Uninzi lwethu lukhe lwabona umntu okwigumbi lokunyamekela abagula kakhulu (ICU) esibhedlele, eqhagamshelwe kwiimashini ezahlukeneyo, ephefumla ngeetyhubhu, kwaye esondla ngezinye iityhubhu. Xa sibona ezi zinto, siziva sisoyika kwaye sixhalabile. Sidla ngokubhekisa kule meko 'njengenkxaso yobomi'. Xa sisiva eli gama, sicinga kwangoko ngemeko embi kakhulu, enzulu. Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye le 'nkxaso yobomi'? Kwenzeka ntoni ngayo? Kutheni isetyenziswa? Namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangokufudumeleyo ngale ngongoma ibuthathaka abantu abaninzi abanemibuzo ngayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isiseko sobomi?
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengomatshini ontsonkothileyo oneenxalenye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisanayo. Imiphunga yethu iyaphefumla, intliziyo yethu ipompa igazi, kwaye izintso zethu ziyalicoca. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zitho ziyeka ukusebenza kakuhle, njengakwisifo esibi okanye ingozi? Inkqubo yomzimba wonke inokonakala.
Inkxaso yobomi kukusebenzisa isixhobo sangaphandle, umatshini, okanye inkqubo yezonyango ukugcina umsebenzi womzimba oyekile ukusebenza. Ngamafutshane, yindlela 'yokunceda' umzimba ukuba wenze into ongenakukwazi ukuyenza wedwa. Oku kufana nokunika imoto 'isiqalo' ukusuka kwenye ibhetri xa ibhetri ifile. Oku kunceda umzimba ukuba ubuyele esimeni esisiso kwaye ubuyele esimeni esisiso.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba inkxaso-mpilo ayisiyo 'yeza' eliphilisa isifo. Yinkqubo 'yokuxhasa' egcina imisebenzi yomzimba ngokungekho mthethweni.
Oku kudla ngokuba yinto yexeshana. Umzekelo, ukuba imiphunga ayikwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle ngenxa ye-pneumonia enzima, i-ventilator ingasetyenziswa iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngeli xesha, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunceda imiphunga ukuba ibuyele esiqhelweni kwaye imiphunga iya kuqala ukusebenza yodwa kwakhona. I-ventilator iya kususwa emva koko.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, umzimba usenokungakwazi ukusebenza wodwa kwakhona. Emva koko kufuneka uthembele kwinkxaso yobomi ixesha elide. Ukwenza izigqibo ngale nto yeyona nto ibuthathaka nenzima.
Ngawaphi amaxesha apho inkxaso yobomi iqala ize iyekwe khona?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Ezi zigqibo zenziwa njani? Ngubani onegunya lokuzenza?
Ukuqalisa inkxaso yobomi
Oogqirha baqala unyango lokuxhasa ubomi kuphela xa befumanisa ukuba luyimfuneko emzimbeni wesigulana. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ubomi besigulana bunokonakala ukuba olo ncedo alunikwa ngelo xesha.
Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso yobomi ayizukuqaliswa kwiimeko ezifana nezi:
- Ukuba isigulane siyalile:Abanye abantu banokuba nomyalelo kwangaphambili apho baxelelwa kwangaphambili ukuba abayi kufumana unyango oluthile ukuba baphelelwa zingqondo. Nangona oku kungaqhelekanga kwilizwe lethu, oogqirha bayakuhlonipha ukuba isigulana senze loo mazwi ngelixa sisezingqondweni.
- Ukuba usapho luyala egameni lesigulana: Ukuba isigulana sikwimeko embi kakhulu apho singenakwenza sigqibo, izalamane zaso ezisondeleyo zingasenza eso sigqibo.
- Ukuba akukho ncedo lwezonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba isigulana sigulela ukufa, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobomi kunokwenza ukuba inkqubo yokufa ibe mfutshane kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba oku kubangela intlungu nokubandezeleka okungakumbi kwesigulana, kwaye kungekho themba lokuchacha, oogqirha kunye nosapho banokugqiba ekubeni bangasinyangi isigulana.
Ukuyeka inkxaso yobomi
Esi sesona sigqibo sinzima nesinobuzaza kuye nabani na. Umntu unokuhlala exhomekeke kwinkxaso yobomi kangangeeveki, kwaneenyanga. Oogqirha bahlala bejonga imeko yesigulana baze bachazele usapho ukuba kukho ithemba lokuchacha na.
Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba usenokungapholi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba ubuyele kwinqanaba apho unokuphila ubomi obunentsingiselo ethile (umzekelo, ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngelixa usebenzisa i-dialysis), oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kuqhubeke unyango.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho ingqondo yonakele kakhulu kwaye kungekho thuba lokubuyela engqondweni (ukufa kwengqondo), oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba akukho sizathu sokuqhubeka nokugcina umzimba uphila ngoomatshini.
Ukwenza isigqibo sokuyeka unyango ngexesha elinje yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Ngokomthetho nangokwasemthethweni, akuphosakele ukuyeka unyango olungancedi nganto kwisigulana kwaye luqhubeke ixesha elide nokubandezeleka kwaso.
Khumbula oku: Xa inkxaso-mali yobomi irhoxiswa, asikokuphela konyango okubangela ukufa. Yimeko engaphantsi kwesigulana, enganyangekiyo ebangela ukufa. Ukususa inkxaso kuvumela nje into emele yenzeke ngokwendalo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zenkxaso yobomi?
Xa sicinga 'ngenkxaso-bomi', sihlala sicinga ngomatshini osinceda siphefumle, kodwa ubanzi kakhulu kunoko. Nantoni na enceda inkqubo emzimbeni ingaphandle ingaba yinkxaso-bomi. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
| Indlela yeNkxaso | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Umoya woomatshini | Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-ventilator. Xa imiphunga ingasebenzi kakuhle, lo matshini umpompa umoya ungena uphume emiphungeni. Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu ngomlomo okanye empumlweni kwi-windpipe (intubation). Isetyenziswa okwethutyana emva kotyando olukhulu okanye kwiimeko zosulelo olukhulu lwemiphunga. |
| I-ECMO (i-Oxygenation ye-Extracorporeal Membrane) | Le yindlela ephucukileyo kune-ventilator. Ibandakanya ukukhupha igazi lesigulana emzimbeni, kusetyenziswa umatshini wokongeza ioksijini kulo, ukususa i-carbon dioxide, nokulibuyisela emzimbeni. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu apho imiphunga kunye nentliziyo ziye zasilela. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary (CPR) | I-CPR yinkqubo yokuzama ukuqala kwakhona intliziyo yomntu nokuphefumla xa eyeke. Ibandakanya ukucinezelwa kwesifuba, ukususwa kwefibrillation, kunye namayeza. Kwimeko yokuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso okanye ukurhaxwa, ukunika i-CPR ngokukhawuleza kunokusindisa ubomi. |
| Isondlo sokwenziwa kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi | Ukondla izigulane ezingakwaziyo ukutya okanye ukusela ngomlomo ngetyhubhu. Le tyhubhu inokunikezelwa ngempumlo iye esiswini (ityhubhu yokondla) okanye ngamanye amaxesha ingene ngqo emthanjeni (TPN - Total Parenteral Nutrition). Oku kubalulekile ukugcina ubomi de umzimba uphile. |
| I-Dialysis yezintso | Xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, azikwazi ukususa iityhefu kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni. Umatshini we-dialysis ususa igazi, ulicoce, uze ulibuyisele emzimbeni. Usebenza endaweni yezintso. Awunyangi isifo sezintso, kodwa unceda ukugcina ubomi. |
Zithini i-BLS kunye ne-ALS?
Mhlawumbi ukhe waweva la magama mabini. Akwanxulumene nesixhobo sokuxhasa ubomi.
Inkxaso yoBomi eSisiseko (BLS)
Ezi ziindlela ezisisiseko zokusindisa ubomi ezinokuthi nabani na aqeqeshwe ukuzenza xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Umzekelo:
- Ukwenza i-CPR xa umntu enesifo sentliziyo aze awe engaqondi.
- Ukunceda umntu onento ebambeke emqaleni.
Nabani na angaqeqeshwa kwezi zinto. Kukho amaxesha apho olu lwazi lunokusindisa ubomi.
Inkxaso yoBomi obuPhambili (i-ALS)
Eli linyathelo elinyukayo ukusuka kwi-BLS. Lenziwa kuphela ziingcali zempilo eziqeqeshwe kakhulu, njengoogqirha kunye nabongikazi. Ukongeza kwizinto ezifana ne-CPR,
- Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu ukunceda ekuphefumleni
- Ukunika amayeza akhethekileyo okubuyisela ukusebenza kwentliziyo
- Unyango ngokujonga isingqisho sentliziyo
Izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ziyakwenziwa. Le ndlela yonyango lweentsana nabantwana abancinci ibizwa ngokuba yiPediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) .
Ukuqukumbela, akukho mfuneko yokoyika inkxaso-mali yobomi. Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, yinto enceda ekusindiseni ubomi obuninzi. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha inokwandisa inkqubo yokufa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho okanye yomntu omthandayo, unyango olunikezelwayo, kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Isigqibo ngasinye kufuneka senziwe ngokuqonda okupheleleyo nangemvume yosapho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkxaso yobomi ayilonyango lwesifo, kodwa yinkqubo yenkxaso enceda okwethutyana inkqubo engasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni.
- Oku kunika umzimba ixesha olidingayo lokuphiliswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi.
- Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho kungekho themba lokuchacha, oku kunokwenza inkqubo yokufa ibe mfutshane ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Izigqibo malunga nokuqalisa, ukuqhubeka, okanye ukuyeka inkxaso yobomi zizinto zobuqu kakhulu kwaye zinobuzaza.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo malunga nemeko yakho okanye yomntu omthandayo, thetha nogqirha wakho kakuhle uze ufumane ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngezinto ezilungileyo, iingxaki kunye neendlela onokukhetha kuzo.
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