Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe okanye unesiyezi xa unyuka izinyuko? Sihlala sicinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka njengoko sikhula okanye ngenxa yokusebenza nzima kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwezi mpawu zincinci, kunokubakho ingxaki yempilo ekufuneka siyiqwalasele. Enye yeengxaki ezinjalo sisifo se-valve yentliziyo. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke le nto ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni iSifo seValve yeNtliziyo?
Ngamafutshane, le yimeko apho ivalvu enye okanye ezingaphezulu entliziyweni yethu zingasebenzi kakuhle. Cinga ngentliziyo yethu njengendlu encinci enamagumbi amane. Phakathi kwala magumbi kukho iingcango ezine ezinceda ukugcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela. Ezo ngcango zibizwa ngokuba ziivalvu .
Xa intliziyo ibetha, le valve iyavuleka ize ivale, njengocango.
- Le valve iyavuleka xa igazi lifuna ukugeleza phambili.
- Ezi ziyavaleka xa igazi kufuneka liyeke ukugeleza libuyela umva.
Xa le nkqubo ingasebenzi kakuhle, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho unyango oluninzi oluhle olufumanekayo namhlanje. Ezi valve zinokulungiswa ngotyando okanye ezinye iindlela zanamhlanje, okanye kufakwe entsha.
Kukho iivalvu ezine eziphambili entliziyweni yethu:
- Ivalvu yeMitral: Phakathi kwe-atrium yasekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo.
- Ivalvu yeTricuspid: Phakathi kwe-atrium yasekunene kunye ne-ventricle yasekunene.
- Ivalvu ye-Aortic: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo kunye ne-aorta.
- Ivalvu yepulmonary: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yasekunene kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezifo zevalvu?
Iingxaki zeevalvu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu omnye unokuba neengxaki ezingaphezu kwenye kwezi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Igama lemeko | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| I-Stenosis | Amaphetshana evalvu aba makhulu, aqine, kwaye awavuleki kakuhle. Njengocango olunomhlwa. Oku kunciphisa umngxuma apho igazi liphuma khona. Intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukuze ityhale igazi phambili. |
| Ukubuyela esibhedlele | Iivalvu ezivalayo azivaleki kakuhle, nto leyo evumela igazi ukuba livuze umva. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"valve evuzayo." Kufana nomoya ophuma ngomnyango ongavalwanga, kwaye igazi livuza umva. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima ngokuphindwe kabini. |
| Ukwehla kwesantya | Oku kuchaphazela ngakumbi ivalvu ye-mitral. Ngenxa yokuba amaphetshana evalvu athambile kakhulu, ajika abuyele umva, aye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo, xa intliziyo ibetha. Oku akunabungozi kubantu abaninzi, kodwa kwabanye kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa. |
| I-Atresia | Le yimeko yokuzalwa. Ivalvu yentliziyo eyakheka ngaphandle kokuvula ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Oku kudla ngokuchongwa ngoogqirha xa bezalwa. |
Zithini iimpawu zesifo sevalvu?
Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sevalvu ababonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imeko iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala njengoko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo sinokufumaneka emzimbeni ngaphandle kweempawu. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonwayo zezi:
- Ukudinwa: Le isenokuba luphawu lokuqala olubonayo. Ungaziva udiniwe nasemva kokuba wenze umsebenzi omncinci.
- Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo (dyspnea): Ukuphelelwa ngumoya kuyanda, ingakumbi xa uzilolonga, unyuka izinyuko, okanye wenza nawuphi na umsebenzi onzima.
- Utshintsho kwindlela intliziyo yakho ebetha ngayo (ukubetha kwentliziyo): Usenokuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, unemvakalelo "yokubetha" esifubeni sakho, okanye isenokuziva ngathi ibetha kube kanye ize iyeke.
- Ukudumba komzimba (Edema): Ukudumba emaqatheni, emilenzeni, okanye esiswini.
- Ubuthathaka okanye isiyezi: Usenokuziva unesiyezi, ngokungathi uphakame ngequbuliso.
- Ukunyuka ngequbuliso kobunzima bomzimba.
- Intlungu yesifuba: Usenokuba nomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni sakho, ingakumbi xa usenza umsebenzi onzima.
Kutheni ezi zifo zevalvu zenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba iivalvu zentliziyo zingonakala. Ezinye zizinto esinokuzilawula, ezinye azinjalo.
- Umkhuhlane werheumatic: Imeko eyenzeka xa usulelo lomphimbo (strep throat) lunganyangwa ebuntwaneni. Oku kungonakalisa iivalvu zentliziyo. Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lethu.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo okubangelwa kuhlaselo lwentliziyo kunokuchaphazela nokusebenza kweevalvu.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwayo ixesha elide lunokonakalisa intliziyo.
- Iingxaki zokuzalwa: Abanye abantu bazalwa benesiphene sevalvu.
- Ivalvu iba buthathaka xa sikhula: Njengoko sikhula, i-calcium deposits (calcification) kwizicubu zeevalvu inokuzityeba kwaye izenze buthathaka.
- I-Infective endocarditis: Usulelo lwebhaktheriya oluvela kwenye indawo emzimbeni oluhamba ngegazi kwaye lonakalise iivalvu zentliziyo.
- Ezinye izifo: Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-Marfan syndrome, zingonakalisa neevalvu.
Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko
- Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba.
- Ukutya okungenampilo.
- Ukungazilolongi.
- Ukuba nezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Emva kokufumana unyango lwe-radiation lomhlaza.
- Ukwaluphala.
Ugqirha usixilonga njani isifo sevalvu?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuxilonga. Xa umamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, ukuba uva isandi esingaqhelekanga ukongeza kwizandi zentliziyo eziqhelekileyo, "ukugquma kwentliziyo," kungaba luphawu lwengxaki yevalvu. Baza kukhangela nezinto ezifana nolwelo emiphungeni kunye nokudumba emilenzeni.
Emva koko, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo kunye nokufumanisa ubukhali baso.
| Igama lovavanyo | Kwenzeka ntoni nje? |
|---|---|
| I-Echocardiogram | Olu luvavanyo lwentliziyo oluqhutywa nge-ultrasound. Njengokuskena isisu sikamama okhulelweyo, isixhobo sibekwa phezu kwesifuba kwaye intliziyo iyabetha, iivalvu zivuleke zize zivaleke, kwaye igazi lihamba njengevidiyo. |
| I-Trans-esophageal Echo (TEE) | Oku kufana nokuskena nge-echo, kodwa ityhubhu encinci enesixhobo sokuskena ifakwa nge-esophagus ize ibekwe kufutshane kakhulu nentliziyo. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yeevalvu zentliziyo. |
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | Uvavanyo olurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubeka izitikha ezincinci esifubeni nasemalungeni. |
| I-X-reyi yesifuba | I-X-ray yesifuba inokubonisa ukuba intliziyo ikhulu okanye imiphunga izaliswe lulwelo. |
| Ukucoca Intliziyo | Ityhubhu encinci kakhulu idluliselwa ngemithambo engalweni okanye emlenzeni iye entliziyweni, kufakwe into ekhethekileyo, kwaye umsebenzi wemithambo yentliziyo kunye neevalvu zentliziyo uhlolwa kusetyenziswa ividiyo ye-X-ray. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-angiogram. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo sevalvu onaso, ubukhali baso, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
1. Amayeza
Amayeza awakwazi ukubuyisa umonakalo weevalvu. Nangona kunjalo, anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo entliziyweni, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika amayeza okulawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (i-arrhythmias).
2. Utyando
Ukuba iimpawu zinzima okanye intliziyo yonakele, utyando lunokufuneka. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili.
- Ukulungiswa kweValve:Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, ukhetho lokuqala loogqirha kukulungisa nokwakha ivalvu yakho kuba inciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo, isusa isidingo semithi yokunciphisa igazi ubomi bonke, kwaye igcina ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukutshintshwa kweValve: Ukuba ivalve yonakele kangangokuba ayilungiseki, iyasuswa kuze kufakwe ivalve entsha. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi valve zintsha:
- Iivalvu zoomatshini: Ezi zihlala zihleli, kodwa xa zifakiwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke.
- Iivalvu zebhayoloji/zezicubu: Ezi zenziwe ngezicubu zentliziyo zesilwanyana (zehagu okanye zenkomo). Azidingi zixhobo zokunciphisa igazi ixesha elide, kodwa zinokonakala emva kweminyaka eli-10-15, zifune utyando oluphindaphindwayo.
Kule mihla, olu tyando lunokwenziwa ngotyando oluncinci (utyando olungenasithintelo kangako) ngaphandle kokususa ibele ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uphila nesifo sevalvu
Ukuba nesifo sevalvu kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukhathalele impilo yakho ngakumbi.
- Bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo: Nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu, yiya kuhlolwa njengoko kucwangcisiwe ngugqirha wakho. Kubalulekile ukujonga imeko yevalvu ukuze ubone naluphi na utshintsho.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Umngcipheko wakho omkhulu kusulelo lwentliziyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-infective endocarditis . Thintela oku ngokuthi:
- Lumka kakuhle amazinyo akho kunye nempilo yeentsini. Hlamba amazinyo akho kakuhle yonke imihla.
- Xelela ugqirha wakho wamazinyo kunye naye nawuphi na omnye ugqirha ukuba unesifo sentliziyo.
- Buza ugqirha wakho wentliziyo ukuba kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokukhupha izinyo okanye olunye utyando oluncinci.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Kuphephe ukutshaya, yitya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye wenze umthambo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba iimpawu zakho (umkhuhlane, iintlungu zesifuba, ukudumba kwemilenze) ziyanda okanye zivela rhoqo, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyenzeka, ingakumbi emva kotyando lwevalvu, yiya kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuphefumla okungapheliyo okungapheliyo nokuba uphumle.
- Isantya sentliziyo sinyuka ngaphezu kwe-150 beats ngomzuzu.
- Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda.
- Ukukhohlela igazi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa, ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga, kunye nentlungu yesifuba njengesiqhelo. Zisenokuba luphawu lwesifo se-valvular.
- Isifo sevalvu yentliziyo sisifo esinokunyangwa ngempumelelo kule mihla. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika.
- Yiya rhoqo uyokuhlolwa kwaye uvavanywe njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Leyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela intliziyo yakho.
- Utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukuyeka ukutshaya) lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwimpilo yentliziyo yakho.
- Ukuba unesifo se-valvular, xelela bonke oogqirha bakho ngaso, kuquka nogqirha wamazinyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela usulelo.
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