Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha angakuxelela athi, "Kufuneka wenze utyando lwesisu." Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa usiva loo nto. Igama lezonyango lolu hlobo lotyando, olubandakanya ukuvula isisu, yi-"laparotomy." Ngoko masithethe ngale nto namhlanje, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo, ngendlela eya kwenza zonke iingxaki zakho ziphele.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-laparotomy?
I-laparotomy yinkqubo yotyando evula isisu sakho, apho kukho amalungu omzimba wakho. Cinga ngayo njengokuvula i-hood yemoto ukujonga injini ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni engalunganga. Oogqirha benza le nkqubo ukuze bahlole ngqo amalungu angaphakathi esiswini sakho.
Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Njengotyando lokuhlola: Ngamanye amaxesha, kwanezikrini azikwazi ukufumana unobangela wentlungu yesisu sakho okanye ukopha ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha benza olu tyando ukuze bafumane ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi. Ngelo xesha, iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili (i-biopsy) linokuthathwa ukuze lihlolwe.
2. Njengotyando lonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kunyangwe imeko yempilo. Umzekelo, kunokufuneka kususwe i-appendix eqhekekileyo, kususwe ithumba elinomhlaza, okanye kususwe lonke ilungu lomzimba.
Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando oluqala njengenkqubo yokuhlola lunokuguquka lube lutyando lonyango ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ingxaki ifunyenwe. Oko kukuthi, ingxaki ifunyenwe kwaye isisombululo sinikezelwa apho.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweLaparotomy kunye neLaparoscopy?
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva "ngotyando lwe-keyhole." Yiyo loo nto i-laparoscopy isetyenziswa. Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi esiswini, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Masiqonde loo nto ngokucacileyo.
| Uphawu | I-Laparotomy (utyando oluvulekileyo) | I-Laparoscopy (utyando lwe-keyhole) |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusika ngotyando | Kwenziwa umsikelo omde nomkhulu esiswini. | Kuphela zimbalwa kakhulu iindawo zokusikeka ezincinci ("ii-keyholes") ezenziweyo. |
| Umbono | Ugqirha unokubona amalungu omzimba ngqo ngamehlo akhe. | Ikhamera (i-laparoscope) ifakwa kwaye amalungu omzimba ajongwa kwisikrini. |
| Ixesha lokuphiliswa | Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba uphile. Kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku eziliqela. | Uza kuphila ngokukhawuleza kwaye uchithe ixesha elincinci esibhedlele. |
| Isilonda | Kushiyeke isilonda esikhulu nesibonakalayo. | Kusekho amanxeba ambalwa amancinci kakhulu, angabonakaliyo kangako. |
| Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezingxamisekileyo | Ilungele kakhulu iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ingakumbi xa kukho ukopha okuninzi. Ingenziwa ngokukhawuleza. | Ayisoloko ifanelekile kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ithatha ixesha elide kakhulu. |
Kutheni sifuna i-laparotomy?
Ugqirha udla ngokusebenzisa utyando olukhulu olunje kuphela xa kungekho ndlela zimbi. Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili:
- Intlungu yesisu engachazekiyo: Xa iiskeni zingakwazi ukufumana unobangela wentlungu engapheliyo yesisu okanye ukudumba.
- Ukopha ngaphakathi kwesisu: Yeka ukopha ngaphakathi kwesisu ngenxa yengozi okanye esinye isizathu.
- Amanqanaba omhlaza: Susa ithumba elinomhlaza, okanye ubone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani esiswini (Cancer Staging).
- Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo: Umzekelo, xa i-appendicitis sele iza kuqhuma, okanye xa kukho umngxuma emathunjini.
- Utyando lwe-Cesarean (C-section): Utyando lwe-cesarean, olwenzelwa ukubeleka okucwangcisiweyo okanye okungxamisekileyo, nalo luhlobo lwe-laparotomy.
- Ukususwa kwamalungu omzimba:Ukususa ilungu elifana nespleen okanye isibeleko ngenxa yemeko yempilo.
Ngawaphi amalungu omzimba ahlolwayo kolu tyando?
Ukuvula isisu kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ahlole amalungu amaninzi abalulekileyo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Isisu
- Amathumbu amancinci namakhulu (Amathumbu)
- Isihlomelo
- Ispleen
- I-Pancreas
- Isibindi
- Inyongo
- Izintso, ii-adrenal glands kunye nee-ureters
- Isinyi
- Izitho zokuzala zabasetyhini (isibeleko, iityhubhu ze-fallopian, ama-ovari)
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngenxa yokuba i-laparotomy lutyando olukhulu, kukho amanyathelo aliqela onokuwathatha ukuze ulungiselele. Amanye ala manyathelo asenokungenzeki ngexesha lotyando olungxamisekileyo.
- Imvume enolwazi: Ugqirha uza kukuchazela yonke into malunga notyando, iingozi zalo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. Emva koko, baya kufumana imvume yakho ebhaliweyo.
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-X-ray zenziwa ukujonga impilo yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha ngamayeza owasebenzisayo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izifo onokuba nazo.
- Ukulungiswa kwamathumbu: Unganikwa i-laxative okanye i-enema yokucoca amathumbu akho ngosuku olungaphambi kotyando. Kuya kufuneka uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukubulala iintsholongwane: Ngaphambi kotyando, indawo yesisu ihlanjwa kakuhle ngesepha yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha, iinwele ezikuloo ndawo zinokususwa.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha nasemva kotyando?
Olu tyando lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu. Ugqirha wenza utyando esiswini sakho olunokuba yi-intshi ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-12 ubude. Emva koko, kwenziwa uvavanyo okanye unyango olufunekayo, kwaye utyando luyathungwa. Utyando lungathatha iiyure ezininzi.
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwigumbi emva kotyando. Isantya sentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kuya kuhlolwa de ubuyele engqondweni. Ngeli xesha, usenokuba neetyhubhu ezininzi emzimbeni wakho:
- Umgca we-IV: Oku kufakwa emthanjeni kwaye kunika amayeza okuthomalalisa, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye ne-saline.
- Umbhobho weNasogastric: Susa ulwelo esiswini.
- I-catheter yomchamo: Ukukhupha umchamo.
Uza kunikwa amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu ukuze ulawule iintlungu. Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa esibhedlele, uza kuncedwa ukuba uhambe kancinci ngoncedo lwabahlengikazi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga.
Zithini iingozi zolu tyando?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando olukhulu, i-laparotomy inokuba neengozi ezithile, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ohlangabezana nazo ezi ngxaki.
- Umonakalo ongeyongozi kwezinye izitho ezikufutshane.
- Ukopha kakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi.
- Ukosuleleka kwesilonda kunye nokuphola okulibazisekileyo.
- Ukuba ndindisholo okungapheliyo kwezinye iindawo ezijikeleze inxeba ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.
- I-Hernia kwi-hernia yokusika.
- Kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba imeko efana nokuvaleka kwamathumbu iya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yokunamathela kwesisu.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho ngokubanzi kunye nobungakanani botyando olwenziweyo.
- Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-6 ukuba inxeba liphole .
- Kusala isilonda eside phezu kwesisu, kodwa siyaphela kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi wakho, unokukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini emva kweeveki ezi-6.
- Kuza kuthatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuphakamisa iintsimbi okanye ukwenza umthambo onzima.
- Kungathatha malunga neminyaka emibini ukuba amandla ezihlunu zesisu sakho abuyele kwinqanaba awayekulo ngaphambi kotyando. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunceda koku.
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukuba uphilile na emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
Qaphela! Qaphela ezi mpawu:
* Igazi okanye ulwelo olufana nobovu oluphuma kwinxeba lotyando.
* Ukuba intlungu iya isiba mandundu endaweni yokuncipha.
* Ukuba unomkhuhlane.
* Ukuba awukwazi ukuphuma umoya okanye ukuya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.
* Ukuba umlenze omnye udumbile kwaye ubuhlungu (oku kungaba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi).
* Ukuba ufumana iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukukhwehlela.
I-laparotomy ayisiyonto yokoyika, idla ngokuba yinkqubo efunekayo ukusindisa ubomi bakho okanye ukukunceda uphile. Nangona ixesha lokuchacha lide kancinci, ngokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo, ungaphila ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-laparotomy yindlela enkulu yotyando ebandakanya ukuvula isisu. Kungafuneka ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga isifo.
- Oku kwahlukile "kutyando lwe-keyhole" (i-Laparoscopy). I-Laparotomy iluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
- Kuthatha ixesha ukuphiliswa emva kotyando. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, ingakumbi malunga nokuzilolonga kunye nokuphakamisa iintsimbi.
- Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu ezigqithisileyo, kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi esilondeni. Ukuba uneengxaki, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
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