Konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga neLassa Fever! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle koloyiko!

Umele ukuba uvile ngezifo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nobhubhane osasazeka kumazwe angaphandle. Ezinye zazo zikwenza uzive woyika kancinci, akunjalo? Kaloku, le "Lassa Fever" yintsholongwane exelwayo, ingakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika. Ngethamsanqa kuthi, akukho ngxelo yobhubhane onjalo phakathi kwethu eSri Lanka. Kodwa ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo kufuneka aye kwiindawo ezinjalo, olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo. Ngoko ke, ngaba singathetha ngakumbi ngale Lassa Fever?

Yintoni iLassa Fever?

Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane weLassa sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Ubonakala kakhulu kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika. Umkhuhlane weLassa ungoweqela leentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-``Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF)`` . Oku kuthetha ukuba xa usulelwe lolu hlobo lwentsholongwane, kukho ithuba lokuba umzimba ungopha igazi ngendlela engalawulekiyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana umkhuhlane weLassa oya kuba nokopha kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu (malunga nama-80 kwabali-100) luya kuba neempawu ezincinci ezifana nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-20% abantu, kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinkulu, ingakumbi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Esi sifo sisasazeka kakhulu ngendle ('indle nomchamo') yeempuku ezineentsholongwane. Sinokudluliselwa nangokudibana nolwelo lomzimba lomntu oneentsholongwane.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Lassa fever?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kuyabonakala eNtshona Afrika. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kwekhulu lamawaka (100,000) kunye namakhulu amathathu amawaka (300,000) abantu kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika bafumana umkhuhlane weLassa minyaka le. Akukho ngxelo yokuba esi sifo sisasazeka kumazwe afana neMelika okanye kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokuba abantu kwilizwe lethu boyike kakhulu le nto, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane weLassa?

Malunga nama-80% abantu abafumana umkhuhlane weLassa bafumana iimpawu ezibuthathaka nezingenabungozi, kuquka:

• Ifiva
• Ukudinwa
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, malunga nama-20% abantu banokuba neempawu ezinzulu. Ezi zinzima kancinci:

• Intlungu yesifuba, yentamo, okanye yesisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu okanye urhudo
• Ukopha emlonyeni, empumlweni, emehlweni, okanye kwezinye iimbumba ze-mucous
• Ukuxhuzula ( ukulingana )
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo

Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane weLassa?

Unobangela wesi sifo yintsholongwane iLassa (LASV) . Le ntsholongwane ithwalwa kakhulu luhlobo oluthile lwempuku ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Mastomys' (abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'multimammate rats') ehlala kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika.Le ntsholongwane yeLassa ingonakalisa imithambo yegazi yakho. Inganciphisa nokukwazi kwegazi lakho ukujiya. Yiyo loo nto uqala ukopha ngokungalawulekiyo.

I-Lassa fever idluliselwa njani?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokufumana umkhuhlane weLassa:

1. Ngokudibana nendle okanye umchamo weempuku ezineentsholongwane. Oku kunokungcolisa ukutya, amanzi, okanye iindawo esizichukumisayo.

2. Ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba lomntu osuleleke yintsholongwane ye-LASV. Oku kuquka ukudibana ngesondo, kunye nokudibana nendle yakhe, umchamo, okanye igazi.

Khawucinge nje, xa umntu okanye isilwanyana sosulelwe yile ntsholongwane, inokuhlala emchameni wabo ixesha elide.

Ngaphezu koko, esi sifo sinokusasazeka nakwizibonelelo zempilo ezifana nezibhedlele ukuba iindlela zococeko azilandelwa ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (i-PPE) azisetyenziswa (okanye azifumaneki).

Ngubani osengozini yokufumana umkhuhlane weLassa?

Ukuba uhlala okanye uhamba uye kwiindawo zaseNtshona Afrika apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo khona, usengozini yokufumana umkhuhlane weLassa. Amanye ala mazwe aquka:

• Nayijeriya
• Bhenin
• Gini
• Layibheriya
• Mali
• Sira Liyoni

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yomkhuhlane weLassa?

Nokuba kwiimeko ezincinci zeLassa fever, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu unokufumana ukulahleka kokuva okuncinci okanye okupheleleyo . Oku kunokuba kokwexeshana okanye okusisigxina.

Abantu abanomkhuhlane weLassa onzima banokufumana iingxaki ezisongela ubomi, kuquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa/Ukuphuphuma Kwesisu : Ukuba umama okhulelweyo wosulelwe yintsholongwane yeLassa, ngaphezulu kwe-75% yokukhulelwa kuphelisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
• Ukudumba kwenwebu ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Ukuphuma kwePleural
• Iintsholongwane kunye nokudumba kwamalungu omzimba anjengesibindi (iHepatitis)
• Inani eliphantsi leeplatelet egazini (i-Thrombocytopenia): Oku kunokubangela ukopha okungalawulekiyo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngequbuliso (Ukulimala kwezintso okukhawulezileyo)
• Iingxaki zokusebenza kwengqondo (i-Encephalopathy)
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba ungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• Iingxaki ezinkulu zokunqanda igazi `(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/DIC)`
• I-Sepsis: Ukusabela okuqatha komzimba kwisifo.

Oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngale nto, kuba ukuba banesifo seLassa fever, amathuba okuba umntwana osesiswini asinde aphantsi kakhulu.

Ifunyanwa njani iLassa fever?

Ugqirha uxilonga umkhuhlane weLassa ngokuhlola iisampulu zolwelo lomzimba wakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho na iimpawu zentsholongwane. Ukuze bathathe ezi sampuli baze benze uvavanyo, banokwenza izinto ezinje:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ukuthatha i-swab yomphimbo
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokuthatha ulwelo oluncinci oluvela kumqolo (Lumbar Puncture / Spinal Tap)

Umkhuhlane weLassa unokuba nzima ukuwufumanisa kuba iimpawu zawo ziyafana nezezinye izifo, ezifana nemalariya, idengue, kunye ne-Ebola. Ke ngoko, ukuba uye waya kwindawo apho umkhuhlane weLassa uxhaphake khona, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomkhuhlane weLassa?

Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo, kuquka oogqirha kunye nabongikazi, badla ngokunyanga umkhuhlane weLassa ngeyeza elilwa neentsholongwane elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ribavirin) `. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho angakunika nolunye unyango, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Umzekelo:

• Unyango lwe-Dialysis ukuba izintso zonakele
• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo xa ukuphefumla kunzima
• Ukunika i-saline (IV fluids), amayeza, okanye izongezo zokulungisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte emzimbeni

Intsholongwane yeLassa kunye nokukhulelwa

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka banikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunzima ukuba umntwana osesiswini asinde kwisifo seLassa fever. Ugqirha wakho uya kuhlala ekujonga ukuba akukho nanye imiqondiso yokuphuphuma kwesisu. Ukuba kuphuphuma isisu, izicubu zomntwana ongekazalwa kufuneka zisuswe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kwandisa amathuba okuba imeko kamama iphucuke.

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ixesha lokukhulelwa lingakanani kunye nempilo kamama nomntwana, oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba umntwana azalwe kwangethuba. Oku kunokwandisa amathuba okusinda kumama nomntwana.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana umkhuhlane weLassa?

Ukuba uneLassa fever, ababoneleli bakho bezempilo kunye nabanye abakukhathalelayo kuya kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo akhethekileyo okhuseleko. Oku kuquka ukunxiba iimpahla zokuzikhusela (ezifana neemaski, iiglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, kunye nee-apron) kunye nokuzihlukanisa nabanye abantu .

Ukuba ukhulelwe, kufuneka uqale unyango ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ngoko nangoko. Abasebenzi bezempilo baya kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento omawuyilindele kunye neendlela zonyango ezilungele impilo yakho kunye nokukhulelwa kwakho.

Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphila?

Uninzi lweemeko zomkhuhlane weLassa azikho nzima. Ukuchacha kungathatha iveki okanye ngaphezulu. Malunga nesiqingatha sabo baphulukana nokuva kwabo baphinda bave kwakhona kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?

Nokuba uneempawu ezincinci, kufuneka ukuphephe ukudibana nabanye abantu ngexesha onokuthi usasaze esi sifo kwabanye. Buza ugqirha ukuba kukhuselekile nini ukuba phakathi kwabanye abantu kwakhona.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwiLassa fever?

Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu alufumani umkhuhlane weLassa ngendlela eqatha, izinga lokusinda lilungile. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokufa lixhomekeke ekubeni ugule kangakanani na kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

• Izinga lokufa kuzo zonke iimeko (eziqhelekileyo nezinzima) limalunga ne-1%. (Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-100 abafumana umkhuhlane weLassa uya kufa).
• Izinga lokufa kwabo banzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba bafune ukulaliswa esibhedlele limalunga ne-15%. Oku kunokuba phezulu kakhulu ngexesha loqhambuko.
• Izinga lokufa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo limalunga ne-33% (oko kukuthi, umntu omnye kwabathathu).

Ngaba umkhuhlane weLassa ungathintelwa?

Ewe, unako. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana umkhuhlane weLassa ngokugcina indawo okuyo ingenazo iimpuku nangokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa unyamekela umntu ogulayo. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Kuphephe ukudibana neempuku, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho umkhuhlane weLassa uxhaphake khona.
• Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala icocekile kwaye icocekile. Gcina ukutya neziselo zigqunyiwe. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani lezilwanyana ezifana neempuku ezingenayo.
• Xa unyamekela umntu onomkhuhlane weLassa okanye umntu ocinga ukuba unesifo , nxiba izinto zokuzikhusela. Oku kuquka imaski, iiglavu, ilokhwe, iiglasi ezingenamngxuma, kunye neebhutsi. Buza ugqirha (okanye umbutho wakho ukuba ukwinkonzo yezempilo) ukuba zeziphi izilumkiso ekufuneka uzithathe.
• Ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane yeLassa, kufuneka uzihlukanise nabanye abantu ukuze ungasasazeki kuyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uhlala kwilizwe laseNtshona Afrika, okanye usandul’ ukuya kwelinye, kwaye uneempawu zomkhuhlane weLassa, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, ugqirha kufuneka akunyange aze akujonge ngokusondeleyo.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, baxelele ukuba usenokuba nomkhuhlane weLassa:

• Intlungu yesifuba, yentamo, okanye yesisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu okanye urhudo
• Ukuxhuzula kufana nokubetha.
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Usenokufumanisa kuluncedo ukubuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ungayithintela njani intsholongwane ukuba ingasasazeki?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingazinyamekela njani?
• Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphila?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu ekufuneka ndiziqaphele?

I-Lassa fever sisifo esinokuchaphazela abantu abahlala okanye abahambahambayo kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika. Ngokuqhelekileyo asiyonto imbi kangako. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ingakumbi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuphepha iindawo apho kukho iimpuku kwaye unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) xa unyamekela umntu onomkhuhlane weLassa. Ukuba uhambela ilizwe apho umkhuhlane weLassa uxhaphake khona, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha okanye igosa lezempilo yoluntu malunga neenkxalabo zakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoku unombono olungileyo ngeLassa Fever esithethe ngayo. Akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo, kuba esi ayisosifo sisasazekayo kwilizwe lethu. Kodwa, kusoloko kulungile ukuba uqaphele.

• I-Lassa fever yintsholongwane exhaphakileyo eNtshona Afrika.
• Idluliselwa ikakhulu ngendle yeempuku ezineentsholongwane. Ingadluliselwa nangolwelo lomzimba lomntu oneentsholongwane.
• Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omncinci kunye neentlungu zomzimba, kodwa inani elincinci linokuba yingozi ngakumbi.
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo basengozini enkulu. Ukuphuma kwezisu kunokwenzeka.
• Unyango oluphambili liyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-`Ribavirin`.
• Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela oku kukulawula iimpuku nokugcina ucoceko. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) xa ukufutshane nomntu osulelekileyo.
• Ukuba ukhe waya eNtshona Afrika kwaye uneempawu ezifana nezomkhuhlane, xelela ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke, sinethemba lokuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Umkhuhlane weLassa , umkhuhlane weLassa, umkhuhlane wentsholongwane, umkhuhlane wegazi, izifo ezithwalwa ziimpuku, umkhuhlane waseAfrika, iimpawu