Uziva ungoyika kangakanani njengomama xa ubona amabala egazi kwi-napkin yomntwana wakho omncinci? Okanye intlungu oyivayo xa umntwana wakho eqhubeka ekhala ngenxa yokuba enesifo sesisu. Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zezo mpawu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unobangela sisifo sokuzalwa esingasivayo kangako, kodwa sixhaphake kakhulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, i-Meckel's diverticulum.
Yintoni iMeckel's Diverticulum?
Ngamafutshane, i-Meckel's diverticulum sisingxobo esincinci esakheka eludongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancinci. Le yimeko ebakho xa umntwana ezalwa. Oko kuthetha ukuba iyenzeka xa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Ixhaphake kakhulu. Xa sithetha nje, abantwana ababini okanye abathathu kwi-100 bazalwa benale meko.
Cinga ngamathumbu ethu njengetyhubhu ende. Ukuba inxalenye encinci efana nengxowa yetyhubhu iphuma eludongeni, siyibiza ngokuba yi-diverticulum. Kodwa i-diverticulum kaMeckel ikhethekile kancinci. Kuba ngamanye amaxesha ngaphakathi kwesi sikhwama sincinci kunokubakho ezinye iintlobo zezicubu ezingafumaneki rhoqo emathunjini. Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, izinto ezifana nezicubu zesisu okanye izicubu zepancreas. Xa olu hlobo lwezicubu eziqhelekileyo lufumaneka kwindawo engeyiyo, silubiza ngokuba yi-ectopic tissue kunyango.
Ixesha elininzi, le Meckel's diverticulum ayibangeli ngxaki. Abanye abantu baphila ubomi babo bonke bengazi nokuba banale nto. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zivela ngenxa yezicubu eziphuma ectopic endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho izicubu zesisu ngaphakathi kweso sikhwama sincinci, siqala ukukhupha i-asidi njengesisu. Udonga lwamathumbu amancinci alunakumelana nale asidi. Emva koko izilonda zinokwakheka apho zize ziqale ukopha.
Yintoni "uMthetho wee-2" onxulumene noku?
Enye indlela yokukhumbula ngokulula ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-Meckel's diverticulum kukusebenzisa "umthetho wabantu ababini." Oku kusinceda sikhumbule izinto ezifana nokuba imeko ixhaphake kangakanani kwaye ngubani oyifumanayo.
| Iinyaniso "zoMthetho we-2s" | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| 2% yabemi | Malunga ne -2% yabantu bonke banale meko. |
| Yi -2% kuphela efumana iingxaki | Yi -2% kuphela yabantu abanale ngxaki abafumana iimpawu okanye iingxaki (oko kukuthi, abantu abangama-98 kwabayi-100 abanazo iingxaki). |
| Iimpawu zibonakala zingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala | Ukuba iimpawu ziyabonakala, zihlala zibonakala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. |
| Izihlandlo ezibini eziqhelekileyo kumadoda | Abantwana abangamakhwenkwe banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba neengxaki ezivela kule meko kunabantwana abangamantombazana. |
| Ifumaneka malunga neenyawo ezimbini ukusuka esiphelweni samathumbu amancinci | Esi sikhwama sincinci sikwiimitha ezi -2 ukusuka apho umathumbu amancinci adibana khona nomathumbu amakhulu. |
| Iintlobo ezimbini zezicubu ze-ectopic | Kunokubakho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezicubu ezilahlekileyo (izicubu zesisu okanye izicubu zepancreas) ngaphakathi kwesi. |
Zithini iimpawu? Kunini apho sifanele sicinge ukuba kukho ingxaki?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwabantu alunazo iimpawu. Kodwa ukuba kuvela iingxaki ngandlela thile, iimpawu ziyavela. Ezi zihlala zibonakala ebuntwaneni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela nasemva kokuba umntu ekhulile. Ezi zezona ngxaki ziphambili kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo.
Ukopha kwamathumbu
Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. I-asidi ekhutshwa kwizicubu zesisu ezingaphandle kwesisu endizikhankanyileyo ibangela ukuba kubekho izilonda eludongeni lwamathumbu kwaye ziqale ukopha.
- Uphawu olukhethekileyo: Akusoloko kukho ntlungu xa uphuma igazi ngale ndlela.
- Iimpawu ebantwaneni: Abantwana abancinci banokubona igazi elibomvu elimnyama kwindle yabo. Ngamanye amaxesha, indle inokuba nombala omfusa omdaka, ifane nejeli.
- Iimpawu kubantu abadala: Kubantu abadala, indle inokuba mnyama, njengetha .
- Ukongeza: Njengoko ukopha kuqhubeka, ukunikezelwa kwegazi emzimbeni kunokuncipha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi -anemia . Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokukhanya, ukudinwa, kunye nesiyezi.
Usulelo lwe-diverticulum (i-Diverticulitis)
Ngamanye amaxesha, iziqwenga zendle ziyanamathela kuloo ngxowa incinci, nto leyo ebangela usulelo lweentsholongwane kunye nokudumba.
- Iimpawu: Oku kufana nentlungu ye-appendicitis. Kukho iintlungu eziqatha esiswini, ingakumbi ejikeleze inkaba . Isisu siyadumba kwaye sibuhlungu xa usichukumisa. Umkhuhlane unokubakho.
Ukuvaleka Kwamathumbu
Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa enokuba yingozi. I-Meckel's diverticulum inokuthintela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye indlela yokutya edlula emathunjini amancinci.
- Iimpawu: Ukugcwala kwesisu, iintlungu eziqatha zesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.
- Indlela eyenzeka ngayo: Ngamanye amaxesha isiqwenga sezicubu esivela kwi-diverticulum sinokuvala amathumbu. Ngamanye amaxesha, imeko apho inxalenye enye yamathumbu ityibilika kwenye (intussusception) inokwenzeka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ubona igazi kwindle yomntwana wakho, musa ukulibetha ngoyaba. Nokuba akukho ntlungu, mse umntwana wakho kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba ezi ngxaki zingaba yingozi?
Ewe. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi ngxaki zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Umzekelo, ukopha okuqhubekayo kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ligazi kakhulu kunye nokothuka. Kwakhona, ukuba inxeba linzulu kwaye amathumbu agqobhokile, iintsholongwane ezisemathunjini zinokusasazeka kulo lonke isisu, zibangele usulelo olukhulu (i-sepsis). Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.
Kutheni le meko isenzeka?
Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. Kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhula njenge-embryo esibelekweni sikamama, umntwana ufumana ukutya kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-yolk sac. Kamva, xa i-placenta ikhula, imfuneko yale-yolk sac iyanyamalala. Ityhubhu edibanisa i-embryo kunye ne-yolk sac (i-vitelline duct) kufuneka inciphe ize ingene emzimbeni ngeli xesha.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, le tube ayinciphi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye inxalenye encinci yayo iyasala. Elo candelo liseleyo yileyo isala emathunjini amancinci njenge-Meckel's diverticulum. Izazinzulu azikaqondi kakuhle ukuba kutheni loo tissue ye-ectopic yakheka ngaphakathi kuyo.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Abanye abantu banokufunyaniswa benayo ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa ngesinye isizathu. Okanye banokuqala ukuyikhangela xa kuvela iimpawu. Iingcali zabantwana, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala unegazi elingenabuhlungu esitulweni sakhe, banokukrokrela le meko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:
- I-Meckel's Scan: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolungcono. Kolu vavanyo, idosi encinci kakhulu, ekhuselekileyo yento ene-radioactive ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni. Ukuba kukho izicubu zesisu ngaphakathi kwi-Meckel's diverticulum, izicubu ziyayifunxa le nto. Emva koko, xa ijongwa ngekhamera ekhethekileyo (ikhamera ye-gamma), yindawo kuphela apho izicubu zikhoyo eya kukhanya ngokucacileyo.
- I-Angiogram: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray lwemithambo yegazi. Lunokujonga nayiphi na imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga ehambisa igazi kwi-Meckel's diverticulum okanye nakuphi na ukopha.
- I-Endoscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha, ityhubhu encinci efakwe ikhamera (i-enteroscopy) okanye i-capsule encinci efana nekhamera eginywayo (i-capsule endoscopy) isetyenziselwa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lamathumbu. Kwimeko yomntwana omncinci, le capsule yekhamera ifakwa emathunjini emva kwe-anesthesia.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba kuvela iingxaki ezivela kwi-Meckel's diverticulum, unyango olulodwa nolungcono kukususa inxalenye ye-diverticulum ngotyando. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-small bowel resection . Ngamafutshane, iqhekeza elincinci le-intestine eliqulethe i-diverticulum liyasikwa lize lisuswe, kwaye iindawo ezimbini eziseleyo ze-intestine ziyaxhunyaniswa kwakhona.
Uninzi lwexesha, olu tyando lwenziwa nge-laparoscopically . Oku kuthetha ukuba olu tyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci esiswini, endaweni yokusikwa okukhulu. Oku kubangela ukuphola ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungafumani amanxeba amaninzi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba akukho zimpawu, ukuba iskeni sifumana izicubu zesisu ezingaphandle kwesisu ngaphakathi kwi-Meckel's diverticulum, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukuze zisuswe ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezizayo.
Emva kotyando, wena nomntwana wakho anisayi kuphinda nikhathazeke ngale ngxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Meckel's diverticulum sisifo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa esingenabungozi, esibangelwa kukuzalwa. Kwiimeko ezingama-98 kwezili-100, asibangeli ngxaki.
- Ukuba ubona igazi elibomvu elimnyama kwindle yomntwana wakho ngaphandle kwentlungu , oko kungaba luphawu lwe-Meckel's diverticulum.
- Iimpawu ezifana nentlungu eqatha yesisu ejikeleze inkaba, umkhuhlane, kunye nokuhlanza nazo zinokunxulunyaniswa noku.
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukoyika kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, le meko inokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando olulula.
- Ukuba ungumntu omdala kwaye awukabi nazo iimpawu okwangoku, amathuba okuba nengxaki kwixesha elizayo aphantsi kakhulu.
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