Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba udinga utyando lwentliziyo. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba luyinkqubo ebuhlungu kakhulu equka ukwenza umngxuma omkhulu esifubeni nokuhlala esibhedlele ixesha elide. Kodwa namhlanje, isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. Kukho iindlela zonyango lwentliziyo ngemingxunya embalwa emincinci endaweni yokwenza imingxunya emikhulu njengangaphambili. Loo ndlela yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yiMinally Invasive Heart Surgery . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni utyando lwentliziyo olungenalo umgudu kangako?
Khawucinge nje, kwindlela yotyando lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha usika lonke ithambo lesifuba (sternum) phakathi kwesifuba sakho ukuze afikelele entliziyweni yakho. Oku kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphola, kubuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye kushiya isilonda esikhulu.
Kodwa kule ndlela intsha, ebizwa ngokuba yiMinimally Invasive Surgery, akukho sithuba sikhulu kangaka. Endaweni yoko, kwenziwa umsikelo omnye okanye ngaphezulu omfutshane kakhulu ecaleni kwesifuba sakho, phakathi kweembambo zakho. Emva koko, kufakwa iikhamera zobugcisa obuphezulu, izixhobo zotyando ezithambileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iingalo zerobhothi ngezi zisikelo zincinci ukuze kwenziwe utyando olufunekayo entliziyweni yakho.
Ugqirha uyibona njani intliziyo? Ubukela imifanekiso ecacileyo evela kwikhamera enamandla aphezulu kwisikrini aze alawule ezi zixhobo ngononophelo olukhulu. Kufana nokudlala umdlalo wevidiyo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu kwaye kucokisekile.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sicacise ngakumbi umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini.
| Uphawu | Utyando Olungena Ngobuninzi | Utyando lweNtliziyo oluVulekileyo lweSintu |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusikwa | Kusikwa amanxeba amancinci amalunga ne-1-3 ecaleni kwesifuba. | Kwenziwe ukusika okukhulu, okuziisentimitha ezi-6-8 ubude, embindini wesifuba. |
| Intlungu | Okubaluleke kakhulu. | Intlungu iphezulu kakhulu emva kotyando. |
| Ixesha lokuphiliswa | Kukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuchacha kungenzeka kwiiveki ezi-2-4. | Kuthatha iiveki ezi-6-8 nangaphezulu. |
| Ixesha esibhedlele | Ngokwesiqhelo iintsuku ezimbalwa. | Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka ulinde iveki okanye ngaphezulu. |
| Amanxeba | Amanxeba amancinci kakhulu, angabonakaliyo kangako. | Kusala isilonda esikhulu nesibonakalayo phakathi kwesifuba. |
| Ingozi yokosuleleka | Ngaphantsi. | Kaninzi. |
Zeziphi iintlobo zotyando ezi?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando lwentliziyo olungenabungozi kangako.
1. Utyando lweThoracoscopic: Kule nto, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu ende enekhamera ebizwa ngokuba yi-thoracoscope ngomngxuma omncinci ecaleni kwesifuba. Ugqirha usebenzisa izixhobo ezinde nezincinci ezifakwe kwezinye imingxuma ukwenza utyando, esebenzisa imifanekiso evela kule khamera.
2. Utyando lwentliziyo oluncediswa yirobhothi: Olu lolona luphambili kwezi ndlela. Nalapha, kwenziwa imingxunya emincinci ecaleni kwesifuba. Nangona kunjalo, utyando alwenziwa ngqo ngugqirha. Uhlala phambi kwenkqubo yokulawula ikhompyutha (ikhonsoli) kwaye ulawula iingalo zerobhothi. Ezi ngalo zerobhothi zinokusebenza ngobuchule, ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ngaphandle kokushukuma kunengalo yomntu. Kwakhona, ekubeni kufunyenwe imifanekiso ye-three-dimensional (3D), utyando lunokwenziwa ngelixa ujonge umfanekiso ocacileyo wentliziyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zezifo zentliziyo ezisetyenziselwa le ndlela?
Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zotyando lwentliziyo ezinokwenziwa ngale ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lotyando oluqhelekileyo ngoku lwenziwa ngempumelelo ngale ndlela. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba le ndlela ikulungele na.
- Ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kweevalvu, ingakumbi utyando olubandakanya ivalvu ye-mitral.
- Iimeko ezifana ne -atrial septal defect (ASD) , ebangela ukuba imingxunya entliziyweni ivaleke.
- Ukususwa kwethumba lentliziyo.
- Ezinye iindlela zotyando zokudlula umthambo wentliziyo .
- Unyango olufana nenkqubo yeMaze yokuphazamiseka kwesingqisho sentliziyo (i-arrhythmias).
- Ukufakelwa kwesixhobo sokuncedisa i-ventricular.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nasemva kotyando?
Ngaphambi kotyando
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo yendlela yokulungiselela utyando. Ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi) kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando. Uza kunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo ukuze ungeva nto ngexesha lotyando.
Uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini wentliziyo nemiphunga ukuze ugcine ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho ngexesha lotyando.
Ngexesha lotyando
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ugqirha wenza utyando olunye okanye ngaphezulu oluncinci ecaleni kwesifuba. Ngala maqhekeza, kufakwa ikhamera kunye nezixhobo ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwentliziyo okufunekayo, ukutshintshwa kweevalvu, okanye olunye unyango. Xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe, imingxunya emincinci iyathungwa ivalwe. Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu .
Emva kotyando
Emva kotyando, uza kubekwa esweni kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu (ICU) usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Usenokuba neetyhubhu ezimbalwa zokukhupha amanzi ezibekwe ngaphandle kwesifuba sakho ukuze uthintele ulwelo ukuba lungaqokeleli entliziyweni yakho.
Emva koko uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, uza kuncedwa ukuba uvuke uhambe kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini emva kotyando. Uza kufundiswa nokuzilolonga ukuphefumla ukuthintela ukwakheka kwe-mucus emiphungeni yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo uza kukwazi ukuya ekhaya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
Zithini iingozi zolu tyando?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zotyando, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa notyando oluvulekileyo, umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi kakhulu.
Iingozi ezinokubakho:
- Ukopha
- Iintsholongwane
- Ukungahambi kakuhle kwesingqisho sentliziyo (i-arrhythmias)
- Istroke
Kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo ugqirha uvakalelwa kukuba indlela engangenisi ntsholongwane ayisakhuselekanga, banokutshintshela kutyando oluvulekileyo ngoko nangoko. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukwazi.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Le yeyona nzuzo inkulu yale ndlela. Emva kotyando oluvulekileyo, awukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onzima okanye ukuqhuba iinyanga ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kotyando oluncinci olungena emzimbeni, ungabuyela kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine .
Ungaziva udiniwe kancinci kunesiqhelo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala. Oku kuqhelekile. Kungcono ungenzi nantoni na enzima, njengokuphakamisa iintsimbi, kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela yokunyusa kancinci inqanaba lomsebenzi wakho njengoko kufanelekile. Ungathunyelwa kwinkqubo yokuvuselela intliziyo . Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde indlela yokuzilolonga ngokukhuselekileyo nokutya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuba ufanele ubonane nogqirha emva kotyando?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi emva kokubuyela ekhaya, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukukhupha ubomvu okanye ulwelo oluvela kumanxeba.
- Ukudumba okugqithisileyo okanye ukubomvu okujikeleze inxeba.
- Umkhuhlane okanye ukuziva ubanda.
- Ukuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga).
- Ukudumba okungaqhelekanga kwemilenze okanye iinyawo (i-edema).
- Ukunyuka kobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-1.5 kg (iikhilogram ezi-3) ngeveki.
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zosulelo okanye ezinye iingxaki, ngoko ke musa ukuzityeshela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwentliziyo olungena kakhulu lutyando oluphambili oluqhutywa ngokusikwa okuncinci esifubeni, endaweni yokwenza isikeko esikhulu.
- Le ndlela ayibuhlungu kangako, ixesha lokuchacha likhawuleza, ukuhlala esibhedlele ziintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, kwaye akukho zikrweqe zinkulu ziseleyo.
- Umngcipheko weengxaki nawo uphantsi kakhulu kunaxa utyando luvulekile.
- Utyando oluninzi, olufana nokulungisa iivalvu zentliziyo kunye nokuvala imingxunya entliziyweni, lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa le ndlela.
- Ingcali yakho yentliziyo ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukugqiba ukuba olu tyando lukulungele na, ngoko ungoyiki ukuthetha naye ngalo.
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