Sonke sineentsuku ezimnandi nezibuhlungu ebomini bethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye iintsuku sihleka izinto ezincinci, kwaye ngezinye iintsuku siziva sikruqukile lihlabathi liphela. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa awucingi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi mvakalelo zifikelela kwinqanaba apho ungakwazi ukuzilawula? Oko kukuthi, xa kukho ulonwabo olukhulu, ludlula imida, kwaye xa kukho usizi, lungena nzulu kangangokuba alunyamezeleki. Ukuba oku kuchaphazela umsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla, ubudlelwane bakho, konke oku, kufuneka sikhathazeke kancinci ngale nto. Namhlanje sithetha ngale meko, oko kukuthi, 'Ukuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ingxaki yeemvakalelo?
Le yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba imeko yakho yeemvakalelo, okanye 'imo yeemvakalelo', iyachaphazeleka. Yicinge njengotshintsho olulawula iimvakalelo zethu. Ngokwesiqhelo, singayinyusa okanye siyihlise ivolumu. Kodwa kwimeko yengxaki yeemvakalelo, olu tshintsho lulahlekelwa lulawulo, kwaye nokuba ivolumu iyanyuka yonke indlela (yonwabile kakhulu/iyasebenza) okanye yehle kakhulu (ibuhlungu kakhulu/ingasebenzi).
Le meko ayiphuhli ngobusuku obunye. Ukuze ugqirha ayifumanise njengengxaki yezonyango, ezi mpawu kufuneka zihlale iiveki ezininzi okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, efana nomsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nolwalamano losapho.
Ezibini zezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo phakathi kwethu kukudandatheka kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zengqondo?
Kukho iimeko ezininzi eziphambili zempilo eziwela kolu didi. Makhe sijonge nganye nganye.
- Uxinzelelo kunye neentlobo zalo
- Isifo seBipolar kunye neentlobo zaso
- Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuya Exesheni Ngaphambi Kokuya Exesheni
- Ingxaki Yokuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo Eziphazamisayo
Ngoku masithethe ngeentlobo nganye kwezi ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
1. Uxinzelelo - umthwalo onzima engqondweni
Uxinzelelo, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Clinical Depression", yimeko eqhelekileyo yempilo yengqondo. Ayisiyonto nje ibuhlungu. Ibonakaliswa ziimvakalelo zosizi olukhulu, ukuphelelwa lithemba, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla kuyo nayiphi na into. Ikwachaphazela izinto ezifana nokucinga, ukukhumbula, ukutya, kunye nokulala. Ukuze ugqirha aqinisekise ukuba luxinzelelo, iimpawu kufuneka zibe khona ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini zilandelelana.
Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo:
- Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka:Le yimeko enokwenzeka koomama ngexesha okanye emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Zingaphi iinguqu zehomoni, zomzimba, zeemvakalelo, zezoqoqosho, nezentlalo ezenzeka kubomi bukamama emva kokuba nomntwana? Le meko ingenzeka xa uxinzelelo oluza nolu tshintsho lungenakunyamezelwa.
- Isifo Soxinzelelo Olungapheliyo: Esi sisifo soxinzelelo olungapheliyo esihlala ubuncinane iminyaka emibini. Iimpawu zinokuphela, kodwa zisekhona. Nangona singesibi kangako njengesi sifo soxinzelelo olukhulu, ingxaki apha kukuba sihlala ixesha elide.
- Ingxaki Yokuchaphazeleka Kwexesha Lonyaka (SAD): Le yimeko yokudakumba eyenzeka ngamaxesha athile onyaka kuphela. Ixhaphakile kumazwe anemozulu ebandayo, enemvula, nemnyama ngexesha lasebusika. KwanaseSri Lanka, abanye abantu banokuziva bengenabomi kwaye belusizi ngexesha lemvula eqhubekayo. Olu luvo luyanyamalala xa ilanga likhanya kwaye imozulu iphucuka.
- Uxinzelelo olune-Psychosis: Esi sisihlandlo esinzima sokudakumba esineempawu zengqondo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ungabona izinto abanye abangenakuzibona (imibono) okanye ukholelwe izinto ezingeyonyani (ukukhohlisa). Abantu abanale meko basengozini enkulu yokucinga ngokuzibulala.
2. Isifo seBipolar - Utshintsho olukhulu lweemvakalelo
Le yimeko yengqondo yobomi bonke ebangela utshintsho olukhulu kwiimvakalelo, amandla, iingcinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Cinga ngayo njengesandla sewotshi esijika sisuka kwelinye icala siye kwelinye. Okwenzekayo kweli tyala kukuba ingqondo ngequbuliso ingena kwimeko yokusebenza kakhulu kunye nolonwabo (iMania okanye iHypomania), ize ngequbuliso iye kwicala elahlukileyo, elikukudakumba okukhulu (uxinzelelo).
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zale nto:
- Isifo seBipolar I: Aba bantu baye baba nesiganeko esinye esinzima sokudakumba. Ngeli xesha, badla ngokusebenza kakhulu, abalali, bathetha kakhulu, kwaye benza izigqibo ngokungxama. Esi siganeko sokudakumba sidla ngokulandelwa sisiganeko sokudakumba okukhulu.
- Isifo seBipolar II: Olu luhlobo lwe-mania olungenzima kangako, olubizwa ngokuba yi-hypomania. Ngeli xesha, abantu banamandla amaninzi kwaye banokusebenza, kodwa aluguquguquki. Nangona kunjalo, aluphazamisi ubomi bemihla ngemihla njengakwiBipolar I. Le hypomania ilandelwa sisiganeko sokudakumba okukhulu.
- Ingxaki yeCyclothymia: Aba bantu banesifo sokungazinzi kweemvakalelo esingapheliyo ubuncinane iminyaka emibini. Oko kukuthi, badla ngokutshintshana phakathi kweempawu eziphantsi ze-hypomanic kunye neempawu eziphantsi ze-depression.
Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo
- Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuya Exesheni Ngaphambi Kokuya Exesheni (PMDD):Le yimeko eyenzeka malunga neentsuku ezisi-7-10 ngaphambi kokuba umfazi abe sexesheni. Inzima kakhulu kune-PMS eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ziquka ukucaphuka kakhulu, ixhala, ukudakumba, kunye nokungalali, okuphelayo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kokuya exesheni.
- Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo Esiphazamisayo (DMDD): Esi sisifo esichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaselula. Sibonakaliswa kukucaphuka kakhulu, ukugqabhuka rhoqo komsindo, kunye nokucaphuka. Umsindo udla ngokungafaneleki kwimeko leyo. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ngaphambi kokuba umntu abe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala.
Kubalulekile: Ngaba ixhala yingxaki yeemvakalelo?
Hayi. Ixhala yimeko yengqondo eyahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneengxaki zeemvakalelo badla ngokuba nexhala ngaxeshanye.
Zithini iimpawu zezi meko?
Izifo zengqondo zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeempawu: iimpawu zokudakumba kunye neempawu ze-manic/hypomanic. Makhe sijonge ezi zimbini ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Iimpawu zokudakumba | Iimpawu zeManic/Hypomanic |
|---|---|
| Njengesiqhelo, ukuba lusizi uninzi lwemini. | Ukuziva unamandla aphezulu kunye nolonwabo. |
| Ukungabi namandla, ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha. | Ukuthetha okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. |
| Ukuziva ungento yanto kwaye ungenathemba. | Ukungazoli, umsindo okhawulezayo. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela. | Ukuziphatha okunobungozi (umz., ukuchitha imali eninzi kakhulu, ukuqhuba ngokungakhathali). |
| Iingcinga malunga nokufa okanye ukuzibulala. | Iingcinga zokubaleka. |
| Nika ingqalelo, kuba nzima ukwenza isigqibo ngento ethile. | Ukungalali okanye ukuncipha kwesidingo sokulala. |
| Nokuba ulele kakhulu, okanye ungalali ngokwaneleyo. | Becinga ukuba banamandla akhethekileyo. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukutya kakhulu. |
Kutheni iimeko ezinje zenzeka?
Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukudibana kwezinto kunokubangela oku.
- Izinto ezibangela indalo: Iindawo zobuchopho ezibizwa ngokuba yi-amygdala kunye ne-orbitofrontal cortex zinoxanduva lokulawula iimvakalelo zethu. Iiskeni zobuchopho zabantu abaneengxaki zemood zibonise utshintsho kwezi ndawo.
- Izinto ezibangela ufuzo: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, njengabazali bakho okanye abantakwenu, ukhe waba nale meko, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikwanegalelo elivela kwilifa .
- Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Iziganeko zobomi ezibuhlungu zidlala indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezi meko. Umzekelo, ukufa komntu omthandayo, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, uxinzelelo olude, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana zizinto eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye nesifo sentliziyo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo.
Ifunyanwa njani le meko kwaye inyangwa njani?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithethe kukuba ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukucinga nje ukuba unesifo sengqondo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wengqondo ofanelekileyo.
Uxilongo
Xa ubona ugqirha, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukujonga ukuba ezi mpawu zibangelwa zezinye iimeko zomzimba, ezinje ngeengxaki ze-thyroid okanye ukungabikho kweevithamini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi.
Emva koko, baya kuthetha nawe ngeempawu zakho, indlela olala ngayo nokutya ngayo, kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinje. Olu lwazi lusetyenziselwa ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Iindlela zonyango
Ngokwesiqhelo, indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye ne-psychotherapy (unyango lokuthetha) isetyenziswa njengonyango.
1. Amayeza
- Amayeza okudakumba: La mayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga ukudakumba kunye neziganeko zokudakumba zesifo se-bipolar. La mayeza asebenza ngokulinganisela ii-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-serotonin engqondweni. Angathatha iiveki ezi-4-6 ukusebenza. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza ixesha lonke njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalela.
- IziQinisekisi zeMood: La ngamayeza anikwa ikakhulu ukulawula utshintsho lwemood oluvela kwi-bipolar disorder.
- Ii-Antipsychotics: La mayeza asetyenziselwa ukulawula iziganeko ze-manic ze-bipolar disorder kunye neziganeko zokudakumba okukhulu.
2. Unyango lwengqondo
Oku sikubiza nje ngokuba 'yi-talk therapy'. Oku kuquka ukuthetha nogqirha wengqondo oqeqeshiweyo okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukuze akuncede utshintshe iingcinga zakho ezinengxaki, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Unyango olujolise ekuncedeni ukuba ubone iindlela zakho zokucinga ezimbi kwaye uzitshintshe zibe ngcono.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Nge-Dialectical (DBT): Indlela yonyango ekhethekileyo enceda abantu abaneemvakalelo ezinzulu kakhulu ukuba balawule iimvakalelo zabo.
- Unyango lwe-Psychodynamic: Uhlobo lonyango olugxila kwindlela amava obuntwana kunye neengxaki ezingaziyo ezichaphazela ngayo indlela yokuziphatha yangoku.
3. Ezinye iindlela zonyango
- Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Eli gama linokubathusa abanye abantu, kodwa lunyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo kwingxaki yokudakumba okukhulu, okungenakuphikiswa kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.
- Unyango Lokukhanya: Indlela yonyango equka ukuveza abantu ekukhanyeni okwenziweyo, ingakumbi abo baneengxaki zokuphazamiseka kwexesha lonyaka (SAD).
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uhlala nezi meko?
Ngokuxilongwa kwangoko nangokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwezi meko zinokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye ziphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukudakumba kunye nesifo se-bipolar zinokuphinda zibuye, kwaye unyango lobomi bonke lunokufuneka.
Isilumkiso: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneengcinga zokuzenzakalisa, nceda ungathuli ngaloo nto. Funa uncedo ngoko nangoko. Ungaya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane, okanye uthethe nomhlobo othembekileyo okanye ilungu losapho uze ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukucela uncedo luphawu lwamandla, hayi ubuthathaka.
Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi efana nokungakwazi ukuya emsebenzini/esikolweni, ukulahleka kobudlelwane nabantu, kunye nokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi notywala.
Ngoko ke, ukuba unale mpawu, nceda ubone ugqirha. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo, kodwa zimisele ukuba ngcono.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Kuqhelekile ukuziva wonwabile okanye ulusizi, kwaye yingxaki yeemvakalelo. Ukuba ezi mvakalelo zihlala iiveki ngexesha zide zichaphazele ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele.
- Oku akungobuthathaka bakho, kwaye akuyonto oyenzayo ngabom. Le yimeko yezonyango enxulumene nekhemistri yobuchopho.
- Kukho amayeza asebenzayo kakhulu kunye ne-psychotherapy yeengxaki zengqondo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukufumana uxilongo olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango oluchanekileyo kubalulekile.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneengcinga zokuzibulala, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
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