Ngaba imiphunga yakho yonakele kakhulu kangangokuba ayisakwazi ukulawulwa ngamayeza okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango? Ugqirha wakho usenokuba uthethile "ngokufakelwa imiphunga." Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala kwaye uzive uxhalabile xa usiva ngotyando olukhulu kangaka. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masifike ezantsi. Yintoni ukufakelwa imiphunga? Kubandakanya ntoni? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula.
Kalula nje, yintoni ukufakelwa imiphunga?
Ukufakelwa imiphunga yinkqubo yotyando apho omnye okanye yomibini imiphunga yakho enesifo okanye eyonakeleyo isuswa ize ithathelwe indawo yimiphunga okanye imiphunga ephilileyo evela kumntu onikelayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, le miphunga inikelwayo ivela kumntu oswelekileyo.
Olu tyando lwenziwa kuphela kumntu onesifo esibi semiphunga esingenakunyangwa nangaliphi na elinye iyeza okanye unyango. Oko kukuthi, oogqirha bacebisa olu tyando njengenyathelo lokugqibela.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokufakelwa imiphunga?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokufakelwa imiphunga. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lokufakelwa kwesinye isitho | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa imiphunga kube kanye | Omnye wemiphunga yakho emibini enesifo uza kususwa uze uthatyathelwe indawo ngumphunga ophilileyo onikelweyo. |
| Ukufakelwa imiphunga kabini | Zombini iimphunga zakho ezinesifo ziya kususwa kwaye zithatyathelwe indawo ziimpunga ezimbini eziphilileyo ezinikelweyo. |
| Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo nemiphunga | Kule meko, intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga ziyasuswa kwaye intliziyo kunye nemiphunga ephilileyo enikelweyo iyatyalwa. Oku kwenziwa kwiimeko ezinzima ezichaphazela intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. |
Ngubani ofanelekileyo kolu tyando?
Ekubeni olu lutyando olunzima kakhulu, ayinguye wonke umntu onokukwenza. Oogqirha baqwalasela izinto ezininzi xa bekhetha umntu oza kulutyanda. Ngokubanzi, ukuze ufanelekele olu tyando, kufuneka uhlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:
- Kufuneka ukuba unesifo esibi kakhulu esibangela ukuba imiphunga yakho ingasebenzi kakuhle.
- Imeko yakho kufuneka inyangwe ngamayeza okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Ukuba awukwenzi olu tyando, oogqirha bamele ukuba bagqibe kwelokuba unexesha elingaphantsi konyaka okanye emithathu lokuphila.
- Awunakuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.
- Kufuneka ube ngumntu ongazisebenzisiyo iimveliso zecuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, njl.njl.).
- Kufuneka ube nakho ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba oza kufuneka uwasebenzise ubomi bakho bonke emva kotyando.
Kutheni kufuneka ukufakelwa imiphunga? Zeziphi iintlobo zeengxaki zempilo ezinokunyangwa yiyo?
Kucetyiswa ukufakelwa imiphunga kwizifo ezinzima zemiphunga ezinganyangekiyo ngolunye unyango. Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela oku.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Bronchiectasis | Iindlela zomoya ezivulwe ngokusisigxina nezimonakalisekileyo emiphungeni. |
| Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu (i-COPD) | Iqela lezifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga ezenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. |
| Umonakalo omkhulu obangelwe yi-COVID-19 | Ukosuleleka yi-COVID-19 kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakuphikiswa kwimiphunga. |
| I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Isifo esibangelwa lufuzo esibangela ukuba i-mucus yomzimba (phlegm) ibe nkulu kwaye inamathele. Oku kungayichaphazela kakhulu imiphunga. |
| Isifo seMiphunga sangaphakathi (ILD) | Isifo apho izicubu zemiphunga ziba namanxeba kwaye imiphunga iba lukhuni. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga | Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando? (Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokufakelwa isitho sangasese)
Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe isigqibo sokuba ungumntu oza kufakelwa imiphunga, uza kuphononongwa ngothotho lweemvavanyo . Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'kukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokufakelwa imiphunga.' Eli linyathelo lokuqala. Umququzeleli wokufakelwa imiphunga oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa uza kuqokelela lonke ulwazi lwakho lwezonyango.
Zijonge ntoni ezi mvavanyo?
Kukho uvavanyo oluninzi. Ngalunye lujonga ukuba umzimba wakho unako na ukumelana notyando olukhulu kangaka kwaye nokuba ungasinda na kolu tyando.
| Uvavanyo oluphambili olwenziwe ngaphambi kotyando | |
|---|---|
| Impilo yomzimba | Impilo yakho iyonke, imbali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Ukujonga uhlobo lwegazi, ukusebenza kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kunye nemeko yosulelo. |
| Uhlobo lweTishu | Ukujonga ukuba izicubu zomzimba wakho ziyahambelana na nezicubu zomnikeli. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu , ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umzimba ungawufuni umphunga omtsha. |
| Uvavanyo lwemiphunga | Izinto ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba, ii-CT scans, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwamaphaphu. |
| Uvavanyo lwesifo sentliziyo | Uvavanyo olufana ne-ECG, i-Echocardiogram, kunye ne-Cardiac Catheterization lujonga impilo yentliziyo. |
| Ezinye iimvavanyo | Benza nezinto ezifana novavanyo loxinano lwamathambo (i-DEXA scan), i-colonoscopy, uvavanyo lwe-Pap smear kunye ne-mammogram kubafazi, kunye novavanyo lwe-prostate kumadoda. |
Emva kwazo zonke ezi mvavanyo, iqela lezonyango lokufakelwa utyando liza kudibana, lihlalutye zonke iirekhodi zakho, kwaye lenze isigqibo sokugqibela sokuba olu tyando lufanelekile na kuwe okanye alufanelekanga.
Ukuba uqinisekisiwe ukuba uyafaneleka, igama lakho liya kufakwa kuluhlu lokulinda lwesizwe lwabantu abafakelwa imiphunga . Kuya kufuneka ulinde ukuba kubekho umphunga ofanayo.
Khumbula, ixesha kolu luhlu lokulinda linokwahluka ukusuka kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ufumana na umntu onikelayo onohlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo kunye nobukhulu bemiphunga.
Yintoni omele uyenze xa ukuluhlu lokulinda?
Eli xesha libaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka ube sempilweni entle kangangoko unako xa utyando. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukwenzela isicwangciso esikhethekileyo.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Kufuneka uyeke ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka ugcine ubunzima bakho busempilweni. Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, kufuneka wehlise ubunzima.
- Amayeza: Sela onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha. Ukuba omnye ugqirha ukunika amayeza amatsha, kufuneka wazise umququzeleli wokufakelwa kwesisu ngawo. Kufuneka umxelele nangazo naziphi na iivithamini okanye amayeza esintu owasebenzisayo.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ingcali yezonyango zomzimba iza kuphuhlisa uthotho lwemithambo efanelekileyo kuwe. Kufuneka usebenzisane nengcali yezonyango zokuphefumla ukuze wenze umthambo wokuphefumla ukuze imiphunga yakho ihlale isempilweni.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: Ugqirha uza kuza kukubona rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
- Ukulungiselela:Umphunga ofanayo ungafumaneka nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngoko ke yenza isicwangciso sokuhamba ukuze ufike esibhedlele. Kungcono ukuba nebhegi yeempahla nezinto eziyimfuneko.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Emva kokuba usiwe kwigumbi lotyando, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kukunika iyeza lokuthomalalisa ukuze ungabi nantlungu. Isantya sentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ziya kuhlolwa rhoqo.
Emva koko uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-mechanical ventilator . Le yinto ekuphefumlelayo ngexesha lotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-'ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)' ungasetyenziswa. Oku kuyayekisa okwethutyana igazi ukuba lingahambi liye entliziyweni nasemaphaphu, uze umatshini ucoce igazi uze ulibuyisele emzimbeni wakho.
Ugqirha wenza utyando esifubeni sakho aze asuse ngononophelo umphunga onesifo okanye imiphunga yomibini. Emva koko, umphunga omtsha, osempilweni uyatyalwa endaweni yawo, uqhagamshelanisa yonke imithambo yegazi kunye neendlela zomoya.
Xa yonke into idibene kakuhle, bayajonga ukuba igazi nomoya ziyangena na emphungeni omtsha. Ekugqibeleni, inxeba liyathungwa kwaye inxeba liyagqunywa.
Ukufakelwa imiphunga kube kanye kunokuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-4-8, kwaye ukufakelwa imiphunga ephindwe kabini kunokuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-6-12.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi lokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU). Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baza kukunyamekela kakuhle ude ubuyele engqondweni kwaye imeko yakho izinze. Ekuqaleni, uza kugcinwa kwi-ventilator ukuze ikuncede uphefumle.
Nje ukuba imeko yakho iphucuke, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo. Kulapho ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo iqala khona. Uza kunikwa amayeza okuthintela amasosha omzimba ukuze umzimba wakho ungawamkeli la maphaphu matsha. Umzimba wakho uza kuhlolwa ngokusondeleyo ukuze ubone ukuba usabela njani kula mayeza.
Njengoko usiya uphila kancinci kancinci, iingcali zonyango lomzimba kunye neengcali zonyango lokuphefumla ziya kukuqalisa ngemithambo ukuze wakhe amandla akho. Ngokwesiqhelo uya kuvunyelwa ukuba ugoduke emva kweentsuku ezili-12-14, okanye ngaphezulu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Zithini iingozi kunye neengxaki? (Iingozi kunye neengxaki)
Njengakuyo nayiphi na ityando elikhulu, kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto.
- Iingozi zotyando: Izinto ezifana neengxaki ze-anesthesia, ukopha kakhulu, amahlwili egazi, kunye nosulelo.
- Ukwaliwa Kokufakelwa Kwesixokelelwane Semiphunga: Lo ngowona mceli mngeni mkhulu. Inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ikwazi kakuhle ukubona izinto zangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, isenokubona umphunga osandul’ ukufakelwa isixokelelwane njenge "nto yangaphandle" ize iqale ukuwuhlasela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi 'rerejection'.
- Ukwaliwa Okukhawulezileyo:Oku kunokwenzeka kunyaka wokuqala emva kotyando, kodwa kunokulawulwa kakhulu ngamayeza.
- Ukwaliwa Okungapheliyo: Oku kunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka eliqela. Le meko kunzima ukuyinyanga.
- Usulelo: Amayeza okuthintela amasosha omzimba, anikwa ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungawamkeli umphunga omtsha, anciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kukwenza ube namathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo olwahlukeneyo (iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, imingxunya).
Iimpawu zomzimba ezingavumiyo imiphunga
Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngezi mpawu. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso sokulahlwa | |
|---|---|
| - Ifiva | - Ukunyuka kobunzima bomzimba |
| - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | - Ukudinwa kakhulu |
| - Intlungu yomzimba | - Urhudo |
| - Intlungu okanye ukurhawuzelelwa okujikeleze umphunga otyaliweyo | - Ukudumba komzimba |
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha? (Ixesha lokuchacha)
Olu luhambo olude. Aluyi kuphola ngobusuku obunye.
- Iinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala: Kuya kufuneka uze esibhedlele rhoqo. Kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi, ii-X-ray, kunye nonyango lomzimba.
- Iiveki 6-8: Ungaqala umthambo olula uze uqhube.
- Iinyanga ezi-3-6: Umngcipheko wokuba umzimba ungawamkeli amaphaphu uyancipha. Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kuyazinza.
- Iinyanga ezi-4-6: Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umzimba wakho wahlukile. Ixesha lakho lokuchacha lisenokuhluka kwelomnye umntu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa imiphunga lutyando olusindisa ubomi, kodwa olunzima kakhulu. Lwenziwa kubantu abanesifo semiphunga esinzima esingenakunyangwa lolunye unyango.
- Ngaphambi kotyando, uza kuphononongwa uthotho lovavanyo olunzulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ufanelekile na.
- Eyona ngozi inkulu kukuba umzimba wakho uya kuwala umphunga omtsha uze ufumane usulelo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke .
- Inkqubo yokuchacha inde, kwaye umonde kunye nokusebenza ngokusondeleyo neqela lezonyango kubalulekile.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla), ungathandabuzi ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
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