Ngamanye amaxesha ilizwi lethu liyarhawuzelela kancinci, okanye livakale linzima, akunjalo? Lifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kwaye liyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kodwa ngaba olu tshintsho kwilizwi lakho aluzange lunciphe emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu? Ukuba unesifo somqala kwaye kunzima ukuginya, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukulityeshela. Namhlanje sithetha ngento eqala ngezi mpawu kwaye ekufuneka uyilumkele kancinci - oko kukuthi umhlaza we-laryngeal, okanye ngokwezonyango, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- Laryngeal Cancer .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza we-laryngeal?
Ingxolo lilungu elincinci kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu emqaleni wethu. Likwindawo engaphambili entanyeni yethu, ngaphezulu kombhobho womoya. Liyinxalenye yombhobho womoya esikhusela ekuginyeni ukutya, ekuthetheni, nakwingxolo yomoya. Likwaqulathe neentambo zelizwi ezenza ilizwi lethu.
Ngoko ke yintoni umhlaza? Kulapho iiseli emzimbeni wethu zahlukana khona kwaye zanda ngokungalawulekiyo, zenze ithumba. Xa oku kusenzeka kwingqula, sibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza wengqula. Ezi seli zinobungozi zihlasela kancinci kancinci kwaye zonakalise izicubu eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.
Ingxolo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu aphambili. Umhlaza ungaqala nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo:
- I-Supraglottis: Inxalenye ephezulu yengqula. Malunga ne-35% yomhlaza iqala apha.
- UGlottis: Inxalenye ephakathi. Iintambo zethu zelizwi zilapha. Uninzi, malunga nama-60%, lwemihlaza luqala apha.
- I-Subglottis: Eyona ndawo isezantsi ye-larynx. Malunga ne-5% yomhlaza iqala apha.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-laryngeal? Zilumkele ezi!
Iimpawu zokuqala zalo mhlaza zinokubhidaniswa lula nosulelo oluqhelekileyo lomphimbo okanye umkhuhlane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unesithonga okanye utshintshile ilizwi lakho kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini , ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha, ngaphandle kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Masizihlukanise ngokucacileyo ezi mpawu kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezinokubonakala kuqala | |
| Utshintsho kwilizwi | Ukurhawuzelela, ukuziva unzima, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha, ingakumbi ukuba kuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini . |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo | Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okungaphenduliyo kumayeza aqhelekileyo. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia) | Intlungu okanye ukuziva ukrwitshwa xa uginya ukutya okanye isiselo. |
| Iqhuma entanyeni okanye emqaleni | Ukuziva iqhuma okanye ukudumba entanyeni okunokubanjwa esandleni. |
| Intlungu yendlebe | Intlungu esuka emqaleni iye endlebeni. |
| Iimpawu ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo | |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, uzive ngathi uyafuthaniseka. |
| Isandi somlozi xa uphefumla (iStridor) | Ukuva isandi esiphezulu xa uphefumla. |
| Ukuziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni (i-Globus sensation) | Ukuziva into ibambeke emqaleni rhoqo. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi (iHemoptysis) | I-phlegm enegazi kunye nokukhwehlela. |
Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zinzima, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa . Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungaya nakwiCandelo loNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza uvela? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela ukuba lo mhlaza ube yingozi. Kukutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu . Umngcipheko womntu ozenza zombini ezi zinto kunye uphezulu kakhulu kunomntu ozenza enye kuphela. Ngoko ke, umntu onazo zombini ezi zinto unethuba elikhulu lokufumana umhlaza we-laryngeal.
Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi:
- Usulelo lwe-HPV: Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV (Human Papillomavirus), usulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo, zinokubangela nomhlaza womqala.
- Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
- Isini: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufumana lo mhlaza kunabasetyhini. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa kwecuba notywala phakathi kwamadoda.
- Imbali yangaphambili yomhlaza: Umntu owayekhe waba nomhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo unethuba elimalunga nama-25% lokufumana umhlaza kwakhona kule ndawo.
- Umsebenzi: Abantu abachaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nomsi we-sulfuric acid, uthuli lomthi, i-nickel, kunye ne-asbestos emsebenzini basengozini enkulu.
Ugqirha uwuxilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo umhlaza?
Xa ubona ugqirha oneempawu ozikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, uza kuqala akubuze umbuzo oneenkcukacha malunga neempawu zakho aze ahlole umphimbo nentamo yakho. Emva koko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe.
- Ii-Impression Scans: Njengokuthatha umfanekiso ocacileyo wangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan ingabonisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo yomhlaza. I-X-ray yesifuba inokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na emiphungeni.
- I-Laryngoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) enekhamera enamathele empumlweni okanye emlonyeni wakho aze ahlolisise ngononophelo i-larynx yakho kunye nendawo engqongileyo.
- I-PET Scan: Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-scan. Olu scan lwenziwa ngokufaka into ekhuselekileyo ene-radioactive emthanjeni eyenza iindawo zomzimba ezineeseli zomhlaza 'zikhanye'.
- I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolucacileyo lokuxilongwa.Ngexesha le-laryngoscopy, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kunokubona ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Nje ukuba uxilongo luqinisekiswe, ugqirha wakho uya kumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekwe kwinqanaba, ubungakanani, ukusasazeka komhlaza, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Oku kunokubandakanya unyango olunye okanye indibaniselwano.
| Indlela yonyango | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Unyango lweMisebe | Imisebe yemitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ijoliswe kwithumba kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. |
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Ukunika amayeza anamandla abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ayeke ukukhula kwazo ngemithambo (nge-saline) okanye ngendlela yeepilisi. |
| Utyando | Ukususwa kwethumba elinomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-larynx inokugcinwa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-larynx yonke inokufuneka isuswe (i-Total Laryngectomy). |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Amayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele kuphela iiproteni ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza, ngelixa enciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli ezisempilweni. |
| Unyango lwe-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukubona kwaye ilwe neeseli zomhlaza. |
Ndingathetha emva kotyando?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ixhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando.
- Kwisigaba sokuqala somhlaza: Emva kotyando lokususa kuphela ithumba okanye inxalenye encinci yengqula (umz., i-cordectomy, i-partial laryngectomy), unokukwazi ukuthetha. Ilizwi lakho lisenokutshintsha kancinci, kodwa oku kunokubuyiselwa ngoncedo lwengcali yokuthetha.
- Xa kukho umhlaza onzima: Kwezinye iimeko, i-larynx yonke inokufuneka isuswe (i-Total Laryngectomy). Oku kuya kwenza kube nzima ukuthetha njengangaphambili. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngoku kukho iindlela ezintsha zokufunda ukuthetha (umz. iivalvu ezikhethekileyo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki).
Ubomi bunjani emva konyango?
Emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe ngempumelelo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhubeka ekujonga (ukulandelela) ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyachacha kakuhle. Ngeli xesha,
- Ukunika amayeza okulawula iintlungu.
- Ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokusombulula iingxaki zokuginya.
- Ukunika iingcebiso malunga nokutya okunesondlo okukufaneleyo.
- Iingcali ziya kuthunyelwa kwi-Speech Therapy okanye kwi-Physiotherapy ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya nokusela utywala emva konyango. Abantu abaqhubeka nokutshaya basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza kwakhona. Xa uyeka le mikhwa, loo mngcipheko uyancipha kakhulu.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokusinda kulo mhlaza?
Nangona ingeyiyo yonke imihlaza enokuthintelwa, singakwazi ukulawula izinto eziphambili ezibangela umhlaza we-laryngeal.
- Yeka ukutshaya neemveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo. Eli lelona nyathelo libalaseleyo nelibalulekileyo onokulithatha.
- Nciphisa utywala bakho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunesondlo. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwimifuno neziqhamo kunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko womhlaza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba unelizwi elirhabaxa okanye utshintsho kwilizwi lakho kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini , musa ukulibetha ngoyaba. Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza we-laryngeal kukutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu . Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kukuphepha le mikhwa.
- Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, umhlaza we-laryngeal unethuba eliphezulu lokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Ungagcina nokukwazi kwakho ukuthetha.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga naziphi na iimpawu, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luya kuphumelela.
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