Ngamanye amaxesha sifumana ukukhwehlela kunye ne-mucus enamathele emqaleni nasesifubeni, akunjalo kunzima kakhulu? Xa i-mucus inamathele esifubeni sethu ingaphumi, kuvakala ngathi asinakukwazi ukuphefumla. Oku kuxakeka kakhulu kwaye kuyacaphukisa abo banezifo zemiphunga ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD. Ngamaxesha anjalo, sithetha ngohlobo oluthile lonyango olunceda ekunyibilikiseni loo mucus uqinileyo, unamathelayo kwaye uwukhuphe ngokulula. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Mucolytic medicine kunyango.
Yintoni i-mucolytic? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.
Kulungile, masiqonde oku ngomzekelo olula kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba i-mucus engaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho ifana ne-gum etyebileyo nenamathelayo. Le gum ivala imigudu yomoya emiphungeni yakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa le mucus ityebileyo ikwavumela iintsholongwane ukuba zivaleleke ngaphakathi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ugule.
IiMucolytics zinceda ekunciphiseni loo mucus ujiyileyo, ofana neentsini, njengamanzi. Ngokuchanekileyo, ziyawaphula amaqhina eekhemikhali abangela ukuba umucus ube mkhulu. Xa umucus uncinci, ungayikhohlela lula. Yenza ukuphefumla kube lula, kwaye isifuba sakho sizive singcono kakhulu.
Le Mucolytic yinxalenye yodidi olukhulu lwamayeza. Siyibiza ngokuba yiklasi yee-mucoactive agents . Oko kuthetha ukuba naliphi na iyeza elichaphazela i-mucus ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye linceda ukuba isuswe emiphungeni lilelale klasi. Umzekelo, ezinye zee-expectorants esizithathayo xa sikhwehlela ngendlela eqhelekileyo zonyusa ubungakanani be-mucus, ziyinyibilikise, kwaye zincede ukuba ikhutshwe. Kodwa iiMucolytics zahlukile kancinci. Zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimolekyuli ze-mucus ezityebileyo ngokwazo.
Isebenza njani le mithi ye-mucolytic emzimbeni?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci ngendlela imiphunga yethu ezihlambulula ngayo ngokwendalo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, imiphunga yomntu ophilileyo isoloko ivelisa umlinganiselo othile we-mucus. Akukho nto imbi ngaloo nto. Le mucus membrane ibaluleke kakhulu. Kuba xa siphefumla, yile mucus membrane ebamba izinto ezingafunekiyo njengothuli, ipollen, kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emoyeni kwaye ikhusele imiphunga ngokuyithintela ukuba ingangeni.
Emva koko, kwiindlela zethu zomoya, kukho izigidi zezakhiwo ezintle kakhulu ezifana neenwele. Njengeentloko zomtshayelo omncinci. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-cilia . Ezi cilia zihlala zihamba kwicala elinye, eliya emqaleni. Njengamaza elwandle. Le ntshukumo ityhala i-mucus ebambe iintsholongwane kancinci kancinci iye emqaleni. Emva koko, singazi, siyayiginya loo mucus, okanye siyayikhohlela, siyitshice. Le yinkqubo yendalo emangalisayo ekufuneka imizimba yethu igcine imiphunga yethu icocekile.
Kodwa kwezinye izifo zemiphunga ezihlala ixesha elide, le nkqubo iyaphazamiseka.
- Ubungakanani be-mucus eveliswayo buyanda kakhulu.
- I-mucus eyenzekayo iba nkulu kakhulu kwaye inamathele.
- Ezinye izifo ziyawenza buthathaka umsebenzi wezo cilia.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-mucus ayinakutsalwa ngaphandle kwaye inamathele emiphungeni. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla kwaye kubangele usulelo.
Amayeza e-mucolytic ayanceda kule ngxaki. Aqala ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhekeza ii-chemical bonds kwi-mucus etyebileyo nenamathelayo, okwenza ibe ncinci. Ngale ndlela, kwanaloo cilia ibuthathaka inokutyhala i-mucus iphume ngokulula. Kwaye, ungayikhohlela ngaphandle kokusebenza nzima kangaka.
Zeziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa amayeza e-mucolytic?
La mayeza awasetyenziswanga ngumkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela. Adla ngokunikwa ngugqirha abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo ezivelisa ulwelo olukhulu.
- I-Cystic Fibrosis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Abantu abanesi sifo bane-mucus etyebileyo emizimbeni yabo, ingakumbi emiphungeni nakwi-pancreas. Oku kubangela usulelo oluhlala lukho emiphungeni.
- I-Bronchiectasis: Le meko yenzeka xa iindlela zomoya (i-bronchi) emiphungeni zonakala ngokusisigxina, zivuleka, kwaye zizaliswe yi-mucus. Oku kubangela ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nosulelo.
- Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu (i-COPD): Esi sisifo semiphunga esihlala ixesha elide esidla ngokuvela kubantu abatshayayo. Zombini ezi meko zibizwa ngokuba yi-emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo ziwela phantsi kolu didi. Iimpawu eziphambili zoku kukuvelisa i-mucus etyebileyo kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
- Isifuba: Abanye abaguli besifuba nabo banesicaphucaphu esityebileyo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, eli yeza linokunikwa ngokubona kukagqirha.
Ziziphi iintlobo zeMucolytics ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeMucolytics ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eSri Lanka nakwihlabathi liphela.
1. I-Acetylcysteine: Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-N-acetyl cysteine, i-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, okanye i-NAC ngamafutshane. I-Mucomyst® ligama elidumileyo lophawu lwale mayeza. Liyi-phlegm thinner elungileyo, kwaye likwanazo neempawu zokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-antioxidant.
Eli yeza le-Acetylcysteine linenye inzuzo emangalisayo nesindisa ubomi. Eli yeza likwanikwa ezibhedlele ngendlela ye-IV (efakwa kwimithambo) ukuthintela ukonakala kwesibindi ukuba sithatha amayeza amaninzi esiwasebenzisa rhoqo ngenxa yomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba, abizwa ngokuba yiParacetamol (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiTylenol®), okuyi-overdose.
2. I-Dornase Alfa (ோனேஸ அலயயா): I-Pulmozyme® ligama lophawu lwale nto. Eli likwaliyeza lokunciphisa i-phlegm. Nangona kunjalo, eli licetyiswa kakhulu kwizigulane ezine-Cystic Fibrosis. Alikhuthazwa kwizigulane ezine-Bronchiectasis ezingenayo i-Cystic Fibrosis.
Ungayithatha njani le yeza? (Iindlela zokusebenzisa)
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunika umzimba eli yeza lokubulala amagciwane. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo.
- NgeNebulizer: Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Usenokuba ukhe wabona abantwana kunye nabantu abadala benikwa imaski encinci yokuphefumla. Loo matshini ubizwa ngokuba yi- nebulizer . Eli yeza lifakwa kwimo yolwelo kulo matshini aze umntu aphefumle umphunga ocolekileyo ofana nenkungu owenziwe kuwo imizuzu embalwa. Emva koko iyeza lingena ngqo emiphungeni.
- Nge-IV (efakwa kwimithambo yegazi): Kwezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nokugqithisela iParacetamol, eli yeza linikwa ngqo emzimbeni nge-cannula efakwe emthanjeni.
- Omlomo: Kwamanye amazwe, eli yeza lifumaneka ngendlela yeepilisi okanye ipakethi enyibilikiswa emanzini ize iselwe.
I-Mucolytic kunye ne-Expectorant: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?
Eli lithuba apho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Usenokucinga, "Azifani zonke na ii-cough syrups?" Kodwa akunjalo. I-Mucolytics kunye ne-expectorants ziintlobo ezimbini zamayeza anceda ekususeni i-mucus, kodwa zisebenza ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
| Uphawu | I-Mucolytic | I-Expectorant |
|---|---|---|
| Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Iyaphula i-mucus ngokuphula ii-chemical bonds kwi-mucus esele ityebile, inamathelayo ize iyinyibilikise . | Iyandisa ukufuma kwindlela yokuphefumla, inyusa ukugeleza kwe-mucus, kwaye inceda ekukhupheni i-mucus . |
| Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili | Kwizifo zemiphunga ezihlala ixesha elide (ezingapheliyo) ezifana neCOPD, iCystic Fibrosis, iBronchiectasis. | Ukukhohlela kunye ne-phlegm yexesha elifutshane okubangelwa zizifo ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlaneNgokuba. |
| Ukufumaneka | Imithi kagqirha idla ngokufuneka . | Uninzi lwamayeza lungathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (OTC) kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. |
| Imizekelo | I-Acetylcysteine, iDornase alfa | I-Guaifenesin (ifumaneka kwiisiraphu ezininzi zokukhwehlela) |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga? Izinto esifanele siziqaphele
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, nangona kungengabo bonke abantu abazifumanayo.
Abantu abane-asthma kufuneka balumke ngakumbi xa besebenzisa i-Acetylcysteine. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza linokubangela ukuba ii-bronchioles zibe nzima nangakumbi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -bronchospasm . Ke ngoko, ukuba une-asthma, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise eli yeza. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, angakunika elinye iyeza (i-bronchodilator) elivula iindlela zomoya kunye neli yeza.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhele ukubonwa:
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Ukungagayi kakuhle okanye ukudumba
- Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo okanye ukurhawuzelela
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Ukutshintsha kwelizwi okanye ukulahleka kwelizwi
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
- Iintlungu zesifuba
Enye into, eli yeza le-Acetylcysteine linevumba elibi kancinci. Abantu abaninzi bathi linuka njengamaqanda abolileyo. Ayisosifo, yikhemikhali yendalo nje equlunqwe kweli yeza. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngalo.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Xa usebenzisa le mithi, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga namayeza anikiweyo.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezingathandekiyo, okanye ezibi kakhulu emva kokusela iyeza.
- Ukuba uziva ngathi iimpawu zakho aziphucuki nangona usebenzisa iyeza.
- Ukuba une-asthma kwaye ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla emva kokusela eli yeza, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungaze uwasebenzise la mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Sukucinga ukuba into esebenzele umhlobo wakho iza kusebenza kuwe. Umzimba nemeko yomntu wonke zahlukile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-mucolytic luhlobo lonyango olunceda ekunciphiseni i-mucus engqindilili, enamathelayo emiphungeni kwaye kube lula ukuyikhupha.
- Ezi zihlala zisetyenziselwa izifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo ezifana neCOPD kunye neCystic Fibrosis, kungekhona umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
- Eli yeza lifanele lithathwe kuphela xa licetyiswe ngugqirha .
- Ukuba une-asthma, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise eli yeza.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa iyeza, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- IiMucolytics kunye neesiraphu zokukhwehlela ezingathengiswayo ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (expectorants) zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Musa ukuzibhidanisa zombini ezi zinto.
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