Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nomhlaza wesibeleko? Masithethe ngawo!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngomhlaza wesibeleko. Mhlawumbi umhlobo wakho unawo, okanye mhlawumbi unomdla wokwazi okungakumbi ngawo. Nangona ingumxholo obalulekileyo, masithethe ngawo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda. Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinje.

Yintoni umhlaza wesibeleko? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wesibeleko kuxa iiseli ezikwii-ovari okanye kwiityhubhu zakho ze-fallopian ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki. Cinga nje ngokuba iiseli emizimbeni yethu zifana nabasebenzi abancinci. Zisebenza ngendlela ehlelekileyo neqhelekileyo. Kodwa kumhlaza, ezinye zezi seli ziqala "ukuphambana," zahlukane kwaye zikhule ngendlela ezithanda ngayo.

Ama-ovari ayinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini. Zizitho ezivelisa amaqanda ngexesha lakho lokuzala. Zihlala zilingana ne-walnut encinci, efumaneka kumacala omabini e-pelvis.

Ngubani ofumana umhlaza wesibeleko?

Oku kunokwenzeka kuye nawuphi na umfazi, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci. Umzekelo, eMelika, abafazi baseMelika bomthonyama nabamhlophe banamathuba amancinci okufumana esi sifo kunabafazi abamnyama, amaHispanic, okanye ama-Asia.

Enye into ephawulekayo kukuba abantu abazalwa ngamaJuda angama-Ashkenazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba notshintsho lwemfuza olubizwa ngokuba yi-'BRCA'. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko.

Lilonke, umhlaza wesibeleko ubangela malunga ne-1% yomhlaza osandul’ ukufunyanwa. Umngcipheko wobomi bonke bomfazi wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko umalunga ne-1 kwi-78.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesibeleko? Sizazi njani?

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Umhlaza wesibeleko ungasasazeka uye esiswini sakho ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala. Yingakho kunokuba nzima ukuyibona kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

• Intlungu yesinqe okanye yesisu, ukungakhululeki, okanye ukuziva ugcwele: Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho into ebambeke esiswini sakho, okanye kunokuvakala ngathi isisu sakho sidumbile.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya, ukuziva ugcwele nasemva kokutya kancinci, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya: Kwanomntu owayesitya kakuhle ngoku unokuziva ehluthi emva kwexesha elifutshane. Usenokungaziva enomdla wokutya.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi: Ufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ukuba ufumana olu hlobo lokopha, ingakumbi ngaphandle komjikelo wakho wenyanga oqhelekileyo wokuya exesheni okanye emva kokuya exesheni.
• Utshintsho kumsebenzi wamathumbu:Umzekelo, iimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokuqhina okanye urhudo zinokubakho.
• Ukwanda kobukhulu besisu: Ukuziva ngathi isisu sakho siya sikhula.
• Ukuchama rhoqo: Isidingo sokuchama ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.

Ukuba nje unale mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza wesibeleko. Zinokubangelwa nazezinye iingxaki zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ziyaqhubeka, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Okukhona ufumanisa kwangoko, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wesibeleko? Ngaba kukho izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko?

Enyanisweni, imbangela echanekileyo yomhlaza wesibeleko ayikaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala: Le ngozi iyanda xa ukhula.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ukuba ubunzima bomzimba buphezulu kakhulu kunomlinganiselo ocetyiswayo.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wesibeleko (imbali yosapho): Oko kukuthi, ukuba umama wakho, udadewenu, okanye intombi yakho ikhe yaba nesi sifo, nawe usenokuba sengozini. Kwakhona, ukuba une-gene mutation ebizwa ngokuba yi-`BRCA1` okanye i-`BRCA2` okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Lynch syndrome, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
• Ukungakhulelwa bantwana okanye ukuba nabantwana emva kwexesha.
• Ukuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-endometriosis.

Ukuba nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zobungozi akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nomhlaza wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Umhlaza wesibeleko usasazeka njani?

Ukuba umhlaza wesibeleko usasazeka, uhlala uqala kwi-pelvis yakho uze usasazeke uye kwi-lymph nodes, kwi-peritoneal cavity, emathunjini, esiswini, kwindawo yesifuba, okanye esibindini.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wesibeleko? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Nangona uphando lweminyaka emininzi lugqityiwe, uvavanyo olusebenzayo lokuhlola umhlaza wesibeleko alukaphuhliswa. Yiyo loo nto kunzima ukuwubona kwasekuqaleni.

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza wesibeleko, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze emva koko enze uvavanyo lwesinqe . Ngeli xesha, baza kukhangela ukukhula okungaqhelekanga okanye amalungu omzimba akhulisiweyo.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:

Uvavanyo lokufota

Ezi zikuvumela ukuba ubone okungaphakathi emzimbeni:

• I-ultrasound ye-pelvic: Oku kungathatha umfanekiso ocacileyo wee-ovari kunye nommandla ojikelezileyo.
• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufumane imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Oku kukwabonelela ngemifanekiso yomzimba enqamlezileyo.
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Oku kunceda ekufumaneni iindawo ezikuyo iiseli zomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-CA-125 ludla ngokwenziwa kule meko. Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-CA-125 liphezulu, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo. Amanqanaba e-CA-125 anokuba yinto eqhelekileyo nokuba unomhlaza, kwaye anokunyuswa nakwezinye iimeko ezingezizo ezomhlaza. Ke ngoko, oogqirha badibanisa olu vavanyo nezinye iimvavanyo ukuze bafikelele kwisigqibo.

Uvavanyo lotyando

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wesibeleko ufunyaniswa ngexesha lotyando. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba kufunyaniswa ukukhula okungaqhelekanga, kunokususwa ngexesha lotyando olufanayo.

I-Laparoscopy

Kule meko, ugqirha wenza isilonda esincinci esiswini sakho aze afake ityhubhu encinci enekhamera (i-laparoscope) ngayo. Le khamera ingasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza ukhona na kwaye usasazeke kangakanani, ithathe iisampuli zezicubu (ii-biopsy), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isuse ii-cysts ze-ovarian.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wesibeleko?

Inqanaba lomhlaza lixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani na. Ukwazi oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango. Kukho amanqanaba amane aphambili omhlaza wesibeleko. Okukhona inani lenqanaba liphantsi, kokukhona umhlaza ungabi mkhulu. Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona imeko iba mandundu.

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Eli nqanaba likwanezigaba ezincinci (IA, IB, IC). Ngamafutshane, kweli nqanaba, umhlaza ukwisibeleko esinye okanye kwityhubhu ye-fallopian (IA), okanye kwiityhubhu zombini ze-ovari okanye zombini iityhubhu ze-fallopian (IB). Kwinqanaba le-IC, umhlaza ukwizibeleko zombini okanye kwiityhubhu zombini, kwaye usasazeke ngaphandle kwesibeleko (kusenokuba kukho iiseli kulwelo olukwisibeleko).
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Eli likwanezigaba ezincinci. Kwi-IIA, umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kumaqanda ukuya kwisibeleko. Kwi-IIB, usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu akwindawo ye-pelvic.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Eli nqanaba likwanamanqanaba amathathu angaphantsi (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC). Kwi-IIIA, umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwe-pelvis, uye esiswini (ngokungabonakaliyo), okanye ukuya kuma-lymph nodes. Kwi-IIIB, i-tumor ifikelela kwiisentimitha ezi-2 ngobukhulu, ngaphaya kwe-pelvis, okanye ukuya kuma-lymph nodes. Kwi-IIIC, umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwe-pelvis, kwaye i-tumor inkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2, okanye ukuya kuma-lymph nodes. Ngeli xesha, amalungu anjengesibindi kunye ne-spleen nawo anokuchaphazeleka.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezifana nesibindi kunye ne-spleen. Kwi-IVA, usemiphungeni, kwaye kwi-IVB, usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes kwindawo ye-groin okanye esifubeni.

Ungoyiki ukuva ngezi zigaba. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela yonke into.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esikufaneleyo.

Unyango lomhlaza wesibeleko lunjani?

Injongo ephambili yonyango lomhlaza kukususa iiseli zomhlaza ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo. Unyango oluphambili lomhlaza wesibeleko zezi:

• Utyando: Olu lunyango oluphambili. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukususwa kwamalungu akho okuzala (amaqanda, iityhubhu ze-fallopian, isibeleko) kunye nazo naziphi na izitho apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Ugqirha angenza i-laparoscopy (utyando olungenamsebenzi oluqhutywa ngokusikwa okuncinci esiswini) okanye i-laparotomy (utyando oluvulekileyo oluqhutywa ngokusikwa okukhulu esiswini).
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kungenziwa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando. Unyango lweKhemotherapy luhlobo lonyango olujolise kwaye lutshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Lunokunikwa ngemithambo yegazi okanye njengeepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Olu luhlobo lonyango oluchonga kwaye luhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kutshintsha indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zahlulahlula ngayo.
• Unyango lweehomoni: Eminye imiphunga ye-ovarian isebenzisa iihomoni ukukhula. Olu nyango luthintela ezo homoni, lucothise okanye luyekise ukukhula komhlaza.
• Unyango ngemitha: Unyango ngemitha alusetyenziswa rhoqo kumhlaza wesibeleko.

Emva kokuba unyangelwe umhlaza wesibeleko, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukukubona rhoqo aze akujonge. Baza kuqhubeka bekwenza uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. Kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimpawu okanye ukungakhululeki onakho ngeli xesha. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lokuthatha imifanekiso, olufana ne-CT scan, lunokwenziwa.

Yintoni ekufuneka ilindelwe ngumntu onomhlaza wesibeleko?

Nokuba unyango luphelile, ugqirha wakho uza kukubona rhoqo. Ngexesha lotyelelo, baza kuthetha ngeempawu zakho, izinto ezikuxhalabisayo, kunye noloyiko lwakho. Kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho. Ukulandelela emva konyango kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kumhlaza wesibeleko?

Le yingxaki enzulu kancinci. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu yomhlaza wesibeleko limalunga nama-49%. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nama-49% abantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wesibeleko basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyaniswe ukuba banawo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: Ezi zibalo zingumndilili nje. Azikuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye ukuba unyango lwakho luza kuba nempumelelo kangakanani. Wonke umntu wahlukile.Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela oku, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Unyango olutsha luhlala luphuhliswa. Ngoko ke, ukuba unemibuzo malunga nezi zibalo, vuleka kwaye unyaniseke kugqirha wakho.

Ngaba umhlaza wesibeleko ungathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi imbali yosapho lwakho kunokukunceda uqonde ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko.

Ukuba unemeko yemfuza, efana nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando olunciphisa umngcipheko ukuze kususwe ii-ovari zakho kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba unayo i-BRCA okanye olunye utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo .

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uyaqhubeka uneempawu zomhlaza wesibeleko esizixubushileyo ngaphambili (umzekelo, amaqhuma angaqhelekanga, iintlungu zesisu, ukudumba), qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Musa ukoyika, kodwa bubulumko ukuya kuhlolwa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza wesibeleko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Usenokufuna ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Iphi ithumba elinomhlaza?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke? Ukuba kunjalo, ude ufikelele phi?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Unyango lwam luza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukuya emsebenzini ngexesha lonyango?
• Ngaba kukho izixhobo zokufumana uncedo ngomhlaza wesibeleko?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, ulusizi, kwaye udanile xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unomhlaza wesibeleko, usenokuziva uwedwa. Kodwa awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho anokukunceda kule xesha linzima. Buza ngamaqela enkxaso kwaye ujoyine. Ukuthetha nabantu abadlula kwizinto ezifanayo nawe kunokukunceda ujongane nezi mvakalelo zinzima.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umhlaza wesibeleko yinto esifanele siyixhalabele. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele, sinike ingqalelo kwiimpawu, kwaye sifune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Uyayazi kakuhle imizimba yakho. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga, ungayityesheli. Thetha nogqirha. Okukhona uyifumanisa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Fumana uncedo olufunayo.

Umhlaza we-Ovarian , Impilo yabasetyhini, Iimpawu zomhlaza, Unyango lomhlaza, i-BRCA Gene, i-CA-125, i-Gynecology