Masifunde ngakumbi nge-measles (iRubeola)! Ezi zinto zibalulekile kuwe nakusapho lwakho!

Ngaba wakha wambona umntwana omncinci, okanye ngamanye amaxesha umntu omdala, enamabala amancinci abomvu emzimbeni wonke kunye nomkhuhlane? Isenokuba yimasisi. Asingomdlalo lo, sisifo esinokuba yingozi ukuba asinyanyekelwa kakuhle. Makhe sithethe ngoku ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye imasisi (iRubeola)?

Ngamafutshane, imasisi sisifo esisulelayo kakhulu kwintsholongwane. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane yosapho lweMorbillivirus. Sibangela amabala emzimbeni wonke, kunye neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela. Kodwa imasisi ayizizo nje iindawo ezimbalwa. Inokukwenza ugule kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne -encephalitis , enokuba yingozi ebomini, okanye i-pneumonia . Ayipheleli apho, imasisi ikwayenza buthathaka inkqubo yakho yomzimba, ikwenze ube sesichengeni sokufumana ezinye izifo. Ngaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba kubekho isitofu sokugonya, izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zafa ngenxa yemasisi. Isabonakala nakwamanye amazwe. Akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthile lwayo.

I-Maasles ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-rubeola, i-measles yeentsuku ezili-10, kunye ne-scarlet fever. Kodwa le ayisiyo i-German measles (i-Rubella), sisifo esahlukileyo.

Idluliselwa njani imasisi?

I-Maasles sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu esisasazeka emoyeni . Xa umntu one-maasles ephefumla, ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha, amasuntswana amancinci e-virus akhululwa emoyeni. La masuntswana e-virus anokuhlala emoyeni ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezimbini emva kokuba umntu one-maasles ephumile kwigumbi. Anokuhlala nakwiindawo ezifana neetafile, izitulo, kunye nezibambo zomnyango. Ukuba uchukumisa ezo ndawo uze uchukumise umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo ngesandla esinye, ungosuleleka.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokusasazeka kwe-measles:

• Ukuba kufutshane nomntu one-measles. Oku kuthetha ukuthetha, ukwabelana ngokutya nokusela, ukwanga, ukuxhawulana, nokuwolana.
• Ukuchukumisa umphezulu okanye into enentsholongwane uze uchukumise umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo ngesandla esifanayo.
• Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unemasisi, angayidlulisela kumntwana wakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, okanye ukuncancisa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vertical transmission.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntu omnye one-measles ungena kwigumbi elinabantu abalishumi abangagonyelwanga i-measles, oogqirha bathi abalithoba kwabo balishumi banethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-measles. Yiyo loo nto isasazekayo! Ungosulela umntu kwiintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba ufumane i-measles ukuya kwiintsuku ezine emva kokuba i-measles ivele.

Zithini iimpawu zemasisi?

Iimpawu zesifo semasisi azibonakali ngaxeshanye. Zivela kancinci kancinci. Unokubona izinto ezinje ekuqaleni:

• Ndiba nomkhuhlane ophezulu .
• Kuza ukukhwehlela okukrakrayo.
• Amehlo aba bomvu, okanye iinyembezi ziphume emehlweni (amehlo abomvu okanye abomvu).
• Impumlo enemifinya.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu.
• Amabala amancinci abomvu aneziko elimhlophe (elibizwa ngokuba ngamabala kaKoplik) angavela emlonyeni nasezidleleni. La mabala adla ngokuvela kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu aze aphele njengoko amanye amabala emzimbeni eqala ukubonakala.
• Emva koko irhashalala iqala ukubonakala emzimbeni wonke .
• Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu zokugaya ukutya ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, urhudo, kunye nokuhlanza.
• Umphimbo wam ubuhlungu.
• Iintlungu zomzimba kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu nazo zinokubakho.

Okokuqala, iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo abomvu ziyavela. Kuphela emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu apho okubizwa ngokuba yi-"Koplik's spots" kuvela khona emlonyeni. Amabala emzimbeni aqala ukubonakala kamva, malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziqalile. Xa amabala ebonakala, umkhuhlane ungabuya.

Zibukeka njani iindawo ezibangela isifo semasisi?

Amabala e-masisi adla ngokuqala ebusweni. Abonakala njengamabala asicaba. Ukuba unesikhumba esikhanyayo, aya kubonakala ebomvu. Ukuba unesikhumba esimnyama, anokuba mfusa okanye abe mnyama kunolusu olujikelezileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuwabona kakuhle.

La mabala asasazeka entanyeni, esifubeni, emqolo, ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasemacaleni eenyawo. Njengoko esasazeka, amanye amabala anokudibana aze abe makhulu. Kwezinye iindawo, anokuphakama njengamaqhuma, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, anokuba tyaba. Nangona kunjalo, la mabala adla ngokungarhawuzeleli .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana imasisi?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki ezinkulu ezibangelwa yi-measles. Ezi ziquka:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo.
• Abantu abanenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka "babuthathaka." Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abasebenzisa amayeza ezifo ezinje ngomhlaza, abosulelwe yi-HIV, okanye abanakho ukumelana nezifo ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinobungozi ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-measles?

Nangona ezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa yimasisi zincinci, ezinye zinokuba yingozi kwaye zibeke ubomi esichengeni. Jonga ezi:

• Usulelo lwendlebe.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yorhudo oluqatha.
• I-Bronchitis.
• I-Laryngitis.
• Isifo semiphunga : Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa kwabantwana abancinci ngenxa yesifo semiphunga.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukubona (Ubumfama).
• Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis) . Oku kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni, kwaye, kunqabile, nokufa.
• I-Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) lusulelo olungaqhelekanga kodwa olubulalayo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Lunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka emininzi emva kokuba ne-measles.
• I-Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) kukudumba kobuchopho. Oku kunokwenzeka nakwiintsuku okanye iminyaka emva kwe-measles. Abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu.
• Ekugqibeleni, nokufa kunokwenzeka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba ufumana imasisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana wakho unokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye abe nobunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa .

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani imasisi?

Ugqirha usenokucinga ukuba une-measles ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango, uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye nohlobo lwe-rash. Nangona kunjalo, banokwenza uvavanyo olufana nolu ukuqinisekisa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi .
• Ukuvavanya iisampulu zolwelo oluthathwe empumlweni okanye emqaleni wakho (iiswabhu ezivela empumlweni okanye emqaleni).
• Uvavanyo lomchamo .

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga imasisi?

Ngelishwa, akukabikho nyango okanye unyango oluthile olunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo imasisi.

Kodwa ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-vitamin A ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele uthathe i-vitamin A wedwa ngaphandle kolwalathiso lukagqirha. Ukusela i-vitamin A eninzi kunokubangela imeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin A toxicity, enokonakalisa amalungu akho angaphakathi. I-Vitamin A ayinyangi imasisi okanye ayithinteli ukuba ikhule.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani imasisi?

Ukuba awunazo ezinye iingxaki, imasisi ihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha kwiimeko ezinje:

• Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nogonyo.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu one-measles (ugqirha wakho angakunika unyango lwe-immunoglobulin (i-antibody) ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo).
• Ukuba ufuna ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-antibody ye-measles (ii-antibody `titers`) ukuze ubone ukuba unamandla okuzikhusela kwi-measles.

Kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni.
• Ukuba amehlo akho abuthathaka kakhulu ekukhanyeni (Ukuvakalelwa kakhulu ekukhanyeni).
• Ukuba uziva intamo iqinile.
• Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukuba kukho ukudideka.
• Ukuba uhlanza kakhulu okanye urhudo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unesifo semasisi?

I-Mass ingakwenza ugule kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu ababini kwabahlanu abafumana i-measles kuya kufuneka balale esibhedlele .

Kwanasemva kokuba uphilile, usenokuba namathuba angakumbi okufumana ezinye izifo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imasisi inokutshabalalisa iiseli kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela ezikhumbula ukuzikhusela kwakho kwizifo zangaphambili. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'imnesia' .

Kwakhona, iingxaki ezisongela ubomi zinokwenzeka emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuba une-measles, ingakumbi ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.

Ngaba ndifanele ndihlale kude nabanye abantu ukuba ndine-measles?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Kufuneka uhlale kude nabanye abantu ubuncinane iintsuku ezine emva kokuba une-measles kwaye kuvela irhashalala. Kufuneka unxibe imaski ye-N95. Kwakhona, oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye abantu abakunyangayo kufuneka banxibe imaski ye-N95. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungaya nini emsebenzini okanye esikolweni kwaye nini apho unokunxibelelana nabanye abantu.

Ungaziphelisa njani iimpawu zemasisi ekhaya?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana imasisi, buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokulawula iimpawu zakho ekhaya. Usenokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Sela i-acetaminophen (efana ne-paracetamol) okanye amayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) (efana ne-ibuprofen) xa kukho iintlungu zomzimba kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Phumla kakuhle.
• Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi kunye nejusi yeziqhamo.
• Hlamba ngamanzi anetyuwa ukuze uthomalalise umqala wakho.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-measles?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokuzikhusela kwi-measles kukufumana i-measles vaccine . Ukuze ukhuseleke ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ukuba ufumene zombini iidosi zenye yezi ntlobo zimbini ze-vaccine:

• Ugonyo lwe-masisi, i-mumps, kunye ne-rubella (ugonyo lwe-MMR).
• Ugonyo lwe-measles, i-mumps, i-rubella, kunye ne-chickenpox (ugonyo lwe-MMRV).

Abantu abaninzi bafumana ugonyo lwe-MMR okanye lwe-MMRV besebancinci. Kodwa ungalufumana naxa sele ukhulile.

Ngaba ungangenwa yi-measles nasemva kokufumana i-vaccine?

Ukuba ufumene zombini iidosi zogonyo ngokuchanekileyo, amathuba akho okufumana imasisi aphantsi kakhulu . Kodwa ukuba ufumene idosi enye kuphela, amathuba okuthintela esi sifo aphantsi nangakumbi.

Ngaphambili, kwanakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, imasisi yayisifo esiqhelekileyo sabantwana. Ngenxa yeenkqubo zempilo yoluntu, esi sifo ngoku sisusiwe kakhulu kula mazwe (oko kuthetha ukuba asisasazeki). Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iimeko kwaye abantu bayafa ngenxa yemasisi. Ukuba abantu bayayeka ukufumana isitofu semasisi, esi sifo sinokuqala ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela kwakhona. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wadibana nomntu onemasisi, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Angakuxelela indlela yokulawula iimpawu zakho kunye nento onokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo esinzulu, ukuba sikhona.

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo esifuna ukuyithatha kweli bali?

I-Maasles ayisosifo esinokudlalwa ngaso, zihlobo zam. Sisifo esisulelayo kakhulu esinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Ngethamsanqa, kukho isitofu esisebenzayo kakhulu (isitofu 'se-MMR' okanye 'isitofu se-MMRV') sokukhusela kuso. Ukuba wena okanye abantwana bakho anikafumani esi sitofu, qiniseka ukuba nifuna ingcebiso kagqirha nize nisifumane.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-measles, okanye ukhe wadibana nomntu one-measles, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza . Ngonyango olukhawulezileyo kunye neengcebiso ezifanelekileyo, wena kunye nabo bakungqongileyo ninokuzikhusela kunye nabanye kwesi sifo. Khumbula, impilo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

I - Maasles, i-Rubeola, Iimpawu ze-Maasles, Ukudluliselwa kwe-Maasles, Ugonyo lwe-Maasles, Ugonyo lwe-MMR, IiPediatrics