Unyango lwe-immunotherapy lomhlaza webele: Yilwa nomhlaza ngamandla omzimba wakho

Xa sicinga ngonyango lomhlaza, sicinga ngoko nangoko ngonyango olufana ne-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiotherapy, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi ukuba ukongeza kwezi, kukho indlela entsha yonyango ephucukileyo enokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-immunotherapy.

Ngoko ke, ngokulula nje, yintoni i-immunotherapy?

I-immunotherapy lunyango oluvuselela inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela , okanye 'ukuyivusa', ukuze ikwazi ukubona, ukuhlasela, nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza webele. Kufana nokuqeqesha imikhosi yakho yokuzikhusela ukuba ifumane kwaye itshabalalise iintshaba ezifihlakeleyo (iiseli zomhlaza).

Okwangoku, oogqirha basebenzisa olu nyango ikakhulu kumhlaza webele one-triple-negative, uhlobo olunzima ukunyanga. Lukwasetyenziswa nakumhlaza webele osasazekayo . Ukongeza, uphando lusaqhubeka malunga neenzuzo ze-immunotherapy kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza webele, ezifana ne-HER2-positive kunye ne-ER-positive.

Olu nyango lusebenza njani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?

Ukuze siqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ifana namapolisa kwilizwe lethu. Umsebenzi wamapolisa kukuchonga nokubamba abantu ababi namasela. Zombini iiseli eziphilileyo kunye neeseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wethu zineproteni ezikhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-antigens .

Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza zingamasela anobuchule kakhulu. Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza, ngokutshintsha iiproteni kumphezulu wazo, ziyazifihla kwaye zibonise inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, amapolisa, "Andingomntu umbi, ndingomnye wenu." Emva koko amapolisa akanakukwazi ukumbona lo msela. I-immunotherapy ilapha ukuze ithintele lo msebenzi wobuqili.

Olu nyango lunokusebenza ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Active Immunotherapies: Oku kuquka ukunika inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba 'uqeqesho' olukhethekileyo. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba iqeqeshwe ukuba ibone iimpawu ezithile (ii-antigens) ezifumaneka kwiiseli zomhlaza kuphela kwaye izihlasele zona kuphela.
• Ii-Passive Immunotherapies: Oku kuquka ukufaka iyeza elikhethekileyo elenziwe kwilebhu emzimbeni. Eli yeza lisebenza njengeyunithi 'yamandla akhethekileyo' enceda inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Eli yeza liya ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza lize lizityhile kwaye liziveze.

Zeziphi iintlobo zamayeza onyango olukhuselayo olunikwa umhlaza webele?

Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza e-immunotherapy avunyiweyo kumhlaza webele ehlabathini.

1. I-Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®): Eli lelona yeza lisetyenziswa kakhulu. Linikwa ngokukodwa umhlaza webele one-triple-negative. Eli yeza lisebenza ngokuthintela iproteni ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukuzifihla. Oku kuvumela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ikwazi ukubona nokuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza ngokulula. Ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza linikwa ngaphambi nasemva kotyando ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.

2. I-Dostarlimab (Jemperli®): Eli yeza linikwa izigulane ezinomhlaza osasazeke emva kolunye unyango kwaye ezineempawu zemfuza ezikhethekileyo (uphawu lwethumba) kwiiseli zazo zomhlaza.

Olu nyango lunikwa njani kwaye luhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Amayeza e-immunotherapy anikwa ngemithambo yegazi, njengesisombululo se-saline, esibizwa ngokuba yi-intravenous (IV injection) . Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, olu nyango lungathatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ngeshedyuli.

Iphumelela kangakanani i-immunotherapy?

Olu nyango luselutsha. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba, ingakumbi kubantu abanomhlaza webele one-triple-negative, unyango lwe-immunotherapy oludibene ne-chemotherapy lunokuphucula amaxesha okusinda ngaphezu kwe-chemotherapy yodwa. Oku kuyathembisa ngokwenene.

Okwangoku kukho amakhulu eemvavanyo zonyango ezenzekayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zijonga ukuba ingaba unyango lwe-immunotherapy lungasetyenziswa na kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza webele, kwaye ingaba unyango olukhoyo lunokuphuculwa na. Ke ngoko, olu nyango lunokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekulweni nomhlaza kwixesha elizayo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho?

Njengakweminye imithi, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuchaphazeli wonke umntu ngokufanayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ukungonwabi okuncinci, ngelixa abanye besenokungabi nazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kwaye uzazi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezichazwe apha ngasentla, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci aziphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye ziba nzima, xelela ugqirha wakho. Kubalulekile ukunikel’ ingqalelo kuzo naziphi na iinguqu emzimbeni wakho ngexesha lonyango kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngazo.