Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba sinomkhosi omncinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu wokulwa nezifo? Kukho umkhosi onjalo ngokwenene. Nguwo lowo umzimba wethu wokuzikhusela. Lo mkhosi une "zithunywa" ezikhethekileyo ezaziyo xa isifo siza kufika kwaye zithumela umyalezo kwabanye ngaso. Ezo zithunywa zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zii-interferons. Namhlanje sithetha ngezi interferons zimangalisayo.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi interferons?
Ii-Interferons ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo eziveliswa ziiseli zethu, ingakumbi inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Ngokuchanekileyo, ezi "ziiproteni ezibonisa iimpawu." Xa intsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu, okanye xa iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula, iiseli zomzimba wethu zivelisa ezi interferons kwaye zixelele ezinye iiseli, "Nanku utshaba luza, lungelani imfazwe!"
Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-"interferons" kuba "ziphazamisana" nomsebenzi weentsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane. Oko kukuthi, zithintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingaphindaphindani emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, zingasasazeki.
Kodwa into emangalisayo kukuba, izazinzulu zikwazile ukuvelisa le interferon, eveliswa ngokwendalo emizimbeni yethu, ngokwenziwa kwilebhu. I-Interferon eyenziwe ngale ndlela yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengonyango lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza ngo-1986. Ukususela ngoko, le interferon yokwenziwa iye yasetyenziswa ukunyanga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo.
Ngoko ke ezi zinto zisebenza njani?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho. Ngaloo mzuzu, iiseli ezifana neeseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi zikhupha le interferon. Le interferon iyahamba ize ithumele umyalezo kwiiseli ezosulelwe yintsholongwane, kunye neeseli eziphilileyo ezizingqongileyo.
Xa esi siginali sifunyenwe, iindlela zokuzikhusela ezikwiiseli ziyasebenza. Zikwathumela umyalezo kwamanye "amajoni" kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela (umzekelo, olunye uhlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-cytokines) zisithi, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza uze utshabalalise olu tshaba."
Oku koko kwenziwa yi-interferon yokwenziwa enikwa ngoogqirha njengonyango.
- Zivuselela inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza okanye abahlaseli beentsholongwane.
- Iyathintela iiseli zomhlaza kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingahlukani, oko kukuthi, zikhule.
- Inceda ekukhuseleni iiseli ezisempilweni kwizifo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-interferons.
1. I-Interferon-alpha
2. I-Interferon-beta
3. I-Interferon-gamma
Nangona uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Interferon-lambda lusandula ukufunyanwa, lusekwinqanaba lophando.
Ziziphi izifo ezinyangwa nge-interferon?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-interferon lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi. Ndenze le theyibhile ukuze kube lula ukuqonda olu lwazi.
| Uhlobo lwe-interferon | Izifo neemeko ezinyangwayo |
|---|---|
| I-Interferon-alpha |
|
| I-Interferon-beta | |
| I-Interferon-gamma |
Lunikwa njani olu nyango?
Ugqirha wakho uhlala ekunika olu nyango lwe-interferon njengenaliti . Ingafakwa njengenaliti kwizihlunu zakho, okanye phantsi kolusu lwakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ingafakwa njengenaliti kwimithambo esengalweni yakho.
Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele okanye ekliniki. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kukufundisa indlela yokuzijova ekhaya. Ukuba wenza njalo, uya kunikwa uqeqesho olufanelekileyo malunga nendlela yokulungiselela nokujova iyeza.
Uhlobo lwe-interferon oyinikwayo, idosi, ixesha omele uyithathe, kunye nokuba kufuneka uyithathe kangaphi ngeveki kuya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho yempilo. Eso sigqibo siya kwenziwa ngugqirha okunyangayo.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zale ndlela yonyango?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, unyango lwe-interferon luneengenelo kunye neengozi zeziphumo ezithile ebezingalindelekanga.
Iingenelo eziphambili zonyango
Ngamafutshane, olu nyango luqinisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yendalo yomzimba wethu kwaye lunceda ekulweni nezifo.
- Inceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekufumaneni nasekuhlaseleni iiseli zomhlaza kunye neentsholongwane.
- Iyathintela iiseli zomhlaza kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingasasazeki kwaye zikhule emzimbeni.
- Ithintela ukusasazeka kosulelo kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka xa usebenzisa unyango lwe-interferon. Uninzi lwazo lungolwexeshana.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga.
Abantu abaninzi bafumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokufumana inaliti. Oku kungathatha malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Iintlungu zomzimba kunye nemisipha
- Ukugodola
- Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu)
Ukongeza, abanye abantu banokuba namaqhuqhuva eluswini, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, kunye nokulahlekelwa ziinwele (i-alopecia).
Iimeko ezinzulu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo
Ukongeza kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho iingxaki ezinkulu ezinokwenzeka rhoqo ngonyango lwe-interferon, kodwa kufuneka siziqaphele . Ukuba unezinye zezi meko zilandelayo zonyango, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwe-interferon.
- Iingxaki zentliziyo: Abanye abantu banokufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga emva kolu nyango. Ukuba sele unesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo.
- Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo:Ezinye izigulana ezifumana olu nyango ziye zafumana uxinzelelo okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala. Ukuba unengxaki yengqondo esele ikho, ugqirha wakho uya kuhlala ejonga impilo yakho yengqondo ngexesha lonyango. Ukuba uziva uxhalabile okanye udandathekile, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Iimeko zamehlo: Ukuba unengxaki yamehlo, efana ne-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile, i-interferon ingayenza imeko ibe mandundu. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango.
- Isifo se-thyroid: Abanye abantu bane-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu (hyperthyroidism) okanye i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kakuhle (hypothyroidism). Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone yakho ngaphambi kokuba aqale unyango.
- Izifo zemiphunga: Ukuba unezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia, eli yeza linokuzenza zibe mandundu. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uza kukugcina ujongwa rhoqo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha uza kugqiba ekubeni akunike unyango lwe-interferon emva kokuba ehlolisise ngenyameko zonke izibonelelo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Kuphela xa egqiba kwelokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho apho aza kuqalisa olu nyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-Interferons ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, eziveliswa yimizimba yethu. Zifana "nabathunywa" abalwa nezifo.
- I-Interferon, eveliswa kwiilabhoratri, liyeza elinamandla elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi, kuquka umhlaza, usulelo lwentsholongwane, kunye ne-multiple sclerosis.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba xa ufumana olu nyango. Musa ukukhathazeka ngezi zinto, kodwa yazisa ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba unezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo sengqondo, isifo samehlo, isifo se-thyroid, okanye isifo semiphunga, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaso ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango lwe-interferon.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza malunga nokungakhululeki okuvayo ngexesha lonyango. Musa ukugcina nantoni na kuwe.
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