing hypoxia okanye i-ischemic hypoxia. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba igazi lakho lisenokuba ne-oksijini eninzi, kodwa ukuba intliziyo yakho ayipompi igazi ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba umthambo wegazi uvalekile ndaweni ithile, loo oksijini ayifiki kwizicwili zakho. Ukusilela kwentliziyo okuxineneyo kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi kwandisa umngcipheko wolu hlobo lwe-hypoxia.

3. I-Anemia Hypoxia

Ngoku, abanye abantu bathi bane-blood pressure ephantsi, akunjalo? Oko kuthetha ukuba abanazo ii-red blood cells ezaneleyo. Ezi zi-red blood cells zezona zithwala i-oxygen ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko ke, ukuba awunazo ii-red blood cells ezaneleyo zokuthwala i-oxygen, oko kukuthi, ukuba une-anemia, olu hlobo lwe-hypoxia luyenzeka. Ukuba umzimba awuvelisi ii-red blood cells ezaneleyo, okanye ukuba ii-red blood cells eziveliswayo zikhubazekile, i-anemia inokwenzeka.

4. I-Hypoxia ebangelwa yiHistotoxic

Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Apha, imiphunga yakho ifumana ioksijini eyaneleyo, kwaye igazi lakho liyayifumana. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, iiseli ezikwizicubu azikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle loo oksijini. Oku kufana noko kunokwenzeka xa utya ityhefu efana ne-cyanide. Nangona iiseli zifumana ioksijini, azikwazi ukuyisebenzisa.

Ifunyanwa njani i-hypoxia?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole, amamele intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga. Banokujonga nolusu lwakho, iinzipho, kunye nemilebe yakho ukuba ayiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka na. Ukongeza, banokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukujonga amanqanaba e-oksijini yakho kunye nokufumanisa unobangela oyintloko we-hypoxia:

• I-Pulse Oximetry: Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenabuhlungu. Inzwa encinci ibotshelelwe emnweni wakho. Ilinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini lakho. Mhlawumbi ukubonile oku amaxesha amaninzi.
• Uvavanyo lweGesi yeGazi yeArterial Blood (ABG): Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osesihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye esinqeni usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukujonga amanqanaba eoksijini yakho.
• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga (PFT): Oku kubandakanya ukuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngomlomo oqhagamshelwe kumatshini. Kulinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scans, kunye ne-V/Q scans zithatha imifanekiso yamalungu akho angaphakathi. Ezi zinokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela we-hypoxia.
• Uvavanyo lokuHamba lweMizuzu emithandathu (6MWT): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umgama onokuhamba ngawo kwindawo ethe tyaba imizuzu emithandathu. Olu vavanyo lunokukunika umbono wokusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kunye nentliziyo yakho.

Iphathwa njani i-hypoxia?

Unyango lwe-hypoxia luxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko . Isenokuba sisiganeko sexesha elinye okanye isifo esingapheliyo. Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Amayeza avula indlela yakho yomoya, njengee -steroids ezifuthwayo, ukunyanga i-asthma okanye ezinye izifo zemiphunga.
• Amayeza anciphisa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emiphungeni (abizwa ngokuba yi-'Diuretics'').
• Ukusebenzisa imaski yeCPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ukunyanga i-sleep apnea.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweBiPAP® (BiLevel Positive Airway Pressure) (edla ngokubizwa ngegama lebrendi iBiPAP®) kwiCOPD nakwezinye iimeko ze-sleep apnea.
• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo kwi-hypoxia engapheliyo. Oku kubandakanya ukuncamathisela umatshini weoksijini, nokuba usebenzisa imaski okanye ityhubhu, empumlweni yakho ukuze kwandiswe ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela kwimiphunga yakho nakwii-air sacs (alveoli).
• Kwimeko ye-hypoxia ebukhali kakhulu, umoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini unokwenziwa esibhedlele.

Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu ze-hypoxia?

Ukuba uziva ungaqinisekanga ezinyaweni zakho, isantya sentliziyo yakho okanye ukuphefumla kwakho kuyakhawuleza, okanye iinzipho zakho, imilebe, okanye ulusu lwakho lubonakala luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza . Uyazi ukuba yintoni? I-Hypoxia yimeko ekufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba akunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Kwiimeko ezinde ezifana ne-COPD, olu xinzelelo lwegazi lusenokuqhubeka, kodwa iimpawu zisenokungabi nzima kangako. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela indlela yokulawula imeko yakho kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wamanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini. Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezintsha. Ukuba ubona into eyahlukileyo, xelela ugqirha wakho.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko we-hypoxia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-hypoxia kukulawula ngokufanelekileyo naziphi na iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela ukunciphisa amanqanaba akho eoksijini. Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela ezithile zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.

Khumbula ukuba amayeza athile kunye neemeko ezifana nokuhamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-hypoxia. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokuzikhusela ezikhethekileyo omele uzithathe xa uhamba okanye utshintsha amayeza.

Ndingaphila njani nale meko?

I-Hypoxia idla ngokufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela unobangela kunye nendlela yokuyilawula ukususela kwixesha elizayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, i-hypoxia iyaphela xa imeko engundoqo inyangwa, nto leyo ephelisa isidingo se-oksijini eyongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, i-oksijini eyongezelelweyo engapheliyo inokufuneka ukuthintela i-hypoxia nokuthintela umonakalo wezicubu ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi e-oksijini. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba unesifo esithile esibangela okanye esinokubangela ukungabikho koxinzelelo lwegazi emzimbeni, ukulawula eso sifo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba siphinde senzeke.

• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezintsha. Ukuba uziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga, themba iimvakalelo zakho kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) .
• Zikhathalele. Ukuba une-asthma, qaphela izinto ezibangela ukuba uphefumle. Soloko uphethe i-rescue inhaler, ukuba uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Yenza umthambo wokuphefumla njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kwaye kuthintele umonakalo ongakumbi.
• Sela naliphi na iyeza elichazwe ngugqirha wakho ngqo.
• Ukuba uhamba uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, yenza isicwangciso. Kwanabantu abangenazo naziphi na iingxaki zempilo banokufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Qonda indlela oku okuza kukuchaphazela ngayo kwaye wenze isicwangciso sokuziqhelanisa notshintsho. Kwakhona cinga ngento omawuyenze ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Zinike ixesha elaneleyo lokuziqhelanisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uzise naziphi na izixhobo okanye amayeza ongezelelweyo onokuwadinga.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

I-Hypoxia yimeko enokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba uneempawu ze-hypoxia, okanye ukuba abanye babona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela oziphatha ngayo okanye engqondweni yakho (ukudideka, ukuphazanyiswa, ukuguquka kwengqondo), yiya kwiSebe leNgxakeko (ETU) ngoko nangoko. Ukuba unesifo esiqhubekayo kwaye iimpawu zakho eziqhelekileyo ziba mandundu ngequbuliso, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha ocinga ukuba zinokuba yi-hypoxia, yiya kwiSebe leNgxakeko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ufunyaniswa ukuba une-hypoxia, nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Gqirha, ingaba olu xinzelelo lwegazi lubangelwa sisifo esithile esingundoqo?
• Ndingayilawula njani imeko yam ukuze ndinciphise umngcipheko we-hypoxia?
• Ingaba oku kwenze umonakalo kumalungu omzimba wam, okanye kukho ezinye iingxaki?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela endiphila ngayo ukuze ndinciphise umngcipheko we-hypoxia?
• Ngaba ukutshintsha izicwangciso zam zokuhamba okanye amayeza kuya kwandisa umngcipheko wam we-hypoxia?

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Hypoxia yimeko esongela ubomi , kodwa inokunyangeka ngonyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga esikubeka emngciphekweni we-hypoxia, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu ekufuneka uziqaphele kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba amanqanaba akho eoksijini aphantsi.

Khumbula, uyazi kakuhle umzimba wakho. Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ezikukhathazayo, ungathandabuzi ukufowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (ETU) elikufutshane. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Hypoxia, ioksijini, ubunzima bokuphefumla, isifo semiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, iimpawu, unyango