Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukunike uhlobo oluthile lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-MAOI? Okanye ngaba ukhe weva ngale mithi ndaweni ithile kwaye unomdla wokwazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye? Ii-MAOI ngokwenene luhlobo lonyango olunikwa ukunyanga iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudakumba. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abazicebisi rhoqo kule mihla. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezithile zoku. Masithethe ngale nto kwasekuqaleni, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Loluphi uhlobo lonyango oluyi-MAOI?
Ngamafutshane, ii-MAOIs (i-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) zezona ziyobisi zokuqala ezifunyenweyo ukunyanga ukudakumba. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu ngento oyityayo xa uzisebenzisa. Kwakhona, ngenxa yemiphumo emibi kunye neengxaki zamanye amayeza, oogqirha badla ngokuzicebisa njengesisombululo sokugqibela, xa ezinye iintlobo zeziyobisi zokudakumba zingasebenzi.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuba unikwe amayeza amatsha afana ne-SSRIs kwaye iimpawu zakho azikaphucuki, ugqirha wakho unokuqwalasela i-MAOI njengenyathelo elilandelayo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-MAOIs ezisetyenziswayo ehlabathini?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-MAOIs ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. Nokuba zonke ezi zinto ziyafumaneka na kwilizwe lethu zinokwahluka, kodwa kulungile ukwazi la magama.
- I-Isocarboxazid (Marplan®)
- IPhenelzine (iNardil®)
- I-Selegiline (Emsam®)
- I-Tranylcypromine (iParnate®)
Ziziphi iimeko ezimiselwe amayeza e-MAOI?
Nangona eli yeza limiselwe ikakhulu ukudakumba, likwasetyenziswa nakwezinye izifo zengqondo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuvunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni
Ezi ziimeko apho abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo bavumile ngokusesikweni eli yeza njengelifanelekileyo kwezi zifo.
- Ingxaki Enkulu Yokudakumba: Zombini i-Isocarboxazid kunye neTranylcypromine zivunyiwe kule meko.
- Iingxaki ezinganyangekiyo kunyango: I-Phenelzine isetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kovalo, kunye nesifo sokuxhalaba kwezentlalo esingaphenduliyo kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Isifo sikaParkinson: I-Selegiline liyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudakumba kwaye likwasetyenziswa njengonyango oluncedisayo kunye namanye amayeza esifo sikaParkinson.
Ukusetyenziswa "okungafakwanga kwileyibhile"
Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha angakunika eli yeza ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwakhe lwezonyango namava akhe kwimeko engavunywanga ngokusemthethweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa "okungekho kwileyibhile". Umzekelo:
- Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-tranylcypromine ngamanye amaxesha liyanikwa abantu abanengxaki yokuxhalaba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka koloyiko kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo.
- Kukho amaxesha apho iyeza iSelegiline linikwa i-ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Khawuthelekelele ukuba iingqondo zethu zineekhemikhali ezilawula izinto ezifana neemvakalelo zethu, ulonwabo, kunye nengqalelo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters . Ezi zifana nezithunywa ezincinci ezithwala imiyalezo engqondweni.
Ngoku, umzimba wethu une-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Monoamine Oxidase." Umsebenzi wale enzyme kukuqhekeza nokususa ezo zithunywa (ii-neurotransmitters) emva kokuba zisetyenzisiwe.
Umntu onesifo sokudakumba unokuba namanqanaba aphantsi ezi zithunywa engqondweni yakhe. Into eyenziwa liyeza le-MAOI kukuyekisa okwethutyana (ukuthintela) ukusebenza kwaloo enzyme 'yokucoca'. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
Ii-neurotransmitters ezibalulekileyo engqondweni zihlala engqondweni ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amanqanaba azo ayanda.
Ii-neurotransmitters eziphambili ezinyuswa yi-MAOIs zezi:
- I-Serotonin: Ibaluleke kakhulu kwimvakalelo, ebuthongweni, ekutyeni, nasekuziphatheni kwabantu.
- I-Norepinephrine: Ibalulekile ekuqapheleni, ekugxileni, nasemsebenzini.
- I-Dopamine: Inxulumene nolonwabo, ulwaneliseko kunye nengqalelo.
- I-Tyramine: Le ikwaluhlobo lwe-neurotransmitter. Kodwa umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Le yeyona sizathu sokuba kufuneka uqaphele into oyityayo xa uthatha i-MAOI. Siza kuthetha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe kamva.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-MAOIs kunye nee-SSRIs?
Ii-SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) lolunye uhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngamagama afana neProzac kunye neSertraline. Nangona omabini la mayeza esetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo, asebenza ngokwahlukileyo.
- I-SSRI: Ezi zifana ne-snipers. Zijolise kuphela kwi-neurotransmitter serotonin , zinyusa amanqanaba ayo.
- Ii-MAOI: Ezi zifana ne-shotgun. Zichaphazela ii-neurotransmitters ezininzi (i-serotonin, i-norepinephrine, i-dopamine) ngaxeshanye.
Ngenxa yokuba amayeza e-SSRI aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kwaye akukho mithetho ikhethekileyo malunga nokutya nokusela, oogqirha badla ngokucebisa amayeza e-SSRI kuqala.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ze-MAOIs?
Njengazo zonke amayeza, le inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu oyifumanayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana enye okanye ezimbini, kwaye abanye basenokungabi nazo kwaphela. Ukuba uneengxaki ezintsha emva kokuqalisa le mithi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Isiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu | Oku kunokubangelwa kukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi. Oku kungalawulwa ngokuvuka kancinci xa ume okanye uhleli. |
| Umlomo owomileyo | Unokufumana isiqabu ngokusela amanzi amaninzi nokuhlafuna itshungama engenaswekile. |
| Isicaphucaphu | Oku kungancitshiswa ngokuthatha amayeza kunye nokutya. |
| Ukuqunjelwa okanye ukuqhinwa | Oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nobungakanani bamanzi owaselayo. |
| Ukozela | Ugqirha angakucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza ebusuku. |
| Ukungalali | Kwimeko enjalo, ungacetyiswa ukuba uthathe iyeza kusasa. |
Iingozi ezinkulu ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa ii-MAOIs!
Kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi le nxalenye. Ii-MAOIs sisiyobisi esifanele sisetyenziswe ngononophelo olukhulu.
1. Iingcinga zokuzibulala ezandayo
Ukwanda kweengcinga okanye ukuziphatha okufuna ukuzibulala kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi kubantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala, xa eli yeza liqalwa okokuqala okanye xa idosi itshintshiwe.
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho niqala ukuziva niphelelwe lithemba emva kokuqalisa eli yeza, ungathandabuzi ukuqhagamshelana nogqirha oninike iyeza ngoko nangoko.Ungafumana inkxaso ngoko nangoko ngokufowunela inombolo yoncedo lwezempilo yengqondo yesizwe yaseSri Lanka, u-1926 .
2. Isifo seSerotonin
Le yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa enokuba yingozi ebomini . Yenzeka xa amanqanaba e-serotonin emzimbeni eba phezulu ngendlela eyingozi. Le ngozi iyanda ukuba uthatha i-MAOI ngelixa usebenzisa amanye amayeza anyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin (umz., amanye amayeza okudakumba, ezinye iziraphu zokukhohlela, kunye neentlungu).
Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha i-MAOI, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku (kuquka iivithamini kunye namayeza emveli).
| Iimpawu zeSerotonin Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|
| Iimpawu ezinzulu nezingxamisekileyo |
|
| Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zinzima, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko! | |
3. Isifo Sokuyeka Ukuxinezeleka
Ukuba uthatha i-MAOI kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezi-6 uze uyiyeke ngequbuliso, unokufumana iimpawu zokurhoxa. Oku akukokuba ngumlutha, kodwa yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kumayeza njengoko eqhela.
Iimpawu:
- Iintlungu zomzimba, ukudinwa, nokubila, ngokungathi unomkhuhlane
- Ukungalali
- Isicaphucaphu
- Isiyezi
- Ukuziva ngathi umbane udlula emzimbeni wakho
- Ixhala, ukucaphuka
Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha eli yeza ngequbuliso nangasiphi na isizathu ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Ukuba uyeka ukulisebenzisa, yenza oko kancinci kancinci kangangenyanga, unciphise umthamo, kwaye kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha wakho.
4. Impendulo eyingozi ngokutya (iTyramine Reaction)
Le yeyona ngozi ibalulekileyo neyingozi kakhulu kwi-MAOIs.
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amayeza e-MAOI athintela i-enzyme eqhekeza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-tyramine. I-Tyramine ifumaneka rhoqo kwezinye ukutya esikutyayo. Kumntu ongasebenzisiyo amayeza, umzimba uyaphuka lula kwaye uyisuse le tyramine.
Kodwa ukuba umntu othatha i-MAOI utya ukutya okune-tyramine eninzi, umzimba awukwazi ukuyicola. Emva koko inqanaba le-tyramine egazini linyuka ngengozi, nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (i-Hypertensive Crisis) . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi engqondweni nasekufeni.
Ukutya ekufuneka 'kuphetshwe' ngokupheleleyo xa usebenzisa ii-MAOIs!
Ukuba uthatha i-MAOI, kufuneka uziphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutya okuluhlu olungezantsi. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
| Uhlobo lokutya | Izinto ekufuneka ziphetshwe kunye nesizathu sokuba |
|---|---|
| Itshizi | Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo iitshizi ezindala . Umzekelo: iCheddar, itshizi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iParmesan. (Amanqanaba eTyramine ayanda ngokuhamba kwexesha). Iitshizi ezintsha ezifana neCottage cheese, iMozzarella zilungile. |
| Inyama neentlanzi ezicutshungulweyo | Iisoseji, isalami, inyama eyomileyo, inyama ecoliweyo, kunye nenyama/intlanzi etshayiweyo. |
| Iisosi | Isosi yesoya kunye nezinye iisosi ezivundisiweyo. |
| Iziqhamo nemifuno ebilisiwe | Iibhanana ezivuthiweyo kakhulu , iiavokhado, amakhiwane. Iimbotyi zeFava (uhlobo lwembotyi). |
| Utywala | Ibhiya yeTap (ibhiya evundisiweyo) kunye neebhiya ezivundisiweyo. Ezinye iiwayini zikwanotywala obuninzi be-tyramine. |
| Okunye | Isonka se-sourdough, isibindi, njl. njl. (i-tyramine iyanda ngokukhawuleza ukuba ayitshanga). |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Yitya ukutya kwangoko emva kokuba kuphekiwe. Faka okuseleyo efrijini kwaye uphephe ukufudumeza kwakhona. Njengoko ukutya kukhula, amanqanaba e-tyramine anokunyuka.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuva iziphumo zeyeza?
Kudla ngokuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuba kubonakale iziphumo ezipheleleyo zamayeza. Ukuba awuboni tshintsho kwiimpawu zakho ngelo xesha, thetha nogqirha wakho.
Ufanele ubize nini ugqirha wakho?
Ukuba usebenzisa i-MAOI, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba iyeza liyasebenza na kwaye ukuba unazo naziphi na iingxaki. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngezi zinto:
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza.
- Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki okanye azibi mandundu.
- Ukuba uziva ngathi kufuneka uyeke ukusebenzisa iyeza.
Okokugqibela, njengomntu othatha i-MAOI, kubalulekile ukuxelela nawuphi na ugqirha ombonayo (nokuba ngugqirha wamazinyo) ukuba uthatha eli yeza, njengoko ezinye ii-anesthetics kunye namanye amayeza zinokubangela iimpendulo eziyingozi kwi-MAOIs.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-MAOI luhlobo lwamayeza okudakumba angasasetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa asebenza kakhulu kwezinye iimeko.
- Ukutya okuneTyramine (okufana netshizi egugileyo, inyama ecoliweyo, isosi yesoya) kufuneka kuthintelwe ngokupheleleyo xa usebenzisa eli yeza. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho malunga neminye imithi oyithathayo.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinzulu ze-serotonin syndrome (ukudideka, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuxhuzula) okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Xelela bonke oogqirha obanyangayo ukuba uthatha i-MAOI.
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