Ngaba wakha waziva iqhuma emzimbeni wakho, mhlawumbi entanyeni, emakhwapheni, okanye emqolo, waza ugqirha walibiza ngokuba 'yiqhuma'? Xa ekuxelela ukuba kufuneka kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci lalo ukuze livavanywe, oko kukuthi, 'i-biopsy', ngaba waziva usoyika kwaye unexhala? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Xa usiva igama elithi "biopsy," uninzi lwethu lucinga ngomhlaza. Kodwa ayizizo zonke ii-biopsy ezenziwayo ukukhangela umhlaza. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula malunga nokuba i-nodule biopsy yintoni, kutheni yenziwa, indlela eyenziwa ngayo, kunye nokuba yinto yokoyika na.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-lymph node biopsy?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikuqonde oku, makhe sibone ukuba zithini ezi "lymph nodes". Khawuthelekelele ukuba sinenkqubo yokuzikhusela ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Le nkqubo yokuzikhusela ine "gates" ezincinci. Ezo gate zibizwa ngokuba zii-lymph nodes. Ezi zifana namathambo, zinobukhulu obuqala kubukhulu be-pea ukuya kubukhulu bebhola encinci, kwaye zisasazeke kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nentamo, amakhwapha, i-groin, isifuba, nesisu.
Ulwelo olumanzi oluvela kwiiseli nakwizicubu zomzimba wethu (esilubiza ngokuba lulwelo lwe-lymph) ludlula kwezi ndawo zokujonga, okanye i-cilia. Njengoko ludlula, ukuba kukho naziphi na iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye iiseli zomhlaza kuloo manzi eziyingozi emzimbeni, ezi ndawo zokujonga, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia, ziyazibamba kwaye zizivalele kude. Kufana nesihluzo.
Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba kutheni amadlala entanyeni yethu evuvukala xa sinomkhuhlane okanye usulelo lomphimbo. Kungenxa yokuba alwa neentsholongwane.
Kulungile, yintoni ke i -biopsy ? Ngamafutshane, i-biopsy kukususa yonke into okanye iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kwiqhuma uze ulithumele kwilebhu ukuze lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa yingcali yezifo, ugqirha ochwephesha ekuhloleni izicubu. Uza kujonga izicubu aze afumanise ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, usulelo, okanye iiseli zomhlaza kuzo.
Ugqirha ucebisa nini ukwenza olu vavanyo?
Ukuba ugqirha ucebisa ukuba wenze i-biopsy, kunokubakho izizathu ezibini eziphambili.
1. Ukuba urhanela ukuba umhlaza usasazeka, qinisekisa loo nto kwaye ujonge ukuba awusasazeki na: Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza uqala kwii-lymph nodes. Umzekelo , i-lymphoma.Uhlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi. Okanye, umhlaza okwinxalenye ethile yomzimba (njengebele okanye imiphunga) unokusasazeka uye kwii-lymph nodes. Ngoko ke i-biopsy inokubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza kwi-lymph node, ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza, kwaye usasazeke kangakanani (oku kubizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lomhlaza). Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa olu lwazi ukugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
2. Ukuba iqhuma lidumbile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amaqhuma anokudumba ngenxa yezifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, ukudumba kudla ngokuhla kwiveki okanye ezimbini emva kokuba ukugula kuphelile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iqhuma liyaqhubeka lidumba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, okanye ukuba liya likhula, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela. Isenokuba lusulelo olunzima (njengesifo sephepha), okanye isifo senkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (njenge-sarcoidosis) .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki ukuba ngumhlaza kuba nje ugqirha esithi makwenziwe i-biopsy. Yenzelwe ukususa nakuphi na ukuthandabuza nokuxilonga isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-biopsy? Zithini ezo?
Ewe, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha izicwili kwiqhuma. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo ngokusekwe kwizinto ezifana nendawo yeqhuma lakho kunye nesifo esirhanelwayo. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-biopsy | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Needle Biopsy | Kule nto, izicubu zithathwa ngokuhlaba ulusu ngenaliti, ngaphandle kokulusika. Kukwakho neentlobo ezimbini zale nto: - Ukufuthwa kwenaliti encinci (i-FNA): Inaliti encinci isetyenziselwa ukususa inani elincinci leeseli kunye nolwelo oluvela kwiqhuma. - I-Core Needle Biopsy: Iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu esisilinda liyasuswa kusetyenziswa inaliti ekhethekileyo, enkulu kancinci. |
| Vula iBiopsy | Le ndlela isetyenziswa ukuba ikhalane likwindawo engelula ukuyifumana ngenaliti. Apha, kwenziwa utyando oluncinci, ulusu luyasikwa, kwaye ikhalane liyasuswa. - I -Excisional Biopsy: Ithumba lonke liyasuswa. - I-Incisional Biopsy: Kusikwa iqhekeza lethishu kuphela lize lisuswe. |
| I-Sentinel Node Biopsy | Oku kwenziwa ngokukodwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. I-sentinel node yeyona node ikufutshane ne-tumor emzimbeni, kwaye iyasuswa ize ihlolwe. Ukuba ayinazo iiseli zomhlaza, kunokucingelwa ukuba umhlaza awusasazeki kwamanye ama-node. |
Ezi zikwabizwa ngokweendawo eziphambili apho iimbovane zifumaneka khona.
Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza i-biopsy ngokusekelwe kwindawo ekwenziwa kuyo.
- I-biopsy ye-lymph node e-Axillary (ekhwapheni): Ukuhlola i-lymph node ekhwapheni.
- I-biopsy ye-lymph node yomlomo wesibeleko (entanyeni): Uvavanyo lwe-lymph node entanyeni.
- I-Inguinal lymph node biopsy: Uvavanyo lwe-lymph node e-groin.
Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?
Emva kokucwangcisa umhla wokwenziwa kwe-biopsy, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo yendlela yokuyilungiselela aze akubuze nemibuzo embalwa.
Oko ukubuzwayo:
- Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngazo zonke iziyobisi ozisebenzisayo: amayeza kagqirha, amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, iivithamini, amayeza esintu, amayeza e-Ayurvedic, nantoni na oyithathayo. Ingakumbi ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi ( afana ne-Aspirin, i-Warfarin, i-Clopidogrel), qiniseka ukuba uyamxelela.
- Malunga nembali yakho yezonyango: Kufuneka wazi ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokopha, ukuba une-allergies kwi-anesthetics (amayeza akwenza ulale), okanye ukuba une-allergies kwi-latex. Kufuneka usixelele nokuba ukhulelwe okanye ungakhulelwa.
Icebiso kuwe:
- Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi) kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo.
- Ungacelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli kangangeeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo. Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-biopsy oluza kwenziwa kunye nohlobo lwe-anesthesia esetyenzisiweyo.
- Emva kovavanyo, uza kucelwa ukuba uzise umntu oza kukuthatha akuse ekhaya. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa ye-anesthesia, usenokungakwazi ukuqhuba okanye ukuba wedwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala. Ubuncinane ukuba nomntu wokukuthuthuzela yinto entle, akunjalo?
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-biopsy?
Oku akoyikisi njengoko unokucinga. Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka.
Uza kulaliswa ebhedini kwigumbi lovavanyo. Emva koko uza kunikwa i-anesthesia ukuze ungeva ntlungu . Ukuba inaliti ikufutshane nolusu, yiloo ndawo kuphela eza kuba ne-numbness (Local Anesthesia) . Ukuba inaliti ingaphakathi emzimbeni, uza kulaliswa (General Anesthesia) .
Emva kokuba uphelelwe ngamandla, emva kokuba ulele, Gqirha:
1. Fumana indawo echanekileyo yethumba: Ngamanye amaxesha lingafunyanwa ngokulichukumisa ngesandla sakho. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, kusetyenziswa iskena (i-Ultrasound, i-CT scan) ukuphawula indawo echanekileyo.
2. Ukufumana isampuli yethishu: Inxalenye okanye lonke ithumba liyasuswa kusetyenziswa indlela ekhethiweyo ye-biopsy (kusetyenziswa i-scalpel okanye i-incision encinci).
3. Ukuvala inxeba: Ukuba yayiyi-biopsy yenaliti, iplasta encinci ingafakwa. Ukuba yayiyi-biopsy evulekileyo, inxeba liya kuvalwa nge-stitches kwaye kuya kufakwa ibhandeji. Ezinye izititshi ziyanyibilika zodwa, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ukutyelela ugqirha kwakhona kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuze zisuswe.
Ingaba oku kubuhlungu? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Xa iyeza lokubulala iintlungu lifakwa kwinaliti, uya kuziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci kwaye utshiswe. Kodwa lihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Emva koko , awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha le-biopsy . Emva kwenkqubo, ungaziva ungakhululekanga kangako njengoko ikhrimu yokubulala iintlungu iphela. Oku kunokunyangeka nge-painkiller echazwe ngugqirha wakho.
Uvavanyo lwenaliti luthatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30. Uvavanyo oluvulekileyo lungathatha imizuzu engama-45.
Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kovavanyo?
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-biopsy yinkqubo yokunyanga ngaphandle kwesibhedlele , oko kuthetha ukuba ungaya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye.
Ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kujonga iimpawu zakho zobomi aze akunike imiyalelo yokuba ungalinyamekela njani inxeba lakho.
- Ukuphola kwenxeba okuqhelekileyo: Kuqhelekile ukuba inxeba liphume igazi kancinci, indawo idumbe, ijike ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye libe nentlungu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala.
- Indlela yokugcina inxeba licocekile: Ukuze uthintele usulelo, unokucelwa ukuba ungahlambi okanye usebenzise iibhafu ezishushu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Indlela yokunciphisa imisebenzi yakho: Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuphakamisa iintsimbi nokwenza umthambo onzima kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nokwenzakala ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, babuze yonke into kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uyazi kakuhle into omawuyenze.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi koku?
I-biopsy yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu.Kodwa njengakweyiphi na inkqubo yezonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci ezinokwenzeka ngokungaqhelekanga.
| Umngcipheko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Usulelo | Oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, kunokunyangeka ngee-antibiotics. |
| Ukopha | Ukuba inxeba liyaqhubeka nokopha okanye igazi liqhekeka kakhulu, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha . |
| Ukuba ndindisholo | Ukuba umthambo okufutshane wonakele kancinci ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy, unokufumana ukungaziva kakuhle kuloo ndawo. Oku kudla ngokuphela kwinyanga enye okanye ezimbini. |
| Ukudumba (iLymphedema) | Ukususa ii-cysts kunokuthintela ukuhamba kolwelo lwe-lymph kwaye kubangele ukudumba kuloo ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-cysts enye okanye ezimbalwa zisuswa ngexesha le-biopsy, le ngozi iphantsi kakhulu. |
Ithini ingxelo? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuyifumana?
Ingxelo ye-biopsy ikuxelela ukuba isiqwenga sesicwili esivavanyiweyo sichanekile okanye asichanekanga kwisifo esithile.
Umzekelo, ukuba ingxelo ithi ilungile , oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza kwi-testicle. Ugqirha uya kuphanda ngakumbi ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza uqale kwi-testicle okanye uvela kwenye indawo. Iziphumo zengxelo ziya kumisela amanyathelo akho alandelayo.
Ixesha elithathayo ukuba ingxelo ibuye lingahluka. Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zinganikwa ngosuku olunye . Ingakumbi kwimeko ye-biopsy eyenziwe ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza, ingxelo ingasetyenziselwa ukugqiba ukuba kufuneka kususwe na ezinye izicwili ngaxeshanye. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingxelo iyabuyaKungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uza kuyifumana nini ingxelo yakho kwaye uza kuyifumana njani (nokuba kungokufowunela okanye xa ubuyela ekliniki).
Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba ugqirha kwakhona nini?
Kwabaninzi abantu, inxeba liyaphola ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile, musa ukucinga kabini malunga nokuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Xelela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo:
- Ukuba uziva ngathi unomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda.
- Ukuba indawo yenxeba iya idumba ngakumbi, ibuhlungu, okanye ibomvu.
- Ukuba ulwelo olufana nobovu olumthubi okanye olunuka kakubi luphuma enxebeni.
Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxhalabile, usoyika, kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ufumanisa ukuba uza kwenziwa i-biopsy. Usenokuba nomdla wokuyenza ngokukhawuleza, ufumane iziphumo, kwaye uyiyeke. Kodwa khumbula, olu vavanyo lunokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okanye lunike isiqabu kuloyiko olukhulu obunalo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olufumanayo kolu vavanyo lubalulekile kwimpilo yakho nakwikamva lakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy alulotyando olukhulu, kodwa luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolukhuselekileyo lokufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngelixa usenza oku kuba kubuhlungu. Nakuphi na ukungakhululeki okuncinci okuza emva koko kunokulawulwa ngamayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu.
- Ngaphambi kovavanyo, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, i-allergies, kunye neemeko zempilo onazo.
- Buza ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokunyamekela inxeba emva kokuhlolwa kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzilumkele.
- Ukuba ubona into efana nomkhuhlane, ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, okanye ubomvu obuphuma enxebeni, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Musa ukoyika ukucinga ukuba i-biopsy ngumhlaza kuba nje uxelelwe ukuba uyenze. Isenokuba luvavanyo nje lokuthintela ukurhanelwa.
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